Download or read book Time Chance and Reduction written by Gerhard Ernst and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-21 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistical mechanics attempts to explain the behaviour of macroscopic physical systems in terms of the mechanical properties of their constituents. Although it is one of the fundamental theories of physics, it has received little attention from philosophers of science. Nevertheless, it raises philosophical questions of fundamental importance on the nature of time, chance and reduction. Most philosophical issues in this domain relate to the question of the reduction of thermodynamics to statistical mechanics. This book addresses issues inherent in this reduction: the time-asymmetry of thermodynamics and its absence in statistical mechanics; the role and essential nature of chance and probability in this reduction when thermodynamics is non-probabilistic; and how, if at all, the reduction is possible. Compiling contributions on current research by experts in the field, this is an invaluable survey of the philosophy of statistical mechanics for academic researchers and graduate students interested in the foundations of physics.
Download or read book Time Chance and Reduction written by Gerhard Ernst and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-21 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistical mechanics attempts to explain the behaviour of macroscopic physical systems in terms of the mechanical properties of their constituents. Although it is one of the fundamental theories of physics, it has received little attention from philosophers of science. Nevertheless, it raises philosophical questions of fundamental importance on the nature of time, chance and reduction. Most philosophical issues in this domain relate to the question of the reduction of thermodynamics to statistical mechanics. This book addresses issues inherent in this reduction: the time-asymmetry of thermodynamics and its absence in statistical mechanics; the role and essential nature of chance and probability in this reduction when thermodynamics is non-probabilistic; and how, if at all, the reduction is possible. Compiling contributions on current research by experts in the field, this is an invaluable survey of the philosophy of statistical mechanics for academic researchers and graduate students interested in the foundations of physics.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Social Science written by Harold Kincaid and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-23 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The philosophy of the social sciences considers the underlying explanatory powers of the social (or human) sciences, such as history, economics, anthropology, politics, and sociology. The type of questions covered includes the methodological (the nature of observations, laws, theories, and explanations) to the ontological — whether or not these sciences can explain human nature in a way consistent with common-sense beliefs. This Handbook is a major, comprehensive look at the key ideas in the field, is guided by several principles. The first is that the philosophy of social science should be closely connected to, and informed by, developments in the sciences themselves. The second is that the volume should appeal to practicing social scientists as well as philosophers, with the contributors being both drawn from both ranks, and speaking to ongoing controversial issues in the field. Finally, the volume promotes connections across the social sciences, with greater internal discussion and interaction across disciplinary boundaries.
Download or read book Agricultural Pollution written by Graham Merrington and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-08-22 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive text provides a concise overview of environmental problems caused by agriculture, (such as pesticide pollution and increased nitrate levels) and offers practical solutions to them. It is well illustrated and contains a fully-referenced introduction to the main contemporary agricultural pollution issues in the UK. It will help provide clear, scientific and technical understanding of the most important sources of agricultural pollution.
Download or read book Jonathan Edwards Concerning The End for Which God Created the World written by Walter J. Schultz and published by Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. This book was released on 2020-01-20 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an exposition of Jonathan Edwards' argumentation in his dissertation Concerning the End for Which God Created the World. In addition to stating Edwards' theses regarding God's end and motivation in creation, this book identifies and discusses the assumptions of his argumentation, analyses and explains its crucial components, and explores its philosophical implications. These implications include a version of exemplarism (i.e., the nature of God's ideas for creation), dispositionalism (i.e., the characteristics of God which explain God's motivation), and emanationism (i.e., what God shares of himself with persons who have a living faith in Christ). These entail a view of idealism (i.e., a view of the ultimate ontological ground of the universe), God's temporal nature, continuous creationism (i.e., how God sustains creation), a version of panentheism (i.e., how God, who is infinite, is related to creation, from which God is absolutely distinct), and occasionalism (i.e., the nature of causation of physical events or states of creation). These concepts and what they entail constitute a complete metaphysical system, providing a thoroughgoing divine action understanding of the foundation of reality. For Jonathan Edwards, God's acting according to his plans for his purposes in Christ is fundamental to all things. Were we to have an understanding of how the fundamental concepts of science, mathematics, and ordinary experience are related in reality to the God who acts for his original ultimate end in creation, sustaining the universe, while providentially guiding its affairs, and working redemption, we would have the opportunity to develop these as he had hoped, he pointed the way for others to follow.
Download or read book Time Chance and Thermodynamics written by Colin Archibald Russell and published by . This book was released on 1981-01-01 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evapo transpiration Reduction written by United States. Department of the Interior and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Disaster Risk Reduction in Agriculture written by Mukhtar Ahmed and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-02 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is related to disaster risk reduction in agriculture particularly under changing climate. Climate change refers to significant, long-term changes in the global climate. There is unequivocal evidence that Earth is warming at an unprecedented rate. Human activity is the principal cause. The planets average surface temperature has risen to about 1oC since the late 19th century and most of the warming occurred in the past 40 years. The years 2016 and 2020 are tied for the warmest year on the record. Similarly, other evidence of rapid climate change includes warming of oceans, shrinking of ice sheets, retreating glaciers, decreasing snow cover, rising of sea level, declining artic sea ice, increased frequency of extreme events, ocean acidification and loss of biodiversity. Hence, climate change impacts, both extreme weather and slow-onset events, have impacted several sectors of the national economies and activities, in particular agriculture and food production, augmented by other challenges be it geopolitical, cost of finance or supply chain related, and in a time of increased food insecurity. Without CO2 fertilization, effective adaptation, and genetic improvement, each degree-Celsius increase in global mean temperature would, on average, reduce global yields of wheat by 6.0%, rice by 3.2%, maize by 7.4%, and soybean by 3.1%. Hence this book is useful as a study material to teach in the field of agriculture and climate change. The book is useful for instructors and postgraduate as well as undergraduate students involved in the study of climate change. The book also provide guidance to multiple stakeholders to design mitigation and adaptation efforts to climate change and ensure food security in the developing world.
Download or read book Michigan Manufacturer Financial Record written by and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 1130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book San Rafael Canal Marin County Shoreline Study Tidal Flood Damage Reduction written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chance in Biology written by Mark Denny and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2002-09-23 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life is a chancy proposition: from the movement of molecules to the age at which we die, chance plays a key role in the natural world. Traditionally, biologists have viewed the inevitable "noise" of life as an unfortunate complication. The authors of this book, however, treat random processes as a benefit. In this introduction to chance in biology, Mark Denny and Steven Gaines help readers to apply the probability theory needed to make sense of chance events--using examples from ocean waves to spiderwebs, in fields ranging from molecular mechanics to evolution. Through the application of probability theory, Denny and Gaines make predictions about how plants and animals work in a stochastic universe. Is it possible to pack a variety of ion channels into a cell membrane and have each operate at near-peak flow? Why are our arteries rubbery? The concept of a random walk provides the necessary insight. Is there an absolute upper limit to human life span? Could the sound of a cocktail party burst your eardrums? The statistics of extremes allows us to make the appropriate calculations. How long must you wait to see the detail in a moonlit landscape? Can you hear the noise of individual molecules? The authors provide answers to these and many other questions. After an introduction to the basic statistical methods to be used in this book, the authors emphasize the application of probability theory to biology rather than the details of the theory itself. Readers with an introductory background in calculus will be able to follow the reasoning, and sets of problems, together with their solutions, are offered to reinforce concepts. The use of real-world examples, numerous illustrations, and chapter summaries--all presented with clarity and wit--make for a highly accessible text. By relating the theory of probability to the understanding of form and function in living things, the authors seek to pique the reader's curiosity about statistics and provide a new perspective on the role of chance in biology.
Download or read book Reduction of Individual Income Taxes written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reducing the Public Debt written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considers H.R. 1337 and related bills, to amend Budget and Accounting Act to make mandatory, except in time of war, two yearly reductions in national debt.
Download or read book H R 3310 Small Business Paperwork Reduction Act Amendments of 1998 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform and Oversight. Subcommittee on National Economic Growth, Natural Resources, and Regulatory Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reduction of Retirement Benefits Due to Social Security Increases written by United States. Congress. Senate. Special Committee on Aging. Subcommittee on Employment and Retirement Incomes and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 1398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods for Reliability Improvement and Risk Reduction written by Michael Todinov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-10-10 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reliability is one of the most important attributes for the products and processes of any company or organization. This important work provides a powerful framework of domain-independent reliability improvement and risk reducing methods which can greatly lower risk in any area of human activity. It reviews existing methods for risk reduction that can be classified as domain-independent and introduces the following new domain-independent reliability improvement and risk reduction methods: Separation Stochastic separation Introducing deliberate weaknesses Segmentation Self-reinforcement Inversion Reducing the rate of accumulation of damage Permutation Substitution Limiting the space and time exposure Comparative reliability models The domain-independent methods for reliability improvement and risk reduction do not depend on the availability of past failure data, domain-specific expertise or knowledge of the failure mechanisms underlying the failure modes. Through numerous examples and case studies, this invaluable guide shows that many of the new domain-independent methods improve reliability at no extra cost or at a low cost. Using the proven methods in this book, any company and organisation can greatly enhance the reliability of its products and operations.
