Download or read book Thyroid Hormone induced Changes in Gene Expression in the Bullfrog Rana Catesbeiana Tadpole Liver written by Caren Christiane Helbing and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation of the Urea Cycle Enzyme Genes in the Liver of Rana Catesbeiana Tadpoles During Spontaneous and Thyroid Hormone induced Metamorphosis written by Yuqing Eugene Chen and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thyroid Hormone induced Actin Gene Expression During Postembryonic Development in Rana Catesbeiana microform written by Li Zheng and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2001 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amphibian metamorphosis involves a complex but coordinate transformation of individual tissues in a tadpole. It is becoming increasingly clear that thyroid hormone controls metamorphosis by regulating a cascade of gene expression in this process. Thus, the overall objective of my thesis was to establish whether or not thyroid hormone induces the expression of one or more of the actin genes in the heart or other tissues/organs of the metamorphosing Rana catesbeiana (American bullfrog) tadpole. In order to accomplish my objective, I isolated and characterized the cDNAs and genomic DNAs encoding various isoforms of actin in this amphibian and, subsequently, evaluated the expression of the genes encoding these actin isoforms.
Download or read book Expression of Genes Encoding the Heavy Chains of Myosin in the Tail Muscle of Thyroid Hormone induced Metamorphosing Rana Catesbeiana Tadpoles microform written by Huimin Hu and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 1997 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complete regression of a tadpole's tail during its transition to a frog is dramatic and a morphological hallmark of amphibian metamorphosis. Studies of tail regression indicate that the destruction of this organ involves a genetic program which is initiated by thyroid hormone and consists of several phases, all of which are thought to involve changes in gene expression. Previous studies, focused on the initial phase of tail regression in the Rana catesbeiana tadpole, have shown that a decrease in the rate of synthesis of some myofibrillar proteins, such as the myosin heavy chains, is an early, thyroid hormone-mediated event. However, the question of whether this event results from regulatory mechanisms operating at the level of transcription and/or translation has not been addressed. Thus, the overall objective of my studies was to establish what effect thyroid hormone has on the expression of mRNAs encoding the heavy chains of myosin in the tail muscle of hormone-treated tadpoles, and, to accomplish my objective, I first had to isolate and characterize cDNAs encoding the myosin heavy chains found in the tail muscle of this tadpole. The results of my investigations demonstrate (1) that the genes which encode at least five of the myosin heavy chains expressed in the tadpole tail muscle are also expressed in the hindlimb muscles of tadpoles at metamorphic climax and in the limb muscles of adult frogs, (2) that thyroid hormone treatment of the tadpole does not repress the level of these mRNAs in its tail, but, instead, appears to promote an accumulation in the level of at least four of the mRNAs encoding these myosin heavy chains, and (3) that the thyroid hormone-induced up-regulation in the levels of the myosin heavy chain mRNAs is early and coincidental with an up-regulation in the levels of mRNAs encoding TR$\alpha,$ TR$\beta$ and the Rana homologue of a mammalian C/EBP-$\delta.$ These results suggest that the thyroid hormone-induced decrease in the rate of myosin heavy chain synthesis in the tadpole tail muscle is not related to a depression in the amount of mRNAs encoding the tadpole (stage-specific) isoforms of the myosin heavy chains.
Download or read book Expression of Genes Encoding the Myosin Heavy Chains During Spontaneous and Thyroid hormone Induced Metamorphosis of Rana Catesbeiana Tadpoles written by Fernand V. Gauthier and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thyroid Hormone Regulation of Liver Gene Expression During Metamorphosos in Rana Catesbeiana written by Daniel F. Lyman and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transcriptional Regulation of the Urea Cycle Enzyme Genes in the Liver of Rana Catesbeiana Tadpoles During Spontaneous and Thyroid Hormone induced Metamorphosis written by Yuqing Eugene Chen and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Expression of Genes Encoding the Myosin Heavy Chains During Spontaneous and Thyroid hormone Induced Metamorphosis of Rana Catesbeiana Tadpoles written by Fernand V. Gauthier and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transcriptomic Analysis of Thyroid Hormone Effects on Rana Lithobates Catesbeiana Tadpole Tissues with Special Emphasis on the Innate Immune System written by Shireen Hanna Partovi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amphibian metamorphosis is facilitated solely by thyroid hormones (THs), L-thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3). TH modulates the remodeling of many different organs and systems in the body of developing tadpoles, including the immune system. Previous research found evidence of T4 action on direct-response genes in outer ring deiodinase-poor premetamorphic tadpole tail fin and liver without the required conversion to T3 described by current TH dogma. The mechanisms of environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may be better understood by expanding our understanding of the transcriptomic effects of both forms of THs and how they relate to estrogen signaling. Furthermore, analysis of TH-modulation of the immune system may enable a greater understanding of the devastating effects of amphibian pathogens such as Ranavirus. Premetamorphic Rana (Lithobates) catesbeiana tadpoles were exposed to physiological concentrations of T4, T3, or 17-beta-estradiol (E2) through water bath immersion. qPCR analysis was performed to assess the response of canonical TH-responsive genes thra, thrb, and thibz to these hormones in the liver and tail fin tissues of bullfrog tadpoles. E2 treatment did not elicit a response in these gene transcripts in either tissue. T3 treatment in the tail fin elicited an overall stronger response than T4, while T4 treatment in the liver recapitulated results consistent with non-genomic mechanisms of T4 signaling for thrb and thibz transcripts. Illumina Hiseq2500 was used to sequence RNA isolated from hormone-treated premetamorphic tadpole liver and tail fin tissues to assess differential transcriptomic responses and identify TH-responsive immune system-associated transcripts. The impact of TH-treatment on the general immune system in the liver and tail fin transcriptomes was also analyzed using RNA-seq data. We found that E2 modulates at least some shared TH pathways in the liver, but none in the tail fin and that the tail fin transcriptome is more affected by T3, while the liver transcriptome is more affected by T4. Additionally, evidence of immune system modulation by both THs was found in both the liver and tail fin transcriptomes. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an important component of the amphibian immune response. Details regarding the regulation, synthesis, and expression of AMPs remain obscure, although evidence of TH-modulation of specific AMPs has been identified, as well as evidence of increased expression of AMPs throughout metamorphosis. Frog skin is a prolific source of AMPs that may prove useful in the quest for alternative antimicrobial agents in the face of antibiotic resistance. Identification of new AMPs is hindered by the practical limitations of classical protein-based discovery approaches. By using known AMP characteristics and common ¬AMP properties, we developed a high throughput bioinformatics approach predicated on the use of R. catesbeiana genome resources. We mined these resources and identified novel and known AMPs that exhibited verified antimicrobial activity against various bacterial organisms. This thesis sought to elucidate the differential and modulatory effects of both forms of TH on a transcriptomic level and in the context of immunity, and to examine the utility of the bullfrog transcriptome and genomics resources in identifying and characterizing novel bullfrog-derived AMPs and elucidating aspects of AMP expression.
Download or read book Expression of Genes Encoding the Heavy Chains of Myosin in the Tail Muscle of Thyroid Hormone induced Metamorphosing Rana Catesbeiana Tadpoles written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Section 2 Test No 231 Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2009-09-08 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Test Guideline describes an amphibian metamorphosis assay intended to screen substances which may interfere with the normal functioning of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis. The assay was validated with the species Xenopus laevis, which is ...
Download or read book Metamorphosis written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1996-02-21 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metamorphosis addresses various facets of postembryonic development, particularly signal transduction, morphogenesis, cell-cell interactions, and programmed cell death. A key feature of the book is its exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes. Hormonal regulation of development The mechanisms of hormone action The steroid/thyroid hormone receptor family Morphogenesis and programmed cell death
Download or read book Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion written by Patrick J. Walsh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-08-31 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the basic evolutionary patterns of nitrogen metabolism and excretion have been outlined for decades, there has been a resurgence of research activity in the past 15 years. Research in nitrogen metabolism has been stimulated in the area of acid-base balance. The molecular revolution has had an impact on the field as well, and recent studies on nitrogen metabolism and excretion now almost routinely use the tools of molecular biology. Of special interest are recent studies of evolutionary relationships between proteins of nitrogen metabolism. Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion updates the reader on progress being made in this subject, offering an exciting integration of traditional topics and discussions on the most recent issues which have not yet appeared in other textbooks or references. The book features chapters on the latest developments in nitrogen metabolism and excretion from 28 prominent researchers from all over the world. Each chapter is detailed and specific, filled with useful concepts and techniques. The scope of the book is broad and diverse, covering groups from invertebrates to mammals, and subjects from nitrogen in oceanic buoyancy regulation to molecular mechanisms of nitric oxide synthesis. The text provides a phylogenetic view of various animal groups and presents much new information intended to break down phylogenetic stereotypes. The general areas of development, maternal-fetal interactions, protein turnover, carbamoyl phosphate synthesis, nitric oxide, and nitrates and nitrites are also covered in depth. This volume is the first in a new series that brings about a modern synthesis of areas of animal physiology. Nitrogen Metabolism and Excretion benefits both established researchers interested in nitrogen and advanced undergraduate and graduate students who want to investigate the most current and exciting questions being studied and debated.
Download or read book The Role of Thyroid Hormones in Vertebrate Development written by Marco António Campinho and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-24 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Amphibian Metamorphosis written by Yun-Bo Shi and published by Wiley-Liss. This book was released on 1999-10-18 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an age when advanced molecular and genetic tools allow studies in various systems, amphibian metamorphosis still offers perhaps the most accessible model for the study of postembryonic organogenesis and mechanisms of hormonal regulation during vertebrate development. Amphibian Metamorphosis: From Morphology to Molecular Biology integrates findings from the most recent research with earlier observations, providing molecular and mechanistic insights into the signal transduction pathways underlying tissue-specific transformations during metamorphosis. The author, renowned expert of anuran metamorphosis and Head of the Unit of Molecular Morphogenesis at NICHD/NIH, begins with an overview of metamorphosis in different classes of amphibians and various factors that influence this process. A review of earlier morphological, cellular, and biochemical changes focuses on organs and tissues that have been studied extensively at the molecular level, while discussion of the thyroid hormone signal transduction pathway emphasizes transcriptional regulation mechanisms by thyroid receptors. The book provides a summary and comparison of gene regulation programs induced by thyroid hormone in several organs that undergo distinct metamorphic transformations. Several chapters are devoted to functional and mechanistic implications of the molecular findings on the thyroid hormone response genes in tissue transformation. Special features of this book include: * An emphasis on integrating the morphological approach with molecularand cell biology * A historical perspective on the progression from discovery of the thyroid hormone to present-day research advances * Comparisons of amphibian and insect metamorphosis * Dozens of instructive photographs, several in full color Amphibian Metamorphosis: From Morphology to Molecular Biology is a unique and invaluable resource for professionals and aspiring professionals in develop-mental biology, molecular biology, cell biology, evolutionary biology, and endocrinology.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thyroid Hormones written by Choh Hao Li and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1978-01-01 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hormonal Proteins and Peptides, Volume VI: Thyroid Hormones is a compilation of papers that details the various aspects, chemical properties, effects, and history of thyroid hormones. The book covers a wide range of topics related to the study of thyroid hormones. Six chapters are devoted to the various aspects of thyroid hormones. Chapter 1 deals with the chemistry of human thyrotropin. Chapters 2 and 3 survey the chemistry of thyroid hormones and analogs, focusing on synthesis and structure-activity relationships. Chapter 4 presents thyroxin action and the possible direct participation of thyroxin in catecholamine pathways in the nervous system. Chapter 5 discusses the thyroid hormone action during amphibian metamorphosis at the cellular and molecular levels. An account of the evolution of the thyroid function is given in Chapter 6. The final chapter delves on the historical aspect of thyroid hormones. Biochemists, physicians, pharmacologists, researchers, and students in the medical field will benefit from this book.
