Download or read book Three Essays on the Relationships Between Mothers Education and Employment Status and Children s Outcomes written by Xian Deng and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on How Parents and Schools Affect Offspring s Outcomes written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many ways parents can improve their offspring's outcomes. For example, they can invest in offspring's education or health. They can provide better social connections to obtain job information or personal references. In addition, they can exert political influence to obtain better labor market outcomes for their offspring. Understanding exactly how parents improve their offspring's outcomes is very important for the formation of political perspectives and policy designs. However, it is very difficult to disentangle the factors, as parents of high socioeconomic status do many things to help their children succeed. This dissertation presents three quasi-experimental studies to understand the causal mechanisms of parents' influence on children's outcomes in the context of China and United States. Chapter two examines the implementation of court-ordered racial desegregation of schools and finds that school desegregation increases biracial births. This provides the first evidence of how an education policy that affects racial integration also has demographic implications and an intergenerational impact on social and economic opportunities.
Download or read book Three Essays on the Interrelationships Between Socioeconomic Resources Family Formation and Child Wellbeing written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fueled by social, cultural, and economic change, nearly all aspects of family life shifted over the past five decades. Such wide-ranging transformation has implications for the determinants of family formation and parenting in contemporary periods. In this dissertation, I examine three facets of family life: nonmarital childbearing, marriage among cohabitors, and the relationship between parenting and child wellbeing. The first chapter uses data from two recent cohorts of young women from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine how the relationship between women's socioeconomic status and having a child outside of marriage has changed across cohorts. Despite striking growth in the prevalence of nonmarital childbearing across cohorts, I find that nonmarital childbearing continues to be concentrated among less-advantaged women. In contrast to prior work, however, I also find that women's economic opportunities are increasingly important for nonmarital childbearing. The second chapter draws on data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 cohort to investigate how men's and women's economic trajectories influence the transition to marriage among cohabitors. I find that growth in earnings and increased schooling hastens the transition to marriage, whereas a loss in earnings or employment encourages separation. The relationship between economic status and marriage varies little across gender and parental status, though the associations are more consistent among men and especially, fathers. The results of this study provide further evidence that having limited economic resources presents a significant barrier to marriage. The third chapter examines how maternal education shapes parenting behaviors in ways that have meaningful consequences for children's behavioral and cognitive development. Using data from the Fragile Families Study, I find that the combined higher-quality parenting and higher family income associated with maternal education explains a significant portion of the gaps in children's wellbeing. The results of this study suggest that improving family incomes alone will not alleviate disparities in children's wellbeing. Taken together, the results of these studies highlight the central role of economic resources for family formation and parenting behaviors, yet they also demonstrate the significance of education above and beyond the monetary rewards with which it is correlated.
Download or read book Maternal Employment and Children s Development written by Adele Eskeles Gottfried and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a review written in 1979, I noted that there was a paucity of research examining the effects of maternal employment on the infant and young child and also that longitudinal studies of the effects of maternal em ployment were needed (Hoffman, 1979). In the last 10 years, there has been a flurry of research activity focused on the mother's employment during the child's early years, and much of this work has been longi tudinal. All of the studies reported in this volume are at least short-term longitudinal studies, and most of them examine the effects of maternal employment during the early years. The increased focus on maternal employment during infancy is not a response to the mandate of that review but rather reflects the new employment patterns in the United States. In March 1985, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that 49.4% of married women with children less than a year old were employed outside the home (Hayghe, 1986). This figure is up from 39% in 1980 and more than double the rate in 1970. By now, most mothers of children under 3 are in the labor force.
Download or read book Maternal Employment and Child Health written by Yana van der Meulen Rodgers and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As women's labor force participation has risen around the globe, scholarly and policy discourse on the ramifications of this employment growth has intensified. This book explores the links between maternal employment and child health using an international perspective that is grounded in economic theory and rigorous empirical methods. Women's labor-market activity affects child health largely because their paid work raises household income, which strengthens families' abilities to finance healthcare needs and nutritious food; however, time away from children could counteract some of the benefits of higher socioeconomic status that spring from maternal employment. New evidence based on data from nine South and Southeast Asian countries illuminates the potential tradeoff between the benefits and challenges families contend with in the face of women's labor-market activity. This book provides new, original evidence on links between maternal employment and children's health using data associated with three indicators of children's nutritional status: birth size, stunting, and wasting. Results support the implementation and enforcement of policy interventions that bolster women's advancement in the labor market and reduce undernutrition among children. Scholars, students, policymakers and all those with an interest in nutritional science, gender, economics of the family, or development economies will find the methodology and original results expounded here both useful and informative.
Download or read book School Family and Community Partnerships written by Joyce L. Epstein and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2018-07-19 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strengthen programs of family and community engagement to promote equity and increase student success! When schools, families, and communities collaborate and share responsibility for students′ education, more students succeed in school. Based on 30 years of research and fieldwork, the fourth edition of the bestseller School, Family, and Community Partnerships: Your Handbook for Action, presents tools and guidelines to help develop more effective and more equitable programs of family and community engagement. Written by a team of well-known experts, it provides a theory and framework of six types of involvement for action; up-to-date research on school, family, and community collaboration; and new materials for professional development and on-going technical assistance. Readers also will find: Examples of best practices on the six types of involvement from preschools, and elementary, middle, and high schools Checklists, templates, and evaluations to plan goal-linked partnership programs and assess progress CD-ROM with slides and notes for two presentations: A new awareness session to orient colleagues on the major components of a research-based partnership program, and a full One-Day Team Training Workshop to prepare school teams to develop their partnership programs. As a foundational text, this handbook demonstrates a proven approach to implement and sustain inclusive, goal-linked programs of partnership. It shows how a good partnership program is an essential component of good school organization and school improvement for student success. This book will help every district and all schools strengthen and continually improve their programs of family and community engagement.
Download or read book Three Essays on Economic Wellbeing Maternal Employment and Parenting in the Context of Divorces in the United States written by Trisha Chanda and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic wellbeing of divorced mothers is an issue of longstanding policy concern. The loss of an earner and caregiver in the aftermath of divorce leads to steep declines in family income and personal wealth of mothers which are hard to recover from and increase their risk of facing poverty. At the same time, mothers' post-divorce economic wellbeing depends on factors like their pre-divorce employment and earnings, the amount of time a child spends with her after divorce, and the social safety net policy landscape. In this dissertation, I add to the research on economic wellbeing of divorced women by addressing several gaps in the literature pertaining to their pre-divorce economic circumstances, how the amount of time children spend with mothers after their divorce relates to their employment and their experience of work-family conflict, and whether a partnership dissolution leads to a change in the way mothers spend their time with children versus in employment and housework. I use a variety of state administrative and survey data from Wisconsin, as well as nationally representative data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics in this dissertation and apply descriptive and longitudinal regression techniques to answer my research questions.My dissertation findings broadly suggest that at least in Wisconsin, mothers remain more vulnerable than fathers going into divorce, but there is heterogeneity in post-divorce economic outcomes for mothers by the amount of time a child lives with the mother. Mothers who have their children part-time versus full-time feel lower time pressures, and the growth in their earnings in the post-divorce period is larger than that of mothers who have their children full-time. Nationally, separated mothers' time with children remain largely preserved, and they balance their post-separation increase in employment hours through reductions in housework instead, although it takes a few years for these mothers to reach an equilibrium with respect to time with children. These findings provide new insight to inform policy on child placement and child support arrangements, and underscore the need for family-friendly workplace policies in the United States.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Child Care and Child Development written by NICHD Early Child Care Research Network and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2005-12-23 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important work presents the results of the most comprehensive scientific study to date of early child care and its relation to child development. In one volume, a critical selection of material from the most salient journal articles is brought together with new overviews and a concluding commentary. Provided is a wealth of authoritative information about the ways in which nonmaternal care is linked to health, psychological adjustment, and mother-child bonds in the first six years of life. The study addresses the full complexity of this vital issue, taking into account a range of family characteristics as well as the quality of child care experiences. An essential resource for developmentalists, early child care specialists, and educators, this volume offers compelling new perspectives on practice, policy, and research.
Download or read book Maternal Employment Quality Time and Children Outcomes written by Ahlam El Yaman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, I explore two relationships using the three waves of the Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. In the first model, I assess the effect of maternal employment on the quantity and quality of time spent with the child. I use child and family fixed estimation and I also look at whether this relationship varies according to the mother's educational attainment, the gender and the age of the child. In the second model, I estimate child production functions to examine the effects of quantity and quality of mother-child time on children's behavioral and cognitive development. I use value added production function models and I test two measures of quality time: (1) simply active (engaged) versus passive time, and (2) a quality time index constructed via Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Results indicate that working 40 hours per week reduces mother-child time by 4.8 hours, of which 2.4 hours are quality time. I find no significant effect of mother-child time on either cognitive or non-cognitive measures. Child cognitive outcomes are mainly affected by the mother's educational attainment, while non-cognitive outcomes are shaped by her warmth and psychological distress, and neighborhood safety. I conclude that parent's education, parenting style, mother's distress, and neighborhood characteristics have more impact on child development than does mother's time input. Policies targeting child outcomes should focus more on those elements, and less on mother-child time and mother's employment.
Download or read book Links Between Maternal Education and Parenting Quality During Children s First Three Years written by Jessica A. Gudmundson and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Socio-demographic factors have been consistently linked to parenting practices during children's first years of life. However, less is known about the unique contribution and interactive effects of key factors such as maternal education, income, and partner status. The purpose of the current study was to examine group differences in maternal sensitivity and cognitive stimulation based on maternal education, income, and partner status in a sample of 1,364 mothers with young children. Drawing from family stress theory, main effects of education, income, and partner status were examined, and income and partner status were examined as moderators of differences in maternal behavior based on education. A secondary goal was to examine group differences in maternal behavior based on education and partner status among low-income mothers and group differences based on education and cumulative income. Results of a series of analyses of covariance revealed that income and partner status did moderate education-based differences on maternal behavior, but in varying ways. The primary results indicated that there were larger group differences based on education among low-income mothers than middle/upper income mothers but for partner status there were larger education-based group differences for partnered mothers than single mothers. For the secondary analyses, group differences based on education were larger for low-income partnered mothers than low-income single mothers. Additionally, there were main effects of cumulative income on maternal behavior, and a significant interaction between education and cumulative income on maternal sensitivity. Post-hoc tests revealed that there were no differences in maternal behavior based on education for mothers who were chronically low-income, whereas there were differences in maternal behavior based on education for mothers who did not experience low-income, or experienced low-income intermittently (i.e., 1, 2, or 3 times). Taken together, the results indicate that education is an important resource to mothers who experience some aspects of socio-demographic stress (i.e., low income), but not among mothers who experience multiple or chronic sources of economic stress."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Download or read book ducation and the Labour Market written by Pavlina Karasiatou and published by Presses univ. de Louvain. This book was released on 2010 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education and work account for the largest period in a person's life. Furthermore, there are strong ties between education and the labour market. This thesis explores the interrelations among them and identifies gains and losses for the individual.
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Download or read book Essays on Maternal Employment and Child Health Outcomes written by Gabriel Wasswa and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Parenting and Child Development written by Abdul Khaleque and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2021-03-08 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research-based book covers the core components of modern parenting and child development across multi-ethnic and cross-cultural contexts in Asia, Africa, Europe, and North and South America, with a focus on the United States. Parenting and Child Development: Across Ethnicity and Culture is based on a cohesive framework that links physical, psychological, social, cognitive, and emotional aspects of children's lives to their experiences of parental behavior. This book covers the fundamentals of parent-child relationships, including the theoretical perspective of parenting, positive and negative parenting behaviors, and changing patterns of parenting from infancy through adolescence. Explored are parent-child relationships and their implications for children's health, well-being, and quality of life in different family forms, including parenting in drug-addicted families, homeless families, cohabiting families, single-parent families, and LGBT families around the world. Using an array of theories with relevant empirical findings, the practical implications for child development both within the United States and across the globe are highlighted. Also included is specific information about tools and techniques for measuring intimate relationships and intervention strategies for relationship problems.
Download or read book Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children.
Download or read book Resources in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
