Download or read book Three essays on corporate investments and debt financing written by Nam Hoang Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Corporate Debt Financing written by Mahsa Somayeh Kaviani and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first of three essays, we study the relationship between corporate debt structures and the strength of creditor rights. Firms use a more concentrated debt-type structure as a reaction mechanism to stronger creditor rights. We show that managers form more concentrated debt structures in response to stronger creditor rights in order to first, reduce bankruptcy costs and second, to provide more monitoring incentives for creditors. Across 46 countries, we document that firms have more concentrated debt-type structures in countries with stronger creditor rights. Based on an examination of the cross-sectional heterogeneity of firms to different creditor rights regimes, we confirm our two proposed mechanisms. This study extends the literature of debt structure to an international setting and is the first to document the effect of cross-country legal and institutional determinants on the choice of debt structures. In the second essay, we investigate how uncertainty about economic policies influence corporate credit spreads. We find a large and positive association between corporate credit spreads and a news-based index of policy uncertainty. We document that a one standard deviation increase in policy uncertainty results in 25 basis points increase in the credit spreads of corporate bonds controlling for bond, firm and macro-economic variables. We find that the influence of policy uncertainty on corporate credit spreads differs across firms and is more pronounced for firms with higher investment irreversibility and dependence on government spending. We also document a larger impact of policy uncertainty during economic recessions. Our results show that not only firm-level default probabilities, but also bond-CDS bases increase in response to elevated policy uncertainty. The third and final essay empirically measures the financial and economic costs (benefits) to firm value associated with deteriorations or improvements in the firm’s credit quality. We document that firms incur economically large and statistically significant costs to their values following credit-rating deteriorations. Consistent with an asymmetric effect, we find significant but smaller firm-value benefits associated with credit-rating upgrades. The financial costs to a firm’s market value associated with each notch downgrade to the investment and speculative grade categories are 7.1% and 14.8%, respectively, and these costs are generally larger than the economic costs to the firm value from credit rating downgrades. Using a continuous KMV distance to default model, we conclude that deteriorations (improvements) in a model-generated credit rating quality can also adversely (positively) affect firm value. Our findings have implications for corporate financing and leverage decisions, and for the unresolved underleverage puzzle (Graham, 2001).

Download or read book Three Essays in Corporate Finance written by Hongchao Zeng and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation contains three essays in corporate finance. In the first essay, using the presence of business combination (BC) laws to proxy for the monitoring strength of the takeover market, we examine how an active takeover market affects the level and valuation of corporate cash holdings. After accounting for potential endogeneity of state incorporation, we find that firms incorporated in states without BC laws hold significantly more cash than those incorporated in states with BC laws. We also find that the value of cash holdings used by firms to defend themselves against unwanted takeovers in the presence of an active takeover market is not discounted by investors. Our findings suggest a substitution effect between legal antitakeover protection and firms' use of cash protection. However, there is no evidence that these cash holdings lead to value destruction. Firms may use corporate payouts to signal internal governance quality and avoid a market discount placed on cash holdings. In the second essay, using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), the industry price-cost margin, the number of firms within an industry, and the level of import penetration to gauge the intensity of product market competition, we find that the speed of capital structure adjustment for firms in competitive industries is significantly faster than for firms in non-competitive industries. Further analysis reveals that this effect is driven solely by the capital structure movements of over-levered firms. While over-levered firms in competitive industries face higher levels of investment needs relative to those in non-competitive industries, they are significantly less likely to use debt financing and to deliberately deviate from target. In the third essay, we find that cash has a negative impact on the future market share growth of the old firms, evidence that can better explain the unwillingness of such firms to hold precautionary cash as they face increasingly more volatile cash flows in an imperfect capital market. Furthermore, we show that the relational strength between cash and product market performance evolves in a way that reflects a changing composition of manufacturing firms which progressively tilts toward young firms.

Download or read book Three Essays in Corporate Finance written by Jeong Hwan Lee and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My model yields the following main results: (1) Equity issues are pro-cyclical, and concentrated for small, low profit, and large investment demand firms in earlier stage of economic upturns. (2) Payouts peak in later stages of upturns and co-move positively with equity issues; (3) Debt policies move counter-cyclically, and leverage ratios after debt issuance and retirement are even higher during economic downturns. My comparative static analysis predicts pro-cyclical debt policy for financially constrained firms, and pervasively conservative use of debt for firms expecting financial market shutdowns, a sharp profitability drop, or a longer stay in economic downturns.

Download or read book Three Essays on Financial Innovation written by Peter Tufano and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions written by Hoang Van Vu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evolution of corporate debt markets in recent decades, especially short-term debt facilities and bank debt, has made funding more accessible for corporate borrowers. On the other hand, the changing environment of debt markets also creates new challenges for corporate borrowers. First, as the debt maturity structure has become shorter, companies face higher liquidity pressure. Second, since banks also increasingly rely on short-term wholesale funding, the maturity mismatch of bank assets and liabilities has widened, further increasing economy-wide liquidity risk. These problems were illustrated by the most recent liquidity crisis that lasted from 2007 to 2009. Understanding the implications of borrowing using short-term debt therefore is crucial for the modern corporate finance. Moreover, the issues regarding the maturity mismatch of the banking sector imply that fluctuations in bank credit might increase, as banks become more sensitive to liquidity constraints. This thesis explores a number of issues regarding the use of short-term debt by non-financial companies, as well as the implications of fluctuations in bank credit for corporate financial and investment policies. The thesis contains three empirical research essays, presented individually in Chapters 2, 3 and 4. The first essay investigates the implications of debt maturity structure on corporate investment activities in the presence of firm specific default risk. The second and the third essays examine the implications of bank credit cycles on corporate activities. Essay 2 studies the effect of bank credit cycles on firms' choice of external financing issues, whereas Essay 3 examines the effect of bank credit on corporate liquidity management policies and the spending on different types of investment.

Download or read book Three Essays in Financial Economics written by Harry Charles DeAngelo and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays in REIT Corporate Finance written by Zhonghua Wu and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Corporate Bonds and Their Impacts on Firms Investment Decisions written by Ming Fang and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Valuation written by Bruno Miguel Calisto Miranda and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on the Strategic Effects of Debt on Firms R D Decisions written by Sungcheon Kang and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays Concerning the Concept of Rentier Interests in the Economy written by G. Grainger Caudle and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in Corporate Finance written by Bruno d Laranjeira and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents two essays in Corporate Finance. In the first essay, I use the August 2007 crisis episode to gauge the effect of financial contracting on real firm behavior. I identify heterogeneity in financial contracting at the onset of the crisis by exploiting ex-ante variation in long-term debt maturity structure. Using a difference-in-differences matching estimator approach, I find that firms whose long-term debt was largely maturing right after the third quarter of 2007 cut their investment-to-capital ratio by 2.5 percentage points more (on a quarterly basis) than otherwise similar firms whose debt was scheduled to mature after 2008. This drop in investment is statistically and economically significant, representing one-third of pre-crisis investment levels. A number of falsification and placebo tests suggest that my inferences are not confounded with other factors. For example, in the absence of a credit contraction, the maturity composition of long-term debt has no effect on investment. Moreover, long-term debt maturity composition had no impact on investment during the crisis for firms for which long-term debt was not a major source of funding. Our analysis highlights the importance of debt maturity for corporate financial policy. More than showing a general association between credit markets and real activity, my analysis shows how the credit channel operates through a specific feature of financial contracting. In the second essay, I analyze how institutional investors choose which Initial Public Offering to invest. Using a sample of IPOs from 1980 to 2004, I show that the reputation of the lead underwriter is the most significant variable in this decision process. Using Carter-Manaster rankings of underwriter reputation, I report that a one point increase in the reputation ranking leads to a 2% increase in institutional investors` holding. Moreover, I test hypotheses about what kind of certification the underwriter is providing. I provide evidence that underwriters certify un-measurable characteristics, in contrast to measurable characteristics, such as those provided in the financial statements of the issuer.

Download or read book Essays in Corporate Finance written by Rachel E. Gordon and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of one chapter studying the information possessed by outside directors before mergers and two chapters related to firms and their advisor relationships. The three essays in my dissertation explore various areas of corporate finance. My first paper titled "Are they in the know? Assessing outside director private information in M&A" examines trades by acquirer outside directors to test whether these directors are informed about upcoming mergers and whether they trade on this information for personal gain. Empirical evidence provides strong support of these hypotheses. Opportunistic trading in pre-merger months by outside directors is associated with the likelihood of a merger announcement and these trades appear correlated with deal quality. Outside directors sell shares before less valuable deals and purchase shares before more value-enhancing ones, suggesting that outside directors use their private information in self-serving ways. This relationship appears to be concentrated in harder to value firms and intensifies when a greater number of outside directors on the board trade in the same direction. Furthermore, there is evidence that this behavior occurs in firms with high levels of CEO power signifying that underlying agency problems may exist for some of these firms. The second essay titled "Why hire your rival? The case of bank debt underwriting," with David Becher and Jennifer Juergens, explores the previously undocumented debt underwriting relationship for financial firms. These firms are unique in that they are the only firms both able and capable of underwriting their own securities issuances. We find, however, that publicly traded investment and commercial banks ("banks") hire a rival in nearly 30% of all their debt issuances from 1979-2014. Further, the use of rivals is not limited to small, low ranked, or commercial banks as large, high quality, or investment banks also tend to engage rivals.Traditional (bank expertise and information sharing) as well as bank-specific (capacity constraints and limited distribution networks) motivations help explain why banks hire a rival. Evidence also suggests that the decision to use a rival to underwrite debt offerings affects fees. Collectively, these results expand our understanding of banks' underwriter choice and show that despite the potential costs, banks pervasively hire their rivals. The last essay titled "Are firm-advisor relationships valuable? A long-term perspective," with David Becher and Jennifer Juergens, examines long-term firm-advisor relations using an extended history of debt, equity, and merger transactions. Hard-to-value firms are more likely to maintain dedicated advisor relations (underwriters or merger advisors). Firms that retain predominantly one advisor over their entire transaction history pay higher underwriting/advisory fees, have inferior deal terms, and have lower analyst coverage relative to those that employ many advisors. When we condition on a firm's information environment as a catalyst for longterm advisor retention, riskier firms obtain better terms when they utilize a variety of advisors, but informationally-opaque firms do not. Our results suggest that only some firms benefit from long-term advisor retention.

Download or read book Three Essays on Empirical Finance written by Yongxian Tan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Intermediary Lending written by Xiaohong Wang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the third part of the study, I examine how shocks to banks' financial conditions impact corporate financing and investment decisions during the 2007-2009 financial crisis. I find that average firms relied more heavily on bank credit during the crisis. However, firms whose banks incurred more nonperforming loans used less bank credit when comparing their bank debt before and during the crisis. The reduction on bank debt weren't replaced by alternative financing such as public debt or trade credit. There is some evidence that shocks on banks eventually affected corporate real activities; firms with more adversely affected banks invested less and hoarded more cash during the crisis compared to their pre-crisis level. Overall, my results suggest that adverse shocks on the banking system can curtail bank lending and negatively affect the real sector.

Download or read book Three Essays on Ownership Issues in Corporate Finance Dissertation written by Yuan Wang and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study consists of three research topics about corporate ownership and financial issues. Existing literature focuses on overall corporate ownership structure. This study extends the existing literature by studying the impacts of different ownership types. Different types of shareholders are different in several key aspects such as investment policies, targets, and risk preference, all of which influence how they execute their screening role over the companies, and are important determinants of firms' decisions. To the extant literature, scholars have employed various perspectives to examine corporate ownership. In this study, I will be focusing on the behavior agency theory, agency theory, and socioemotional wealth theory, in the hope of bringing a more nuanced insight of the impacts of different corporate ownership on financial issues, such as, cost of bank loan, the formation of international joint venture, and CEO turnover. In the first essay, I employ a sample of U.S. public companies between 2007 and 2016 to explore the joint effects of executive inside debt (EID) and family involvement on the cost of bank loans. The empirical results indicate that the mitigating effect of EID on the cost of bank loans is attenuated for family firms. In addition, I provide evidence for the following: 1) the mitigating effect of EID on cost of debt is strengthened when a firm's performance is lower than its aspiration level and 2) the moderating effect of family involvement is significant when firm performance is above its aspiration level. Collectively, our findings support the behavioral agency prediction that family involvement shapes firms' risk-taking preference, which acts as a substitute for EID in decreasing the cost of debt. In the second essay, I examine whether family involvement in business affects firms' engagement in international joint ventures (IJVs). Building on the narrow framing perspective, I argue that family businesses are more prone to utilize risk diversifying strategies over multiple IJV choices than non-family firms, because the family firms' decisions tend to be broadly-framed. Examining the interaction between three IJV decisions (type of IJV, choice of host country, and number of partners) in a sample of 1,439 IJVs formed by publicly traded companies in the US, we found support for our predictions. In the third essay, I explore how institutional holding together with other finance factors affect the likelihood of CEO turnover and whether analyst forecast accuracy serves as a mechanism through which institutional holding influences the likelihood of CEO turnover. I find that increased institutional shareholding results in a lower likelihood of CEO turnover directly as well as indirectly (through the mechanism of analyst forecast accuracy). We also investigate the impact of CEO turnover on subsequent firm performance using market-based measures, including firm value and the cost of equity. Moreover, we examine whether different types of CEO turnover would make a difference on firm value and cost of equity. Our results reveal that after CEO turnover-especially when the previous CEO is forced to leave, and the successor is from outside the company-the firm value is higher, and the cost of equity is lower.