Download or read book Three Essays in Food Consumption and Health Related Issues written by Fuad Mohammed Alagsam and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Food Policy and Health Consumption Patterns written by Elena Castellari and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Food Safety Health and Food Marketing written by Pei Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ensuring the safety and healthfulness of food purchases holds paramount significance for consumers, as it directly impacts not only their physical well-being but also their overall quality of life. Hence, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the factors that shape these choices becomes imperative for the promotion of public health and the prevention of diet-related diseases. This dissertation consists of three essays on food safety, health, and food marketing. It seeks to explore how consumers respond to food recalls, analyze the influence of emerging trends like online grocery shopping, product innovation, and food reformulation on the healthfulness of consumers' food purchases, and ultimately assess their impact on public health outcomes. The first essay examines the heterogeneous impact of various recall information on consumers' perceived health risks and quantifies the overall impact of food recalls on demand. Using the fresh meat market as a case study, this chapter formulates a structural random coefficient discrete choice model of consumer demand using Nielsen Retail Scanner Data from 2012 to 2016. Results show that both the number of recalls and the volume of food recalled have negative and significant effects on the demand. To minimize the negative impact of recalls, the highest priority should be given to preventing large-scale recalls, Class I recalls, product contamination recalls and recalls due to being produced without benefit of inspection or import violation. Food companies should proactively recall when problems arise. The second essay investigates the role of online grocery shopping in mediating the relationship between the food environment and the healthfulness of household food purchases, with a focus on disadvantaged groups. Using Nielsen Consumer Panel Data from 2015 to 2019, this chapter employs fixed effect models with instrument variables to address potential endogeneity associated with the local food environment and the adoption of online grocery shopping. Results suggest that online grocery services may worsen nutrition inequality linked to food environment disparities. Combining online grocery services with local in-store options can lead to improved diet quality. The third essay explores how nutrients, new ingredients, and health claims from product reformulation influence consumer decisions, dietary intake, and population health in the beverage market using a random coefficient discrete choice model and Nielsen Retail Scanner Data from 2015 to 2019. Results find that new ingredients that provide functionality have a significant positive impact on consumer choices. In addition, the use of health claims can significantly increase consumer demand for beverages. Further, the policy aimed at lowering the intake of one single nutrient may have an unintended spillover effect on other nutrient intakes, and policymakers should take a comprehensive approach and consider the broader nutrient impact of any policy aimed at reducing a specific nutrient.

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Food and Health Behavior written by Elizbeth Robison Botkins and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years the `farm to table' trend, the idea of understanding linkages between agricultural supply, food systems, and the food that is consumed, has been growing in popularity. This dissertation takes this idea a step further and examines topics on the progression from `farm to health outcomes.' It is important to recognize not only that food systems impact the way consumers eat, but that those food choices impact health outcomes and the way that medical care is consumed. The three essays of this dissertation examine three separate points along this continuum to improve the understanding of how food systems, food choice, health outcomes, and healthcare consumption interact. The first essay evaluates factors associated with school districts' decisions to participate in farm to school (FTS) programs. I leverage the USDA's Farm to School Census to analyze factors associated with FTS participation, the types of FTS activities implemented, and the challenges faced by participating school districts. I use spatially articulate data to estimate the spatial spillover effects of FTS participation. The results demonstrate that both school characteristics and local farm production factors are associated with FTS participation. The estimated spatial spillover effect is positive, suggesting that areas with a high penetration of FTS activities have lower barriers associated with implementing FTS programs. In my second essay, I shift to evaluating how parent-child pairs make the daily school lunch decision. Meals served in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) are on average more healthful than alternatives, implying that increasing participation in the NSLP can improve nutrition for a large number of children. However, there is little understanding of the household decision process that determines participation in the NSLP. This study uses a parent-child choice experiment to assess the impact of both parent and child on NSLP participation. The results show that both have a significant impact on the chosen meal, where parents are concerned with meal palatability and nutrition, while the child only cares about palatability. The decision is also influenced by the household structure and demographics, and the inclusion of local foods in the school lunch option. My final essay evaluates how access to medical care can impact lifestyle choices. I evaluate if there is an ex ante moral hazard effect in health insurance markets. Ex ante moral hazard occurs when an individual takes on more risk knowing they will not bear the full cost of the consequences. In the case of health insurance, this could mean taking on unhealthful eating habits knowing that if these habits lead to illness the cost of care will be covered by insurance. Using panel data from the National Longitudinal Youth Survey 1997, I find evidence of an ex ante moral hazard effect in BMI, binge drinking, and smoking, suggesting that people take on less healthful behaviors, holding all else constant, when they have health insurance. The existence of ex ante moral hazard suggests that insurance companies can seek efficiency gains by finding ways to structure policies that diminish this moral hazard effect.

Download or read book Three Essays on Household Committed Activities and Diet Quality written by Benjamin Scharadin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity and diabetes are two very important diet-related issues in the U.S. Due to the strong connection between these diseases and diet quality, there is a large body of research investigating the connection between income, the food environment and diet quality. However, despite numerous studies and interventions addressing income and food-environment factors, the diet-quality gap between low-income and high-income households still persists. Therefore, researchers have begun to study the role of household time allocations on diet quality. In particularly, these three essays consider time spent in primary childcare, secondary childcare, adult care, and non-car transportation because 1) these are committed activities, i.e., activities that must be completed given past decisions, and 2) non-food activities may be more easily influenced by policy.In the first essay I consider how the share of a households day spent in childcare (secondary or primary), adult care, non-car transportation, and food-at-home (FAH) activities influence the share of household food expenditure in certain food groups, while in the second essay I consider how the share of time spent in childcare, adult care, and FAH activities affect the households Healthy Eating Index (HEI). In the third essay I switch focus to food away from home (FAFH) and consider how time spent in primary childcare, secondary childcare, adult care, working, and FAH activities affect the probability and frequency of fast-food purchases. In general I find that secondary childcare and adult care are associated with lower diet quality, while primary childcare and FAH activities are associated with higher diet quality. In addition, income and the food environment influence the effect of time spent in these activities.

Download or read book Three Essays on Health and Macronutrient Consumption Among Chinese Adults written by Zhehui Luo and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Consumer Demand Health and Food Environment written by Zefeng Dong and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay 1 investigates whether dietary choice links with physical activity, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and medication usages for these two diseases. To measure consumers dietary choice, this essay employs yearly expenditure shares of six food categories, including fruits and vegetables, snacks and chips, yogurts, regular soft drinks, diet soft drinks and bottled water. The model is Ordinary Least Square models of expenditure share of one food category against physical activity, obesity or type 2 diabetes. Essay 1 finds that the physically active individuals spend more of their grocery budget on fruits and vegetables and yogurts and spend less snacks and chips, regular soft drinks and diet soft drinks on average than the physically inactive ones. The endogeneity of physical activity affects the regression results for some food categories. It also finds that the dietary pattern of obese individuals are less healthy than that of nonobese individuals. However, when considers the usage of medications for obesity and a mixed method for obesity identification (i.e. identify obesity with self-reported survey and BMI 30), the results are mixed. For the model of type 2 diabetes, the expenditure share of a food category is driven by both medication usage and nutrition facts of the food category. Essay 2 investigates the associations between consumer demand on yogurts and physical activity and obesity. I consider a mixed multinomial logit model with random coefficients for price and product attributes. Essay 2 finds that individuals who do exercise some days in a week are the most price sensitive on average, followed by the individuals who do exercise most days in a week and the ones who rarely or never exercise. Physically active individuals, on average, prefer healthy yogurts such as plain yogurts and Greek yogurts. It also finds that the individuals whose BMI 30 (i.e. obese or overweight) are more price sensitive and prefer yogurts with more sugar and protein and less total fat on average than the ones whose BMI

Download or read book Front of Package Nutrition Rating Systems and Symbols written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-01-30 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decade, tremendous growth has occurred in the use of nutrition symbols and rating systems designed to summarize key nutritional aspects and characteristics of food products. These symbols and the systems that underlie them have become known as front-of-package (FOP) nutrition rating systems and symbols, even though the symbols themselves can be found anywhere on the front of a food package or on a retail shelf tag. Though not regulated and inconsistent in format, content, and criteria, FOP systems and symbols have the potential to provide useful guidance to consumers as well as maximize effectiveness. As a result, Congress directed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to undertake a study with the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to examine and provide recommendations regarding FOP nutrition rating systems and symbols. The study was completed in two phases. Phase I focused primarily on the nutrition criteria underlying FOP systems. Phase II builds on the results of Phase I while focusing on aspects related to consumer understanding and behavior related to the development of a standardized FOP system. Front-of-Package Nutrition Rating Systems and Symbols focuses on Phase II of the study. The report addresses the potential benefits of a single, standardized front-label food guidance system regulated by the Food and Drug Administration, assesses which icons are most effective with consumer audiences, and considers the systems/icons that best promote health and how to maximize their use.

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Obesity written by Kathryn E. Parr and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Complete IELTS Bands 5 6 5 Workbook Without Answers with Audio CD written by Mark Harrison and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-01-19 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complete IELTS Bands 5-6.5 Workbook without Answers features 8 topic based units for homework and self-study which cover reading, writing and listening skills, further practise in the grammar and vocabulary taught in the Student's Book and an Audio CD containing all the listening material for the Workbook.

Download or read book Mostly Plants written by Tracy Pollan and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New York Times and USA Today Bestseller "Eat food, not too much, mostly plants." With these seven words, Michael Pollan—brother of Lori, Dana, and Tracy Pollan, and son of Corky—started a national conversation about how to eat for optimal health. Over a decade later, the idea of eating mostly plants has become ubiquitous. But what does choosing "mostly plants" look like in real life? For the Pollans, it means eating more of the things that nourish us, and less of the things that don’t. It means cutting down on the amount of animal protein we consume, rather than eliminating it completely, and focusing on vegetables as the building blocks of our meals. This approach to eating—also known as a flexitarian lifestyle—allows for flavor and pleasure as well as nutrition and sustainability. In Mostly Plants, readers will find inventive and unexpected ways to focus on cooking with vegetables—dishes such as Ratatouille Gratin with Chicken or Vegetarian Sausage; Crispy Kale and Potato Hash with Fried Eggs; Linguine with Spinach and Golden Garlic Breadcrumbs; and Roasted Tomato Soup with Gruyere Chickpea "Croutons". Like any family, the Pollans each have different needs and priorities: two are vegetarian; several are cooking for a crowd every night. In Mostly Plants, readers will find recipes that satisfy all of these dietary needs, and can also be made vegan. And the best part: many of these dishes can be on the table in 35 minutes or less! With skillet-to-oven recipes, sheet pan suppers, one pot meals and more, this is real cooking for real life: meals that are wholesome, flavorful, and mostly plant based.

Download or read book Current Catalog written by National Library of Medicine (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.

Download or read book Three Essays on modeling Household Food Purchase Behaviors written by Shengfei Fu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three essays investigating household food purchase behaviors, focusing on modeling household binary purchase choices and expenditure decisions. The findings reveal factors that are influential on the formation of healthy and/or unhealthy dietary choices and provide insights for producers, retailers, and public health policymakers. The first essay proposes a new estimator for multivariate binary response data, a data feature of growing interest in the study of consumer behavior. This study considers binary responses as being generated from a truncated multivariate discrete distribution. The new estimator is shown to have attractive properties through Monto Carlo simulations and empirical applications. Comparisons are made to the traditional multivariate probit model. Because multivariate binary response modeling is frequently required in areas such as marketing, household behavior, crop selection, and conservation practices, among others, findings are of interest to both econometricians and practitioners. The second essay investigates the effects of demographic and socio-economic factors as well as outmigration, a special issue in Poland, on the consumption of tobacco and alcohol. This study takes advantage of second-hand survey data collected from a household panel by Poland's Main Statistical Office (GUS) that is not publicly available. Due to the addictive nature of tobacco and alcohol, this study uses a censored system to model the correlated consumption of tobacco and alcohol. Findings provide insights for the reduction and prevention of tobacco and alcohol use. The third essay provides a holistic profile of fresh produce choices and expenditures, including expenditure on fresh produce, frequency of purchase, variety of selection, and use of deals and coupons. A profile of consumers by consumer group was developed using 2014 Nielsen Homescan panel. This study intends to present a holistic picture of consumer disadvantage in terms of fresh produce consumption and take an all-inclusive approach so as to seek out commodities as well differences in fresh produce shopping behaviors across four consumer groups.

Download or read book The Unity of Worlds and of Nature Three Essays Second Edition Enlarged written by Baden Powell and published by . This book was released on 1856 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Participation in and Effects of US Food Assistance Programs written by Yiting Lan (Ph. D. in consumer sciences) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, many American families did not have enough food to meet their needs. In the most recent Household Food Security Report by the USDA ERS, about 10.5% of households in the U.S., 13.7 million households, experienced food insecurity at some time in 2019. Among those food-insecure households, about 58% were enrolled in at least one of the three largest federal nutrition assistance programs: the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly named food stamps); the Special Supplemental Nutrition, Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC); and the National School Lunch Program. These federal nutrition assistance programs play important roles in improving access to adequate and healthy food. In this dissertation, I study specific aspects of the SNAP and WIC programs. In the first chapter, I briefly introduce this dissertation's objectives, summarize the methods and data I use to achieve these objectives, and highlight key results. The second through fourth chapters provide the additional details and focus on either SNAP or WIC. In the second chapter, I expand on previous work by examining the impact of a SNAP benefits change on food consumption. Previous research provides evidence that SNAP benefits' rise has a positive impact on food-at-home and some non-food expenditures. However, the impact of the change in SNAP benefits on expenditures on specific food categories has yet to be examined. I use a national level expenditure survey with a difference-in-difference method to examine the effect of SNAP benefits increase and decrease on food expenditure. The results provide evidence that SNAP benefits rise in 2009 caused SNAP recipients to increase expenditure on food-at-home, fruits, vegetables, non-alcohol beverage, and dairy. The cut of benefits in 2013 caused SNAP recipients to decrease the expenditures on sweets. The third chapter provides details on WIC enrolment and redemption rates in Ohio. The Ohio Department of Health provided data for this chapter. The study is an exploratory analysis of enrollment and redemption of WIC in Ohio at the county level. I find a decreasing trend of both WIC enrollment and redemption rate in Ohio from 2016 to 2018 and use a county-level fixed effects model to show the negative relationship between WIC enrollment rate over time, WIC redemption rate over time. The fourth chapter continues with the impact of WIC. The study uses the same administrative data as Chapter 3 and investigates the impact of time length that children stay in WIC on their health outcomes: number of risk conditions and BMI percentile, with an individual fixed-effects model. The study expands the previous research by using time as a source of exogenous variation, using administrative clinic data instead of survey data to prove WIC's positive impact on children's health assessments. This work adds to the overall understanding of two federal nutrition assistance programs: SNAP and WIC. This dissertation's results document the effect of SNAP on food expenditure, the impact of WIC on health outcomes, and the enrollment and redemption in Ohio. On the one hand, the positive impact of nutrition assistance programs is documented. On the other hand, the decreasing trend of WIC enrollment and redemption is a serious problem to consider.

Download or read book Food Consumption and the Body in Contemporary Women s Fiction written by Sarah Sceats and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-04-20 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study explores the subtle and complex significance of food and eating in contemporary women's fiction. Sarah Sceats reveals how preoccupations with food, its consumption and the body are central to the work of writers such as Doris Lessing, Angela Carter, Margaret Atwood, Michèle Roberts and Alice Thomas Ellis. Through close analysis of their fiction, Sceats examines the multiple metaphors associated with these themes, making powerful connections between food and love, motherhood, sexual desire, self identity and social behaviour. The activities surrounding food and its consumption (or non-consumption) embrace both the most intimate and the most thoroughly public aspects of our lives. The book draws on psychoanalytical, feminist and sociological theory to engage with a diverse range of issues, including chapters on cannibalism and eating disorders. This lively study demonstrates that feeding and eating are not simply fundamental to life but are inseparable from questions of gender, power and control.

Download or read book Essays in Development and Health Economics written by Tadeja Gracner and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation combines three projects, each analyzing how markets or individuals respond to different policy or environmental changes in low and middle income countries. Each study theoretically motivates the hypotheses of interest and combines novel data from a wide range of sources to test them. The first chapter examines the role of prices of foods, rich in different nutrients in the obesity and diet-related disease epidemic in Mexico. In response to the growing epidemic of obesity and diet-related chronic diseases, a number of governments are proposing taxes designed to reduce the consumption of unhealthy foods and thereby improve health outcomes. In this paper, I provide the first estimates of the effects of price changes of foods rich in sugar on the prevalence of obesity and diet-related chronic diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension. The analysis is made possible by rich longitudinal and nationally representative micro data on food prices and objective measures of health outcomes in Mexico for the period 1996-2010. I employ a unique bar-coded level price dataset with product-specific nutritional information combined with two datasets on health outcomes: (1) a state-level administrative dataset and (2) an individual panel dataset. Exploiting plausibly exogenous within-state variation in prices over time, I show that a decrease in the price of sugar-rich foods significantly increases the prevalence of abdominal obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. In addition, the least healthy and most impatient individuals seem to be more responsive to price changes, suggesting that time preferences are an important mechanism driving the results. Overall, the effect of sugar prices on the incidence of chronic diseases is large. Since the signing of NAFTA, I estimate that the reduction in prices of sugar-rich foods explains 20 percent of the increase in diabetes. The second chapter, joint work with Paul J. Gertler, identifies how junk food and soda taxes are passed through to consumer prices. I use a unique bar-code level price dataset with product-specific nutritional information and the introduction of junk food and soda taxes in Mexico in January 2014 to assess whether and how the excess tax burden is split between consumers and producers. Preliminary results suggests that pass-through is the strongest for sodas, followed by snacks, candy and cakes. For these products a full pass-through materializes within six months after the introduction of the tax. On average, the tax is not fully passed through to consumer prices in the case of cereal and cookies. However, the pass through is increasing over time for the latter, reaching a full pass-through by May 2014. We also observe large variation in pass-through across cities - from over to under shifting; hence observing decreases in consumer prices as well. Using price elasticities of health from Gracner (2015), a one time introduction of junk food and soda taxes in Mexico would imply approximately one and a half percentage point decrease in abdominal obesity and between a quarter to one half of a percentage point decrease in type II diabetes prevalence, under the assumption of a symmetric response to a price change. The third chapter, based on joint work with Paul J. Gertler, Marco Gonzalez-Navarro, and Alex D. Rothenberg, provides evidence of the effects of road quality on local economic activity using temporal variation generated by maintenance investments in roads. A long panel of firms and households allows us to shed light on the effects of road quality for pre-existing households and firms. Methodologically, we propose a new road quality instrument using a nationwide panel dataset of road surface roughness to predict road quality from temporal variation in budgets exogenously allocated to different road maintenance authorities. We first show that higher road network quality improves household consumption and income. We then show that this is partly due to job creation in the manufacturing sector. Third, we show evidence of an occupational shift from agriculture into manufacturing and higher profits for those who stay in agriculture. The gap in average income between agriculture and manufacturing employment is reduced with road quality but not eliminated. Because wages in the manufacturing sector do not change with road quality the results are consistent with dual labor markets in Indonesia.