Download or read book Third Harmonic Utilization in Permanent Magnet Machines written by Kai Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-29 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the utilization of harmonics in the permanent magnet (PM) or rotor shape to improve the torque density of PM brushless AC machines including three-phase inner rotor and outer rotor machines, five-phase machines, dual three-phase machines, linear machines, by means of analytical, finite element analyses, and as well as experimental validation. The torque density can be improved while the torque ripple remains low in PM shaping utilizing the 3rd harmonic. In this book, the analytical expression of output torque is derived for PM machines with rotor shape using the 3rd harmonic, and then the optimal 3rd harmonic for maximizing torque is analytically obtained. The book compares the PM shape in surface-mounted PM (SPM) machines and the rotor lamination shape in interior PM (IPM) machines utilizing the 3rd harmonic, and it becomes clear that their shaping methods and amount of torque improvement are different. In a five-phase PM machine, the 3rd harmonic can be utilized in both the current waveform and PM shapes to further improve the output torque. For the dual three-phase SPM machines without deteriorating the torque more than 30% when the optimal 3rd harmonic into both the current and PM shape are injected. The harmonics in airgap flux density have significant influence on the cogging torque, stator iron flux distribution, and radial force between the rotor and stator. These effects has been investigated as well in this book.

Download or read book Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines written by Sandra Eriksson and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-08-20 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) is continuously increasing worldwide, especially with the increased use of renewable energy and the electrification of transports. This book contains the successful submissions of fifteen papers to a Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines”. The focus is on permanent magnet synchronous machines and the electrical systems they are connected to. The presented work represents a wide range of areas. Studies of control systems, both for permanent magnet synchronous machines and for brushless DC motors, are presented and experimentally verified. Design studies of generators for wind power, wave power and hydro power are presented. Finite element method simulations and analytical design methods are used. The presented studies represent several of the different research fields on permanent magnet machines and electric drives.

Download or read book Control of Current Harmonics in Dual Three phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Systems written by Luocheng Yan and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optimization of multiphase permanent magnet synchronous machines on system level with reduced losses written by Dhamodaran. Nidhesh and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The requirements of an electrical machine (EM) in Electric- (EV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) are high power density, a stator and rotor field with low harmonic content and best acoustic behavior. Six-phase permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) have significant benefits over conventional three-phase PMSMs, such as reduced current per inverter phase leg, less fundamental losses because of a better winding factor and increased fault tolerance. Despite their advantages, considering the same installation space, the torque per ampere increase of a six-phase PMSM is very marginal. Therefore, the main focus of this dissertation lies in increasing the power density of the multiphase electric drive, where optimizations and investigations are done on a system level. System level simulation models, which consist of the power electronics, different control strategies and the electrical machines are developed and studied. Considering the electrical and mechanical phase shift between the two three-phase winding sets, different winding concepts of the sixphase EM are developed, in an effort to gain a better understanding of their advantages and disadvantages. Detailed analyses are performed, in order to understand the sources and influences of the space harmonics and high frequency inverter-induced time harmonics on the losses and performance of the EM. In particular, this dissertation will examine the EM torque, iron losses, magnet losses and copper losses for both inverter switched currents and sinusoidal currents supply.

Download or read book Use of third harmonic flux to improve performance of reluctance motor written by Shy-Shenq Power Liou and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Design and Analysis of Sculpted Rotor Interior Permanent Magnet Machines written by Steven Lee Hayslett and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design of interior permanent magnet electrical machines is complex. Interior permanent magnet machines offer a good balance of cost, efficiency, and torque/power density. Maximum torque and power production of an interior permanent magnet machine is achieved through balancing design choices related to the permanent magnet and salient features. The embedded magnet within the salient structure of the rotor lamination results in an increase in harmonic content. In addition, interaction of the armature, control angle, and rotor reluctance structure creates additional harmonic content. These harmonics result in increased torque ripple, radial forces, losses, and other unwanted phenomena. Further improvements in torque and power density, and techniques to minimize harmonics, are necessary. Typical interior permanent magnet machine design results at the maximum torque per amp condition are at neither the maximum magnet nor maximum salient torque, but at the best combination of the two. The use of rotor surface features to align the magnet and the reluctance axis allows for improvement of torque and power density. Reduction of flux and torque harmonics is also possible through careful design of rotor sculpt features that are included at or near the surface of the rotor. Finite element models provide high fidelity and accurate results to machine performance but do not give insight into the relationship between design parameters and performance. Winding factor models describe the machine with a set of Fourier series equations, providing access to the harmonic information of both parameters and performance. Direct knowledge of this information provides better insight, a clear understanding of interactions, and the ability to develop a more efficient design process. A new analytical winding function model of the single-V IPM machine is introduced, which considers the sculpted rotor and how this model can be used in the design approach of machines.Rotor feature trends are established and utilized to increase design intuition and reduce dependency upon the lengthy design of experiment optimization processes. The shape and placement of the rotor features, derived from the optimization process, show the improvement in torque average and torque ripple of the IPM machine.

Download or read book Suppression of Harmonic Torque and Harmonic Current in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor written by Nezar Y. Abou Qamar and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation harmonic current, harmonic torque originated at the load and harmonic torque originated at the motor, where modeled and treated via closed loop control. The dissertation propose a remedy for canceling harmonic current by placing the proposed adaptive feedforward controller (AFC) in parallel with the FOC current control. Similarly, harmonic torque load was canceled by proposing an AFC in parallel with the speed control loop. Harmonic torque originated in the motor mainly due to harmonic flux where canceled through the estimation of harmonic flux, which was achieved by a novel Minimal Parameter Harmonic Flux Estimator (MPHFE). The latter is formulated such that the inductance, resistance, and stator current and its derivative are not necessary for the estimation of the harmonic eflux. This was achieved by forcing the harmonic current induced by the harmonic flux component to zero through the combined action of a Field-Oriented Controller (FOC) and a feed-forward controller. Subsequently, the harmonic flux can be obtained directly from the estimated harmonic back-EMF without the involvement of other motor parameters. Finally, the estimated flux is used in conjunction with a comprehensive analysis of the motor harmonic torque to determine the stator current compensation to eliminate the torque harmonic. A systematic approach to assign the parameter of the AFC controller were developed in this dissertation. Furthermore, multiple experiments were conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control schemes harmonics.

Download or read book Variable Speed Generators written by Ion Boldea and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-09-03 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Variable Speed Generators, the second of two volumes in the Electric Generators Handbook, provides extensive coverage of variable speed generators in distributed generation and renewable energy applications around the world. The book delves into the steady state, transients, control, and design of claw-pole-rotor synchronous, induction, permanent-magnet-(PM)-assisted synchronous, and switched reluctance starter alternators for electric hybrid vehicles. It discusses PM synchronous, transverse flux PM, and flux reversal PM generators for low-speed wind and hydro energy conversion. It also explores linear motion alternators for residential and spacecraft applications. Numerous design and control examples illustrate the exposition. Fully revised and updated to reflect the last decade’s worth of progress in the field, this Second Edition adds new sections that: Address the ride-through control of doubly fed induction generators under unbalanced voltage sags Consider the control of stand-alone doubly fed induction generators under unbalanced nonlinear loads Detail a stand-alone squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) with AC output and a low-rating pulse-width modulated (PWM) converter Present a twin stator winding SCIG with 50 percent rating inverter and diode rectifier, and a dual stator winding induction generator with nested cage rotor Examine interior permanent magnet claw-pole-alternator systems for more vehicle braking energy recuperation, and high power factor Vernier PM generators Depict a PM-assisted reluctance synchronous motor/generator for an electric hybrid vehicle, and a double stator switched reluctance generator with segmented rotor Describe the grid to stand-alone transition motion-sensorless dual-inverter control of permanent magnet synchronous generators with asymmetrical grid voltage sags and harmonics filtering The promise of renewable, sustainable energy rests on our ability to design innovative power systems that are able to harness energy from a variety of sources. Variable Speed Generators, Second Edition supplies state-of-the-art tools necessary to design, validate, and deploy the right power generation technologies to fulfill tomorrow's complex energy needs.

Download or read book Permanent Magnet Synchronous and Brushless DC Motor Drives written by Ramu Krishnan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite two decades of massive strides in research and development on control strategies and their subsequent implementation, most books on permanent magnet motor drives still focus primarily on motor design, providing only elementary coverage of control and converters. Addressing that gap with information that has largely been disseminated only in journals and at conferences, Permanent Magnet Synchronous and Brushless DC Motor Drives is a long-awaited comprehensive overview of power electronic converters for permanent magnet synchronous machines and control strategies for variable-speed operation. It introduces machines, power devices, inverters, and control, and addresses modeling, implementation, control strategies, and flux weakening operations, as well as parameter sensitivity, and rotor position sensorless control. Suitable for both industrial and academic audiences, this book also covers the simulation, low cost inverter topologies, and commutation torque ripple of PM brushless DC motor drives. Simulation of the motor drives system is illustrated with MATLAB® codes in the text. This book is divided into three parts—fundamentals of PM synchronous and brushless dc machines, power devices, inverters; PM synchronous motor drives, and brushless dc motor drives. With regard to the power electronics associated with these drive systems, the author: Explores use of the standard three-phase bridge inverter for driving the machine, power factor correction, and inverter control Introduces space vector modulation step by step and contrasts with PWM Details dead time effects in the inverter, and its compensation Discusses new power converter topologies being considered for low-cost drive systems in PM brushless DC motor drives This reference is dedicated exclusively to PM ac machines, with a timely emphasis on control and standard, and low-cost converter topologies. Widely used for teaching at the doctoral level and for industrial audiences both in the U.S. and abroad, it will be a welcome addition to any engineer’s library.

Download or read book The Electric Generators Handbook 2 Volume Set written by Ion Boldea and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-11-16 with total page 993 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The modern world hungers for electricity. Traditionally, this hunger was sated with predominantly constant-speed-regulated, synchronous generators. However, new demands require the stable, quick, and efficient delivery and control offered by variable-speed generators. Surveying all of the technologies used to satisfy the world's demand for o

Download or read book Electric Generators Handbook Two Volume Set written by Ion Boldea and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 1100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric Generators Handbook, Second Edition: Two-Volume Set supplies state-of-the-art tools necessary to design, validate, and deploy the right power generation technologies to fulfill tomorrow's complex energy needs. The first volume, Synchronous Generators, explores large- and medium-power synchronous generator topologies, steady state, modeling, transients, control, design, and testing. Numerous case studies, worked-out examples, sample results, and illustrations highlight the concepts. Fully revised and updated to reflect the last decade’s worth of progress in the field, the Second Edition adds coverage of high-power wind generators with fewer or no PMs, PM-assisted DC-excited salient pole synchronous generators, autonomous synchronous generators’ control, line switching parameter identification for isolated grids, synthetic back-to-back load testing with inverter supply, and more. The second volume, Variable Speed Generators, provides extensive coverage of variable speed generators in distributed generation and renewable energy applications around the world. Numerous design and control examples illustrate the exposition. Fully revised and updated to reflect the last decade’s worth of progress in the field, the Second Edition adds material on doubly fed induction generator control under unbalanced voltage sags and nonlinear loads, interior permanent magnet claw-pole-alternator systems, high power factor Vernier PM generators, PM-assisted reluctance synchronous motors/generators for electric hybrid vehicles, and more.

Download or read book Utilization of Third Harmonic Voltages in DC Power Generation written by Alfredo Muñoz García and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drives written by Zi Qiang Zhu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-12-19 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive resource providing basic principles and state-of-the art developments in sensorless control technologies for permanent magnet synchronous machine drives Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drives highlights the global research achievements over the last three decades and the sensorless techniques developed by the authors and their colleagues, and covers sensorless control techniques of permanent magnet machines, discussing issues and solutions. Many worked application examples are included to aid in practical understanding of concepts. Written by two pioneering authors in the field, Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drives covers sample topics such as: Permanent magnet brushless AC and DC drives Single three-phase, dual three-phase, and open winding machines Modern control theory based sensorless methods, covering model reference adaptive system, sliding mode observer, extended Kalman filter, and model predictive control Flux-linkage and back-EMF based methods for non-salient machines, and active flux-linkage and extended back-EMF methods for salient machines Pulsating and rotating high frequency sinusoidal and square wave signal injection methods with current or voltage response, at different reference frames, and selection of amplitude and frequency for injection signal Sensorless control techniques based on detecting third harmonic or zero-crossings of back-EMF waveforms Parasitic effects in fundamental and high frequency models, impacts on position estimation, and compensation schemes, covering cross-coupling magnetic saturation, load effect, machine saliency and multiple saliencies, inverter non-linearities, voltage and current harmonics, parameter asymmetries, and parameter mismatches Techniques for rotor initial position estimation, magnetic polarity detection, and transition between low and high speeds Describing basic principles, examples, challenges, and practical solutions, Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drives is a highly comprehensive resource on the subject for professionals working on electrical machines and drives, particularly permanent magnet machines, and researchers working on electric vehicles, wind power generators, household appliances, and industrial automation.

Download or read book Torque Characterization of Permanent Magnet and Synchronous Reluctance Machines written by Chirag Desai and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The characterization of an electric machine can be evaluated using different available machine design and analysis softwares prior to manufacturing. These machine design softwares are either Finite Element Analysis (FEA) based or analytical model based. Each design software formulates and solves the machine design problem differently. Therefore, there is always a discrepancy in the results obtained from each of these softwares. The expertise of the user also affects the outcome of the analysis. Moreover, the desired performance of a machine is highly influenced by the manufacturing and assembly process of its various components. Hence, it is extremely important to characterize the design and performance of a special machine in different machine design softwares before and after fabrication. To validate the design methodologies, the accuracy of FEA softwares, machine models, as well as the manufacturing and assembly process, a comparative analysis should be performed between the results obtained from the software and experimental characterizations. In this thesis, the characterization of a variable-flux permanent magnet machine, synchronous reluctance machines (SynRMs), and a novel interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with improved torque utilization, is presented. Three different machine design softwares, namely MotorSolve, MagNet, and MagneForce are used to characterize the machines. This thesis initially presents the characterization of a 7.5 hp variable-flux permanent magnet machine. The back emf, magnet flux linkage, torque-angle, and core loss characterization is carried out for this machine. An error band is introduced for the experimental torque-angle curves. This error band contains the tolerance and resolution of the torque transducer and conditioner. Additionally, an analytical model is implemented to estimate the core losses in the prototyped variable-flux PM machine. The results obtained from software and experimental characterizations show an acceptable agreement. A comprehensive manufacturing and assembly process of the SynRMs for rapid prototyping is also presented in this thesis. The application of nonconventional photochemical machining process to produce the SynRM laminations is described. In addition, various stages of manufacturing, stator and rotor assembly techniques, rotor balancing procedure as well as specialized components used at various stages of the process are also presented. To validate the accuracy of the design and fabrication, the characterization of three SynRMs is then performed. This consists of static torque-angle characterization, inductance characterization, and dynamic characterization. An error band is also included for the experimental torque-angle curves. A regenerative dynamometer test system is developed to perform various static and dynamic characterizations. This test setup is equipped with a real-time supervisory controller as well as measurement and monitoring instruments. Finally, a novel interior PMSM topology with improved torque utilization to reduce magnet volume is characterized. The no-load back emf and static torque-angle are simulated and measured. A search coil based advance instrumentation system to monitor the machine's parameters is discussed. The design, manufacturing, and implementation of the search coils to measure flux density in the stator of the novel interior PMSM are also discussed. For every characterization, a comparative analysis is performed to validate the design methodologies, accuracy of FEA softwares, machine models, manufacturing, and assembly process.

Download or read book Electromagnetic Fields in Electrical Engineering written by Andrzej Krawczyk and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes contributions on: field theory and advanced computational electromagnetics; electrical machines and transformers; optimization and interactive design; electromagnetics in materials; coupled field and electromagnetic components in mechatronics; induction heating systems; bioelectromagnetics; and electromagnetics in education.

Download or read book Stray Magnetic Flux Based Condition Monitoring Techniques for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors written by Vigneshwaran Gurusamy and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) are widely used in various applications from home appliances to electric vehicles due to its advantages like high efficiency, high power density etc. The market share of this type of motor is increasing significantly in the recent decade. In order to ensure their reliable operation in safety critical system, condition monitoring tools are essential. The effective fault diagnosis and condition monitoring system reduces downtime and unplanned maintenance which saves both time and money. Though several motor attributes like current, vibration, temperature etc. can be used for diagnosis of health condition of an electric motor, stray magnetic flux around the motor housing has rich information about the health status of PM motors due to the use of high energy magnets. This dissertation presents condition monitoring techniques which are developed to address three major issues in PMSM. Stator fault is the most common electrical fault which begins as an inter-turn failure. It is essential to identify this failure at its initial stage to prevent the catastrophic damage caused by stator fault. It is shown that the fundamental component of stray magnetic flux may result in fault negative error under certain operating conditions. To overcome this problem, third harmonic component is analyzed comprehensively and proposed as a reliable fault metric throughout the entire range of operation to detect and locate the fault. Secondly, the common mechanical fault in electrical motors, bearing damage is studied. It is shown that the magnetic field of PM motors exhibit asymmetry due to the manufacturing imperfections of magnet. A stray magnetic flux-based bearing fault detection method is proposed by leveraging this asymmetry. The proposed method is analyzed extensively in both simulations and experiments. A comparative study between motor current based detection and the proposed method is also performed. In the last part of the research, a stray magnetic flux based the temperature estimation of permanent magnet is proposed. The stray magnetic flux around the motor can be correlated to the magnet temperature. However, it also is affected by the permeability variation of iron core and magnetic field generated by the stator current. A compensation co-efficient is proposed to compensate the mentioned effects and obtain the permanent magnet component of stray magnetic flux from the measured data. Then the proposed scheme is adopted to estimate the temperature of magnets online under dynamic operating conditions.

Download or read book Field Oriented Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor with Third harmonic Injection Pulse Width Modulation to Reduce Quadrotors Speed Ripples written by Yuxi Shi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world’s commercial unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) industry has witnessed unprecedented boom in recent years. Delighted with an ample supply of this excellent high-tech product, global consumers are paying more attention on UAVs. Civilian UAVs now vastly outnumber military ones, with the estimate of over a million sold by 2016. An UAV has various degrees of autonomy as enabled by the use and precise control of motors. Traditional Direct Current (DC) motors are replaced by permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) associated with the new power electronic inverters. Because of a PMSM’s higher power density than a DC motor, it reduces the rotor losses, thus improving its efficiency. The other improvement comes from the advanced control methods. The simple drive system based on a DC motor with open-loop control is outdated. High frequency switches in power electronic inverters offer an opportunity to change motor input voltage values and frequencies faster than ever before. Vector control approaches are employed with closed-loop feedback control, which brings high precision and good dynamics. Integrated inverter-motor drive systems are in progress. This thesis focuses on how to control PMSM installed in the UVAs with a high performance of dynamic response and fewer speed ripples. Field Oriented Control (FOC) is one type of vector controls to control a PMSM in a quadrotor. FOC of PMSM and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) are introduced. The simulation results of FOC of PMSM with third-harmonic injection PWM and traditional FOC are compared. This comparison proves that FOC of PMSM with third-harmonic injection provides a better dynamic response for a quadrotor’s movement in vertical direction. In addition, since PWM is helpful to reduce the speed ripples, PMSM has a better steady-state response during operations.