Download or read book Thinning Experiments in Norway Spruce with Future Crop Trees written by Peter Abetz and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biology and Ecology of Norway Spruce written by Mark G. Tjoelker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-29 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a concise and comprehensive review of the biology, ecology, and management of Norway spruce. Written by 25 experts in the field, and richly illustrated, it integrates classic and contemporary literature. More than 2000 works are cited in the text, which highlights basic research and forestry practices in central and Eastern Europe. The huge range of topics covered includes the species’ morphology, its physiology and nutrition, and its ecology.
Download or read book Forest Dynamics Growth and Yield written by Hans Pretzsch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-19 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to improve the understanding of forest dynamics and the sustainable management of forest ecosystems. How do tree crowns, trees or entire forest stands respond to thinning in the long term? What effect do tree species mixtures and multi-layering have on the productivity and stability of trees, stands or forest enterprises? How do tree and stand growth respond to stress factors such as climate change or air pollution? Furthermore, in the event that one has acquired knowledge about the effects of thinning, mixture and stress, how can one make that knowledge applicable to decision-making in forestry practice? The experimental designs, analytical methods, general relationships and models for answering questions of this kind are the focus of this book. Given the structures dealt with, which range from plant organs to the tree, stand and enterprise levels, and the processes analysed in a time frame of days or months to decades or even centuries, this book is directed at all readers interested in trees, forest stands and forest ecosystems. This work has been compiled for students, scientists, lecturers, forest planners, forest managers, and consultants.
Download or read book Sustainable management of logged tropical forests in the Caribbean to ensure long term productivity written by Gräfe, S., Köhl, M., Eckelmann, C.M., Bremner, Q., Oatham, M., Pacheco, R., Playfair, M., Shono, K. and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-09-01 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To facilitate sustainable management of logged forests in the Caribbean, forest authorities of Belize, Guyana, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago, jointly with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the University of Hamburg as a scientific partner, implemented the regional project “Ensuring Long-Term Productivity of Lowland Tropical Forests in the Caribbean” financed by the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture. The main objective of the project was to support the sustainable management of logged forests to maintain productivity and prevent further degradation. For this purpose, extensive field studies were conducted in the project countries, which resulted in silvicultural recommendations presented in this publication. The project findings revealed that the application of general sustainable forest management protocols for tropical production forests that set limits on harvesting does not necessarily ensure sustained productivity if the composition and management of the residual stand are not considered. The ratio of the number of harvested trees to the remaining future crop trees can provide a simple indicator of the sustainability of harvest. If the current harvest exceeds the number of future crop trees, the harvest is not sustainable. As a rule of thumb, at least one, preferably two future crop trees per harvested tree should be retained for future use. Protection of future crop trees can be a simple and practical approach to prevent high grading and degradation of the forest growing stock. The importance of reduced impact logging to reduce unnecessary damage to the future crop trees and for sustainable forest management, in general, is stressed.
Download or read book Sustainable Forest Management written by Julio J. Diez and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-05-23 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable forest management (SFM) is not a new concept. However, its popularity has increased in the last few decades because of public concern about the dramatic decrease in forest resources. The implementation of SFM is generally achieved using criteria and indicators (C
Download or read book Proceedings written by Alberta. Alberta Environmental Protection and published by Alberta, Environmental Protection c1999.. This book was released on 1999 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spruce Monocultures in Central Europe written by Emil Klimo and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thinning in the Maine Forest written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Thinning Systems to Reduce Stand Damages written by International Union of Forestry Research Organizations. Project Group P4.02--Economics and Harvesting of Thinnings and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Principles of Forest Yield Study written by Ernst Assmann and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Principles of Forest Yield Study: Studies in the Organic Production, Structure, Increment and Yield of Forest Stands reviews the progress that has been made in the field of forest yield studies, especially those concerning the organic production, structure, increment, and yield of forest stands. Topics covered include woody growth as part of the total produce of plant societies; growth and form of forest trees; constitution and development of stands; and forest stand structure, increment, and yield in relation to silvicultural treatment. This book is divided into five sections and begins with an overview of the history of forest yield studies, as well as the place of forest yield theory in forest science. Research objectives and methods employed in forest yield studies are outlined. The discussion then turns to the interactions between soil, climate and plant production; the social structure of tree crops; growth performance of tree crops in relation to site; and disturbances in the normal trend of increment. The use of fertilizers for amelioration and treatment of forest soils are discussed from the standpoint of yield studies. This monograph will be a useful resource for practitioners in forestry, the natural sciences, plant physiology, soil science, and meteorology.
Download or read book Norway Spruce Conversion Options and Consequences written by Heinrich Spiecker and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up to the end of the 19th century, many European forests suffered from devastation and soil deterioration, which caused fears of timber shortage. In order to counteract this possible shortage, many forest areas were reforested with coniferous tree species, especially Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst). Consequently, coniferous forests (often Norway spruce forests), consisting of trees of the same age, were established on many sites naturally dominated by broadleaves. As a result, damages caused by storm, snow, ice, drought, insects, fungi and possibly soil degradation seemed to occur more frequently in these secondary Norway spruce forests than in forests consisting of species better adapted to the ambient conditions. Conversion of Norway spruce stands may reduce these risks and upgrade biodiversity and the genetic potential of forests. As the economic results of forestry, future wood markets and various other goods and services that are provided to society by forest ecosystems, are affected by present and future decision-making, all aspects of conversion must be well understood. EFI's Regional Project Centre, CONFOREST, is continuously striving to improve implementation of conversion projects by consolidation of the expertise available in all forestry disciplines. This book comprises the findings in all conversion-related areas aiming to consider ecosystem needs while ensuring availability of silvicultural methods and operational feasibility of their implementation. Simultaneously, the cost-effectiveness of conversion scenarios is analysed by forestry economists. Since a change in public perception and ecological awareness may cause policy makers to either or not endorse further conversion efforts, input by experts in forestry politics is also provided.
Download or read book Continuous Cover Forestry written by Timo Pukkala and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-14 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the majority of the world’s forest ecosystems are dominated by uneven-sized multi-species stands, forest management practice and theory has focused on the development of plantation monocultures to maximize the supply of timber at low cost. Societal expectations are changing, however, and uneven-aged multi-species ecosystems, selectively managed as Continuous Cover Forestry (CCF), are often believed to be superior to monocultures in addressing a wide range of expectations. This book presents methods which are relevant to CCF management and planning: analysing forest structures, silvicultural and planning, economic evaluation, based on examples in Europe, Asia, Africa and North and South America.
Download or read book Dynamics Silviculture and Management of Mixed Forests written by Andrés Bravo-Oviedo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The capacity of mixed forests to mitigate climate change effects by increasing resilience and lowering risks is pinpointed as an opportunity to highlight the role of tree species rich forests as part of complex socio-ecological systems. This book updates and presents the state-of-the-art of mixed forest performance in terms of regeneration, growth, yield and delivery of ecosystem services. Examples from more than 20 countries in Europe, North Africa and South America provide insights on the interplay between structure and functionining, stability, silviculture and optimization of management of this type of forests. The book also analyses the role of natural mixed forests and mixed plantations in the delivery of ecosystem services and the best modelling strategy to study mixed forest dynamics. The book is intended to serve as a reference tool for students, researchers and professionals concerned about the management of mixed forests in a context of social and environmental change.
Download or read book Levels of growing stock Cooperative Study in Douglas fir written by Robert O. Curtis and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents the history and results of the Iron Creek installation of the cooperative Levels-of-Growing-Stock (LOGS) study in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), over the period 1966-2006 (ages 19 to 59). This is a 1949 plantation on an excellent site, and is one of nine installations in the study. Results are generally consistent with those from other LOGS installations. Volume production of thinned stands increased with increased growing stock. Current volume growth shows no sign of decreasing, and is still about twice mean annual increment. On similar public lands, rotations considerably longer than indicated by conventional economic analyses could reduce land use conflicts and increase carbon sequestration while maintaining or increasing long-term timber outputs. Small plot size prevents further thinning, which would otherwise be desirable in some treatments. The principal future value of the data is for use (in combination with other data) in development of growth models.
Download or read book Silviculture in the Tropics written by Sven Günter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-24 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book integrates the latest global developments in forestry science and practice and their relevance for the sustainable management of tropical forests. The influence of social dimensions on the development of silvicultural concepts is another spotlight. Ecology and silvicultural options form all tropical continents, and forest formations from dry to moist forests and from lowland to mountain forests are covered. Review chapters which guide readers through this complex subject integrate numerous illustrative and quantitative case studies by experts from all over the world. On the basis of a cross-sectional evaluation of the case studies presented, the authors put forward possible silvicultural contributions towards sustainability in a changing world. The book is addressed to a broad readership from forestry and environmental disciplines.
Download or read book Improving Crop Resistance to Abiotic Stress written by Narendra Tuteja and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-30 with total page 1533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest update on improving crop resistance to abiotic stress using the advanced key methods of proteomics, genomics and metabolomics. The wellbalanced international mix of contributors from industry and academia cover work carried out on individual crop plants, while also including studies of model organisms that can then be applied to specific crop plants
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
