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Book Thinking About Reasons

Download or read book Thinking About Reasons written by David Bakhurst and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-08-01 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thinking about Reasons is a collection of fourteen new essays on topics in ethics and the philosophy of action, inspired in one way or another by the work of Jonathan Dancy—one of his generation's most influential moral philosophers. Many of the most influential living thinkers in the area are contributors to this collection, which also contains an autobiographical afterword by Dancy himself. Topics discussed in this volume include: · the idea that the facts that explain action are non-psychological ones · buck passing theories of goodness and rightness · the idea that some moral reasons justify action without requiring it · the particularist idea that there are no true informative moral principles · the idea that egoism and impartial consequentialism are self-defeating · the idea that moral reasons are dependent on either impersonal value, or benefits to oneself, or benefits to those with whom one has some special connection, but not on deontological constraints · the idea that we must distinguish between reasons and enablers, disablers, intensifiers, and attenuators of reasons · the idea that, although the lived ethical life is shaped by standing commitments, uncodifable judgement is at least sometimes needed to resolve what to do when these commitments conflict · the idea that the value of a whole need not be a mathematical function of the values of the parts of that whole · the idea that practical reasoning is based on inference the idea that there cannot be irreducibly normative properties.

Book Giving Reasons

    Book Details:
  • Author : David R. Morrow
  • Publisher : Hackett Publishing
  • Release : 2017-09-01
  • ISBN : 162466623X
  • Pages : 98 pages

Download or read book Giving Reasons written by David R. Morrow and published by Hackett Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Giving Reasons prepares students to think independently, evaluate information, and reason clearly across disciplines. Accessible to students and effective for instructors, it provides plain-English exercises, helpful appendices, and a variety of online supplements.

Book Think Again

    Book Details:
  • Author : Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
  • Publisher : Oxford University Press
  • Release : 2018
  • ISBN : 0190627123
  • Pages : 257 pages

Download or read book Think Again written by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our personal and political worlds are rife with arguments and disagreements, some of them petty and vitriolic. The inability to compromise and understand the opposition is epidemic today, from countries refusing to negotiate, to politicians pandering to their base. Social media has produced a virulent world where extreme positions dominate. There is much demonization of the other side, very little progress is made, and the end result is further widening of positions. How did this happen, and what might be done to address it? Walter Sinnott-Armstrong says there is such a thing as a "good" argument: Reasonable arguments can create more mutual understanding and respect, and even if neither party is convinced by the other, compromise is still possible. Think Again shows the importance of good arguments and reveals common misunderstandings. Rather than a means to persuade other people or beat them in an intellectual competition, Sinnott-Armstrong sees arguments as an essential tool for constructive interaction with others. After showing how the failure of good arguments has led us to society's current woes, he shows readers what makes a good argument. In clear, lively, and practical prose, and with plentiful examples from politics, popular culture, and everyday life, Sinnott-Armstrong explains what defines an argument, identifies the components of good arguments as well as fallacies to avoid, and demonstrates what good arguments can accomplish. Armed with these tools, readers will be able to spot bad reasoning and bad arguments, and to advance their own views in a forceful yet logical way. These skills could even help repair our tattered civic culture.

Book Critical Thinking

    Book Details:
  • Author : Peg Tittle
  • Publisher : Routledge
  • Release : 2011-02-21
  • ISBN : 1136899952
  • Pages : 597 pages

Download or read book Critical Thinking written by Peg Tittle and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-02-21 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Critical Thinking: An Appeal to Reason, Peg Tittle empowers students with a solid grounding in the lifelong skills of considered analysis and argumentation that should underpin every student’s education. Starting with the building blocks of a good argument, this comprehensive new textbook offers a full course in critical thinking. It includes chapters on the nature and structure of argument, the role of relevance, truth and generalizations, and the subtleties of verbal and visual language. Special features include: • an emphasis on the constructive aspect of critical thinking—strengthening the arguments of others and constructing sound arguments of your own—rather than an exclusive focus on spotting faulty arguments • actual questions from standardized reasoning tests like the LSAT, GMAT, MCAT, and GRE • graduated end-of-chapter exercises, asking students to think critically about what they see, hear, read, write, and discuss • numerous sample arguments from books, magazines, television, and the Internet for students to analyze • many images for critical analysis • analyzed arguments that help students to read critically and actively • an extensive companion website for instructors and students A companion website features: • for instructors: an extensive instructor’s manual; a test bank; and PowerPoint slides • for students: extended answers, explanations, and analyses for the exercises and arguments in the book; supplementary chapters on logic and ethics; downloadable MP3 study guides; interactive flash cards; and thinking critically audio exercises. www.routledge.com/textbooks/tittle

Book Thinking 101

    Book Details:
  • Author : Woo-kyoung Ahn
  • Publisher : Flatiron Books
  • Release : 2022-09-13
  • ISBN : 1250805961
  • Pages : 190 pages

Download or read book Thinking 101 written by Woo-kyoung Ahn and published by Flatiron Books. This book was released on 2022-09-13 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “An INVALUABLE RESOURCE to anyone who wants to think better.” —Gretchen Rubin Award-winning YALE PROFESSOR Woo-kyoung Ahn delivers “A MUST-READ—a smart and compellingly readable guide to cutting-edge research into how people think.” (Paul Bloom) “A FUN exploration.” —Dax Shepard Psychologist Woo-kyoung Ahn devised a course at Yale called “Thinking” to help students examine the biases that cause so many problems in their daily lives. It quickly became one of the university’s most popular courses. Now, for the first time, Ahn presents key insights from her years of teaching and research in a book for everyone. She shows how “thinking problems” stand behind a wide range of challenges, from common, self-inflicted daily aggravations to our most pressing societal issues and inequities. Throughout, Ahn draws on decades of research from other cognitive psychologists, as well as from her own groundbreaking studies. And she presents it all in a compellingly readable style that uses fun examples from pop culture, anecdotes from her own life, and illuminating stories from history and the headlines. Thinking 101 is a book that goes far beyond other books on thinking, showing how we can improve not just our own daily lives through better awareness of our biases but also the lives of everyone around us. It is, quite simply, required reading for everyone who wants to think—and live—better.

Book Think Better

    Book Details:
  • Author : Ulrich L. Lehner
  • Publisher : Baker Academic
  • Release : 2021-11-16
  • ISBN : 1493433458
  • Pages : 192 pages

Download or read book Think Better written by Ulrich L. Lehner and published by Baker Academic. This book was released on 2021-11-16 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a world dominated by half-truths, illogic, and intellectual laziness, Think Better helps readers understand what reason is and how to use it well. Reason is a powerful tool not only for finding our way in an increasingly complex world but also for growing intellectually and emotionally. This short, accessible volume unlocks the dynamics of human reason, helping readers to think critically and to use reason confidently to solve problems. It enables readers to think more clearly and precisely about the world, and it tackles a number of profound philosophical questions without getting bogged down with jargon. Topics include knowledge, identity, leadership, creativity, and empathy. Written in an accessible style that integrates philosophy, illustrations, personal anecdotes, and statistical data, this book is well suited for use in undergraduate, classical school, and home school contexts. It is an invaluable guide for anyone interested in gaining better reasoning skills and a more rational approach to life.

Book Moral Reasons

    Book Details:
  • Author : Charles K. Fink
  • Publisher : Hamilton Books
  • Release : 2016-11-15
  • ISBN : 9780761868422
  • Pages : 0 pages

Download or read book Moral Reasons written by Charles K. Fink and published by Hamilton Books. This book was released on 2016-11-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distinguished by its readability and scope, Moral Reasons analyzes issues in moral and political philosophy with careful attention to the role of argumentation in the study of ethics. After a comprehensive overview of moral reasoning including dozens of examples and exercises Charles K. Fink guides readers through the theories and arguments of philosophers from Plato to Peter Singer, covering such diverse topics as moral skepticism, abortion, euthanasia, political authority, punishment and war. Ideal as a main text for courses on applied ethics or as a supplemental text for courses on social and political philosophy, this book offers one of the most diverse investigations of moral philosophy there is to date. -- Provided by publisher.

Book Re Thinking Reason

    Book Details:
  • Author : Kerry S. Walters
  • Publisher : SUNY Press
  • Release : 1994-01-01
  • ISBN : 9780791420959
  • Pages : 288 pages

Download or read book Re Thinking Reason written by Kerry S. Walters and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Challenges the widespread assumption that good thinking is logical thinking and that college students should learn better after taking a course in critical thinking. The 14 contributors argue for, and provide, a richer model of thinking that acknowledges the importance of faculties traditionally downplayed or discouraged. Addressed to educators. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Book Reason in the Balance

    Book Details:
  • Author : Sharon Bailin
  • Publisher : Hackett Publishing
  • Release : 2016-02-11
  • ISBN : 1624664792
  • Pages : 510 pages

Download or read book Reason in the Balance written by Sharon Bailin and published by Hackett Publishing. This book was released on 2016-02-11 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike most texts in critical thinking, Reason in the Balance focuses broadly on the practice of critical inquiry, the process of carefully examining an issue in order to come to a reasoned judgment. Although analysis and critique of individual arguments have an important role to play, this text goes beyond that dimension to emphasize the various aspects that go into the practice of inquiry, including identifying issues and relevant contexts, understanding competing cases, and making a comparative judgment. Distinctive Features of the Text: Emphasis on applying critical thinking to complex issues with competing arguments Inclusion of chapters on inquiry in specific contexts Attention to the dialogical aspects of inquiry, including sample dialogues Emphasis on the spirit of inquiry The Second Edition Features: Updated examples and items of current interest New dialogues on vaccination, prostitution, and climate change New material on biases in reasoning, including emotional, psychological, social, and cognitive The Reason in the Balance Website includes: An Appendix on Logic Exercises Quizzes

Book Irrationality

    Book Details:
  • Author : Justin E. H. Smith
  • Publisher : Princeton University Press
  • Release : 2020-12-08
  • ISBN : 0691210519
  • Pages : 352 pages

Download or read book Irrationality written by Justin E. H. Smith and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-08 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What every leader needs to know about dignity and how to create a culture in which everyone thrives. This landmark book from an expert in dignity studies explores the essential but under-recognized role of dignity as part of good leadership. Extending the reach of her award-winning book Dignity: Its Essential Role in Resolving Conflict, Donna Hicks now contributes a specific, practical guide to achieving a culture of dignity. Most people know very little about dignity, the author has found, and when leaders fail to respect the dignity of others, conflict and distrust ensue. She highlights three components of leading with dignity: what one must know in order to honor dignity and avoid violating it; what one must do to lead with dignity; and how one can create a culture of dignity in any organization, whether corporate, religious, governmental, healthcare, or beyond. Brimming with key research findings, real-life case studies, and workable recommendations, this book fills an important gap in our understanding of how best to be together in a conflict-ridden world."--

Book Come  Let Us Reason

    Book Details:
  • Author : Norman L. Geisler
  • Publisher : Baker Academic
  • Release : 1990-08-01
  • ISBN : 9780801038365
  • Pages : 232 pages

Download or read book Come Let Us Reason written by Norman L. Geisler and published by Baker Academic. This book was released on 1990-08-01 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The perfect introductory textbook, this simplified study of logic prepares readers to reason thoughtfully and to spot illogic in an argument.

Book Giving Reasons

    Book Details:
  • Author : David R. Morrow
  • Publisher : Hackett Publishing Company
  • Release : 2017
  • ISBN : 9781624666223
  • Pages : 82 pages

Download or read book Giving Reasons written by David R. Morrow and published by Hackett Publishing Company. This book was released on 2017 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Giving Reasons prepares students to think independently, evaluate information, and reason clearly across disciplines. Accessible to students and effective for instructors, it provides plain-English exercises, helpful appendices, and a variety of online supplements.

Book Placing the Enlightenment

    Book Details:
  • Author : Charles W. J. Withers
  • Publisher : University of Chicago Press
  • Release : 2008-09-15
  • ISBN : 0226904075
  • Pages : 358 pages

Download or read book Placing the Enlightenment written by Charles W. J. Withers and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-09-15 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Enlightenment was the age in which the world became modern, challenging tradition in favor of reason, freedom, and critical inquiry. While many aspects of the Enlightenment have been rigorously scrutinized—its origins and motivations, its principal characters and defining features, its legacy and modern relevance—the geographical dimensions of the era have until now largely been ignored. Placing the Enlightenment contends that the Age of Reason was not only a period of pioneering geographical investigation but also an age with spatial dimensions to its content and concerns. Investigating the role space and location played in the creation and reception of Enlightenment ideas, Charles W. J. Withers draws from the fields of art, science, history, geography, politics, and religion to explore the legacies of Enlightenment national identity, navigation, discovery, and knowledge. Ultimately, geography is revealed to be the source of much of the raw material from which philosophers fashioned theories of the human condition. Lavishly illustrated and engagingly written, Placing the Enlightenment will interest Enlightenment specialists from across the disciplines as well as any scholar curious about the role geography has played in the making of the modern world.

Book Factfulness

    Book Details:
  • Author : Hans Rosling
  • Publisher : Flatiron Books
  • Release : 2018-04-03
  • ISBN : 125012381X
  • Pages : 353 pages

Download or read book Factfulness written by Hans Rosling and published by Flatiron Books. This book was released on 2018-04-03 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER “One of the most important books I’ve ever read—an indispensable guide to thinking clearly about the world.” – Bill Gates “Hans Rosling tells the story of ‘the secret silent miracle of human progress’ as only he can. But Factfulness does much more than that. It also explains why progress is so often secret and silent and teaches readers how to see it clearly.” —Melinda Gates "Factfulness by Hans Rosling, an outstanding international public health expert, is a hopeful book about the potential for human progress when we work off facts rather than our inherent biases." - Former U.S. President Barack Obama Factfulness: The stress-reducing habit of only carrying opinions for which you have strong supporting facts. When asked simple questions about global trends—what percentage of the world’s population live in poverty; why the world’s population is increasing; how many girls finish school—we systematically get the answers wrong. So wrong that a chimpanzee choosing answers at random will consistently outguess teachers, journalists, Nobel laureates, and investment bankers. In Factfulness, Professor of International Health and global TED phenomenon Hans Rosling, together with his two long-time collaborators, Anna and Ola, offers a radical new explanation of why this happens. They reveal the ten instincts that distort our perspective—from our tendency to divide the world into two camps (usually some version of us and them) to the way we consume media (where fear rules) to how we perceive progress (believing that most things are getting worse). Our problem is that we don’t know what we don’t know, and even our guesses are informed by unconscious and predictable biases. It turns out that the world, for all its imperfections, is in a much better state than we might think. That doesn’t mean there aren’t real concerns. But when we worry about everything all the time instead of embracing a worldview based on facts, we can lose our ability to focus on the things that threaten us most. Inspiring and revelatory, filled with lively anecdotes and moving stories, Factfulness is an urgent and essential book that will change the way you see the world and empower you to respond to the crises and opportunities of the future. --- “This book is my last battle in my life-long mission to fight devastating ignorance...Previously I armed myself with huge data sets, eye-opening software, an energetic learning style and a Swedish bayonet for sword-swallowing. It wasn’t enough. But I hope this book will be.” Hans Rosling, February 2017.

Book Biocode

    Book Details:
  • Author : Dawn Field
  • Publisher : American Chemical Society
  • Release : 2015
  • ISBN : 0199687757
  • Pages : 209 pages

Download or read book Biocode written by Dawn Field and published by American Chemical Society. This book was released on 2015 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The living world runs on genomic software - what Dawn Field and Neil Davies call the 'biocode' - the sum of all DNA on Earth. In Biocode, they tell the story of a new age of scientific discovery: the growing global effort to read and map the biocode, and what that might mean for the future. The structure of DNA was identified in 1953, and the whole human genome was mapped by 2003. Since then the new field of genomics has mushroomed and is now operating on an industrial scale. Genomes can now be sequenced rapidly and increasingly cheaply. The genomes of large numbers of organisms from mammals to microbes, have been mapped. Getting your genome sequenced is becoming affordable for many. You too can check paternity, find out where your ancestors came from, or whether you are at risk of some diseases. Some check out the pedigree of their pets, while others turn genomes into art. A stray hair is enough to crudely reconstruct the face of the owner. From reading to constructing: the first steps to creating artificial life have already been taken. Some may find the rapidity of developments, and the potential for misuse, alarming. But they also open up unprecedented possibilities. The ability to read DNA has changed how we view ourselves and understand our place in nature. From the largest oceans, to the insides of our guts, we are able to explore the biosphere as never before, from the genome up. Sequencing technology has made the invisible world of microbes visible, and biodiversity genomics is revealing whole new worlds within us and without. The findings are transformational: we are all ecosystems now. Already the first efforts at 'barcoding' entire ecological communities and creating 'genomic observatories' have begun. The future, the authors argue, will involve biocoding the entire planet.

Book Selfish Reasons to Have More Kids

Download or read book Selfish Reasons to Have More Kids written by Bryan Caplan and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2011-04-12 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We've needlessly turned parenting into an unpleasant chore. Parents invest more time and money in their kids than ever, but the shocking lesson of twin and adoption research is that upbringing is much less important than genetics in the long run. These revelations have surprising implications for how we parent and how we spend time with our kids. The big lesson: Mold your kids less and enjoy your life more. Your kids will still turn out fine. Selfish Reasons to Have More Kids is a book of practical big ideas. How can parents be happier? What can they change -- and what do they need to just accept? Which of their worries can parents safely forget? Above all, what is the right number of kids for you to have? You'll never see kids or parenthood the same way again.

Book The Enigma of Reason

    Book Details:
  • Author : Hugo Mercier
  • Publisher : Harvard University Press
  • Release : 2017-04-17
  • ISBN : 0674368304
  • Pages : 405 pages

Download or read book The Enigma of Reason written by Hugo Mercier and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-17 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Brilliant...Timely and necessary.” —Financial Times “Especially timely as we struggle to make sense of how it is that individuals and communities persist in holding beliefs that have been thoroughly discredited.” —Darren Frey, Science If reason is what makes us human, why do we behave so irrationally? And if it is so useful, why didn’t it evolve in other animals? This groundbreaking account of the evolution of reason by two renowned cognitive scientists seeks to solve this double enigma. Reason, they argue, helps us justify our beliefs, convince others, and evaluate arguments. It makes it easier to cooperate and communicate and to live together in groups. Provocative, entertaining, and undeniably relevant, The Enigma of Reason will make many reasonable people rethink their beliefs. “Reasonable-seeming people are often totally irrational. Rarely has this insight seemed more relevant...Still, an essential puzzle remains: How did we come to be this way?...Cognitive scientists Hugo Mercier and Dan Sperber [argue that] reason developed not to enable us to solve abstract, logical problems...[but] to resolve the problems posed by living in collaborative groups.” —Elizabeth Kolbert, New Yorker “Turns reason’s weaknesses into strengths, arguing that its supposed flaws are actually design features that work remarkably well.” —Financial Times “The best thing I have read about human reasoning. It is extremely well written, interesting, and very enjoyable to read.” —Gilbert Harman, Princeton University