Download or read book Thermodynamics in Geology written by D.G. Fraser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has long been realized that the mineral assemblages of igneous and metamorphic rocks may reflect the approach of a rock to chemical eCluilibrium during its formation. However progress in the application of chemical thermodynamics to geological systems has been hindered since the time of Bowen and the other early physical-chemical petrologists by the recurring Cluandary of the experimental geologist. His systems are complex and are experimentally intractable, but if they were not so refractory they would not be there to study at all. It is only recently that accurate measurements of the thermodynamic properties of pure, or at least well-defined minerals, melts and volatile fluid phases, combined with experimental and theoretical studies of their mixing properties, have made it possible to calculate the eCluilibrium conditions for particular rock systems. Much work is now in progress to extend the ranges of com position and conditions for which sufficient data exist to enable such calculations to be made. Moreover the routine availability of the electron microprobe will ensure that the demand for such information will continue to increase. The thermodynamic techniClues reCluired to apply these data to geological problems are intrinsically simple and merely involve the combination of appropriate standard state data together with corrections for the effects of solution in natural minerals, melts or volatile fluids.
Download or read book Practical Chemical Thermodynamics for Geoscientists written by Bruce Fegley and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: -- Presents brief historical summaries and biographies of key thermodynamics scientists alongside the fundamentals they were responsible for.
Download or read book Chemical Thermodynamics for Earth Scientists written by Philip Fletcher and published by Longman Scientific and Technical. This book was released on 1993 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A text providing a systematic introduction to the application of thermodynamics to chemical reactions occurring in the earth's geological environment, for undergraduate and postgraduate geochemistry, geology, and environmental science students. It covers three essential topics: thermodynamic principles; thermodynamic properties of geological materials; and the use of thermodynamic data with graphical and computational techniques to predict properties of mineral and fluid assemblies. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Thermodynamics in Earth and Planetary Sciences written by Jibamitra Ganguly and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 629 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a university course, this book provides an exposition of a large spectrum of geological, geochemical and geophysical problems that are amenable to thermodynamic analysis. It also includes selected problems in planetary sciences, relationships between thermodynamics and microscopic properties, particle size effects, methods of approximation of thermodynamic properties of minerals, and some kinetic ramifications of entropy production. The textbook will enable graduate students and researchers alike to develop an appreciation of the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, and their wide ranging applications to natural processes and systems.
Download or read book Rethinking the Fabric of Geology written by Victor R. Baker and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2013-11-07 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The 50 years since the publication of 'Fabric of Geology,' edited by C.C. Albritton Jr., have seen immense changes in both geology and philosophy of science. 'Rethinking the Fabric of Geology' explores a number of philosophical issues in geology, ranging from its nature as a historical science to implications for geological education"--Provided by publisher.
Download or read book Geochemistry written by William M. White and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-22 with total page 1218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of geochemistry. The book first lays out the ‘geochemical toolbox’: the basic principles and techniques of modern geochemistry, beginning with a review of thermodynamics and kinetics as they apply to the Earth and its environs. These basic concepts are then applied to understanding processes in aqueous systems and the behavior of trace elements in magmatic systems. Subsequent chapters introduce radiogenic and stable isotope geochemistry and illustrate their application to such diverse topics as determining geologic time, ancient climates, and the diets of prehistoric peoples. The focus then broadens to the formation of the solar system, the Earth, and the elements themselves. Then the composition of the Earth itself becomes the topic, examining the composition of the core, the mantle, and the crust and exploring how this structure originated. A final chapter covers organic chemistry, including the origin of fossil fuels and the carbon cycle’s role in controlling Earth’s climate, both in the geologic past and the rapidly changing present. Geochemistry is essential reading for all earth science students, as well as for researchers and applied scientists who require an introduction to the essential theory of geochemistry, and a survey of its applications in the earth and environmental sciences. Additional resources can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/white/geochemistry
Download or read book Materials Science for Structural Geology written by Mervyn S. Paterson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-28 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sets out the basic materials science needed for understanding the plastic deformation of rocks and minerals. Although at atmospheric pressure or at relatively low environmental pressures, these materials tend to be brittle, that is, to fracture with little prior plastic deformation when non-hydrostatically stressed, they can undergo substantial permanent strain when stressed under environmental conditions of high confining pressure and high temperature, such as occur geologically in the Earth’s crust and upper mantle. Thus the plastic deformation of rocks and minerals is of fundamental interest in structural geology and geodynamics. In mountain-building processes and during convective stirring in the Earth’s mantle, rocks can undergo very large amounts of plastic flow, accompanied by substantial changes in microstructure. These changes in microstructure remain in the rocks as evidence of the past deformation history. There are a number of types of physical processes whereby rock and minerals can undergo deformation under geological conditions. The physics of these processes is set out in this book.
Download or read book Elementary Thermodynamics for Geologists written by B. J. Wood and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Illustrates the usefulness of the thermodynamic approach to geological problems by means of examples based on natural rock systems.
Download or read book Geofluids written by Vratislav Hurai and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-05-14 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geofluids: Developments in Microthermometry, Spectroscopy, Thermodynamics, and Stable Isotopes is the definitive source on paleofluids and the migration of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins—ideal for researchers in oil and gas exploration. There's been a rapid development of new non-destructive analytical methods and interdisciplinary research that makes it difficult to find a single source of content on the subject of geofluids. Geoscience researchers commonly use multiple tools to interpret geologic problems, particularly if the problems involve fluid-rock interaction. This book perfectly combines the techniques of fluid inclusion microthermometry, stable isotope analyses, and various types of spectroscopy, including Raman analysis, to contribute to a thorough approach to research. Through a practical and intuitive step-by-step approach, the authors explain sample preparation, measurements, and the interpretation and analysis of data related to thermodynamics and mineral-fluid equilibria. - Features working examples in each chapter with step-by-step explanations and calculations - Broad range of case studies aid the analytical and experimental data - Includes appendices with equations of state, stable isotope fractionation equations, and Raman identification tables that aid in identification of fluid inclusion minerals - Authored by a team of expert scientists who have more than 60 years of related experience in the field and classroom combined
Download or read book Geochemical Rate Models written by J. Donald Rimstidt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-07 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This well-organised, comprehensive reference and textbook describes rate models developed from fundamental kinetic theory and presents models using consistent terminology and notation. Major topics include rate equations, reactor theory, transition state theory, surface reactivity, advective and diffusive transport, aggregation kinetics, nucleation kinetics and solid-solid transformation rates. The theoretical basis and mathematical derivation of each model is presented in detail and illustrated with worked examples from real-world applications to geochemical problems. The book is also supported by online resources: self-study problems put students' new learning into practice, and spreadsheets provide the full data used in figures and examples, enabling students to manipulate the data for themselves. This is an ideal overview for graduate students, providing a solid understanding of geochemical kinetics. It will also provide researchers and professional geochemists with a valuable reference for solving scientific and engineering problems.
Download or read book Thermodynamics of Geothermal Fluids written by Andri Stefánsson and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 76 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry presents an extended review of the topics conveyed in a short course on Geothermal Fluid Thermodynamics held prior to the 23rd Annual V.M. Goldschmidt Conference in Florence, Italy (August 24-25, 2013). It covers Thermodynamics of Geothermal Fluids, The Molecular-Scale Fundament of Geothermal Fluid Thermodynamics, Thermodynamics of Aqueous Species at High Temperatures and Pressures: Equations of State and Transport Theory, Mineral Solubility and Aqueous Speciation Under Hydrothermal Conditions to 300 °C – The Carbonate System as an Example, Thermodynamic Modeling of Fluid-Rock Interaction at Mid-Crustal to Upper-Mantle Conditions, Speciation and Transport of Metals and Metalloids in Geological Vapors, Solution Calorimetry Under Hydrothermal Conditions, Structure and Thermodynamics of Subduction Zone Fluids from Spectroscopic Studies and Thermodynamics of Organic Transformations in Hydrothermal Fluids.
Download or read book Geology and Geochemistry of Epithermal Systems written by Byron R. Berger and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Statistical Thermodynamics of Alloys written by N.A. Gokcen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended for scientists, researchers, and graduate students interested in solutions in general, and solutions of metals in particular. Readers are assumed to have a good background in thermodynamics, presented in such books as those cited at the end of Chapter 1, "Thermo dynamic Background." The contents of the book are limited to the solutions of metals + metals, and metals + metalloids, but the results are also appli cable to numerous other types of solutions encountered by metallurgists, materials scientists, geologists, ceramists, and chemists. Attempts have been made to cover each topic in depth with numerical examples whenever necessary. Chapter 2 presents phase equilibria and phase diagrams as related to the thermodynamics of solutions. The emphasis is on the binary diagrams since the ternary diagrams can be understood in terms of the binary diagrams coupled with the phase rule, and the Gibbs energies of mixing. The cal culation of thermodynamic properties from the phase diagrams is not emphasized because such a procedure generally yields mediocre results. Nevertheless, the reader can readily obtain thermodynamic data from phase diagrams by reversing the detailed process of calculation of phase diagrams from thermodynamic data. Empirical rules on phase stability are given in this chapter for a brief and clear understanding of the physical and atomistic factors underlying the alloy phase formation.
Download or read book Equilibrium Thermodynamics in Petrology written by Roger Powell and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in the Modelling of Thermodynamic Systems written by Elhoucine Essefi and published by Engineering Science Reference. This book was released on 2022 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the recent advances in modeling of thermodynamic systems as well as the state-of-the-art manmade industrial processes and natural processes taking place on Earth and beyond. The book reveals an interdisciplinary vision of thermodynamics from the minuscule to the immense.
Download or read book Structural Geology written by Bruce E. Hobbs and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-11-21 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural Geology is a groundbreaking reference that introduces you to the concepts of nonlinear solid mechanics and non-equilibrium thermodynamics in metamorphic geology, offering a fresh perspective on rock structure and its potential for new interpretations of geological evolution. This book stands alone in unifying deformation and metamorphism and the development of the mineralogical fabrics and the structures that we see in the field. This reflects the thermodynamics of systems not at equilibrium within the framework of modern nonlinear solid mechanics. The thermodynamic approach enables the various mechanical, thermal, hydrological and chemical processes to be rigorously coupled through the second law of thermodynamics, invariably leading to nonlinear behavior. The book also differs from others in emphasizing the implications of this nonlinear behavior with respect to the development of the diverse, complex, even fractal, range of structures in deformed metamorphic rocks. Building on the fundamentals of structural geology by discussing the nonlinear processes that operate during the deformation and metamorphism of rocks in the Earth's crust, the book's concepts help geoscientists and graduate-level students understand how these processes control or influence the structures and metamorphic fabrics—providing applications in hydrocarbon exploration, ore mineral exploration, and architectural engineering. - Authored by two of the world's foremost experts in structural geology, representing more than 70 years of experience in research and instruction - Nearly 300 figures, illustrations, working examples, and photographs reinforce key concepts and underscore major advances in structural geology
Download or read book Deformation Processes in Minerals Ceramics and Rocks written by D.J. Barber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph has its origins in a two-day meeting with the same title held in London, England in the spring of 1987. The idea for the meeting came from members of the UK Mineral and Rock Physics Group. It was held under the auspices of, and made possible by the generous support of, the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Additional financial assistance was provided by ECC International pIc and the Cookson Group pIc. The aims of the London meeting were to survey the current state of knowledge about deformation processes in non-metallic materials and to bring together both experts and less experienced Earth scientists and ceramicists who normally had little contact but shared common interests in deformation mechanisms. This monograph has similar aims and, indeed, most of its authors were keynote speakers at the meeting. Consequently, most of the contributions contain a review element in addition to the presentation and discussion of new results. In adopting this format, the editors hope that the monograph will provide a valuable state-of-the-art sourcebook, both to active researchers and also to graduate students just starting in the relevant fields.
