Download or read book Theoretical Concepts of X Ray Nanoscale Analysis written by Andrei Benediktovich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-07 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a concise survey of modern theoretical concepts of X-ray materials analysis. The principle features of the book are: basics of X-ray scattering, interaction between X-rays and matter and new theoretical concepts of X-ray scattering. The various X-ray techniques are considered in detail: high-resolution X-ray diffraction, X-ray reflectivity, grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray residual stress analysis. All the theoretical methods presented use the unified physical approach. This makes the book especially useful for readers learning and performing data analysis with different techniques. The theory is applicable to studies of bulk materials of all kinds, including single crystals and polycrystals as well as to surface studies under grazing incidence. The book appeals to researchers and graduate students alike.

Download or read book Nanobeam X Ray Scattering written by Julian Stangl and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-09-10 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of the possibilities and potential of X-ray scattering using nanofocused beams for probing matter at the nanoscale, including guidance on the design of nanobeam experiments. The monograph discusses various sources, including free electron lasers, synchrotron radiation and other portable and non-portable X-ray sources. For scientists using synchrotron radiation or students and scientists with a background in X-ray scattering methods in general.

Download or read book Challenges of Decoding Data in Spectroscopy Reflectometry X Ray and Electron Diffraction written by Felix N. Chukhovskii and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2022-08-17 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to present the direct method for solving the inverse problems in the X-ray multicomponent spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray diffraction tomography, grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray reflectometry of multilayer structures, and electron multibeam diffraction imaging. It considers the theory of numerical analysis of multivariate additive spectra of non-separable mixtures, and decodes data obtained using the X-ray diffraction tomography technique. The book also discusses the theory of high-resolution X-ray reflectometry (HRXR) of multilayer structures (MLS) based on the modified Parratt relationships for reflection and transmission coefficients and the phase problem in electron structural crystallography.

Download or read book Functional Thin Films Technology written by Sam Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-08-08 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functional Thin Films Technology features the functional aspects of thin films, such as their application in solar selective absorbers, fiber lasers, solid oxide fuel cells, piezo-related areas, catalysts, superhydrophobicity, semiconductors, and trace pesticides detection. It highlights developments and advances in the preparation, characterization, and applications of functional micro-/nano-scaled films and coatings. This book Presents technologies aimed at functionality used in nanoelectronics, solar selective absorbers, solid oxide fuel cells, piezo-applications, and sensors Covers absorbers, catalysts, anodic aluminum oxide, superhydrophobics, and semiconductor devices Features a chapter on transport phenomena associated to structures Discusses transport phenomena and material informatics This second volume in the two-volume set, Protective Thin Coatings and Functional Thin Films Technology, will benefit industry professionals and researchers working in areas related to semiconductors, optoelectronics, plasma technology, solid-state energy storages, and 5G, as well as advanced students studying electrical, mechanical, chemical, and materials engineering.

Download or read book X ray and Neutron Reflectivity written by Jean Daillant and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-11-19 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ways in which the magnetic interaction between neutrons and magnetic moments can yield information on the magnetization densities of thin ?lms and multilayers. I commend the organizers for having organized a group of expert lecturers to present this subject in a detailed but clear fashion, as the importance of the subject deserves. Argonne, IL S. K. Sinha Contents 1 The Interaction of X-Rays (and Neutrons) with Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 F. de Bergevin 1. 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 2 Generalities and De?nitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1. 3 From the Scattering by an Object to the Propagation in a Medium . 14 1. 4 X-Rays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1. 5 X-Rays: Anisotropic Scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 1. A Appendix: the Born Approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 2 Statistical Aspects of Wave Scattering at Rough Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 A. Sentenac and J. Daillant 2. 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 2. 2 Description of Randomly Rough Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 2. 3 Description of a Surface Scattering Experiment, Coherence Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 2. 4 Statistical Formulation of the Diffraction Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 2. 5 Statistical Formulation of the Scattered Intensity Under the Born Approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 3 Specular Re?ectivity from Smooth and Rough Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 A. Gibaud and G. Vignaud 3. 1 The Re?ected Intensity from an Ideally Flat Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 3. 2 X-Ray Re?ectivity in Strati?ed Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 3. 3 From Dynamical to Kinematical Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 3. 4 In?uence of the Roughness on the Matrix Coef?cients . . . . . . . . . . 111 3. A Appendix: The Treatment of Roughness in Specular Re?ectivity . . 113 3. B Appendix: Inversion of re?ectivity data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Download or read book Fundamentals of Nanoscale Film Analysis written by Terry L. Alford and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-16 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From materials science to integrated circuit development, much of modern technology is moving from the microscale toward the nanoscale. This book focuses on the fundamental physics underlying innovative techniques for analyzing surfaces and near-surfaces. New analytical techniques have emerged to meet these technological requirements, all based on a few processes that govern the interactions of particles and radiation with matter. This book addresses the fundamentals and application of these processes, from thin films to field effect transistors.

Download or read book X Ray and Neutron Reflectivity Principles and Applications written by Jean Daillant and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reflection of and neutrons from surfaces has existed as an x-rays exp- imental for almost it is in the last technique fifty Nevertheless, only years. decade that these methods have become as of enormously popular probes This the surfaces and interfaces. to be due to of several appears convergence of intense different circumstances. These include the more n- availability be measured orders tron and sources that can over (so reflectivity x-ray many of and the much weaker surface diffuse can now also be magnitude scattering of thin films and studied in some the detail); growing importance multil- basic the realization of the ers in both and technology research; important which in the of surfaces and and role roughness plays properties interfaces; the of statistical models to characterize the of finally development topology its and its characterization from on roughness, dependence growth processes The of and to surface scattering experiments. ability x-rays neutro4s study four five orders of in scale of surfaces over to magnitude length regardless their and also their to ability probe environment, temperature, pressure, etc. , makes these the choice for buried interfaces often probes preferred obtaining information about the microstructure of often in statistical a global surfaces, the local This is manner to complementary imaging microscopy techniques, of such studies in the literature witnessed the veritable by explosion published the last few Thus these lectures will useful for over a resource years.

Download or read book Investigating Cellular Nanoscale with X rays written by Clément Hémonnot and published by Göttingen University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advances and technical improvements of X-ray imaging techniques, taking advantage of X-ray focussing optics and high intensity synchrotron sources, nowadays allow for the use of X-rays to probe the cellular nanoscale. Importantly, X-rays permit thick samples to be imaged without sectioning or slicing. In this work, two macromolecules, namely keratin intermediate filament (IF) proteins and DNA, both essential components of cells, were studied by X-ray techniques. Keratin IF proteins make up an integral part of the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells and form a dense intracellular network of bundles. This network is built from monomers in a hierarchical fashion. Thus, the keratin structure formation spans a large range of length scales from a few nanometres (monomers) to micrometres (networks). Here, keratin was studied at three different scales: i) filaments, ii) bundles and iii) networks. Solution small-angle X-ray scattering revealed distinct structural and organisational characteristics of these highly charged polyelectrolyte filaments, such as increasing radius with increasing salt concentration and spatial accumulation of ions depending on the salt concentration. The results are quantified by employing advanced modelling of keratin IFs by a core cylinder fl anked with Gaussian chains. Scanning micro- diffraction was used to study keratin at the bundle scale. Very different morphologies of keratin bundles were observed at different salt conditions. At the network scale, new imaging approaches and analyses were applied to the study of whole cells. Ptychography and scanning X-ray nano-diffraction imaging were performed on the same cells, allowing for high resolution in real and reciprocal space, thereby revealing the internal structure of these networks. By using a fitting routine based on simulations of IFs packed on a hexagonal lattice, the radius of each fi lament and distance between fi laments were retrieved. In mammalian cells, each nucleus contains 2 nm-thick DNA double helices with a total length of about 2 m. The DNA strands are packed in a highly hierarchical manner into individual chromosomes. DNA was studied in intact cells by visible light microscopy and scanning X-ray nano-diffraction, unveiling the compaction und decompaction of DNA during the cell cycle. Thus, we obtained information on the aggregation state of the nuclear DNA at a real space resolution on the order of few hundreds nm. To exploit to the reciprocal space information, individual diffraction patterns were analysed according to a generalised Porod’s law at a resolution down to 10 nm. We were able to distinguish nucleoli, heterochromatin and euchromatin in the nuclei and follow the compaction and decompaction during the cell division cycle.

Download or read book Worked Examples in X Ray Analysis written by JENKINS and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-20 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to provide the reader with a series of work ed examples in X -ray spectrometry and X -ray diffractometry, in such a way that each example can be treated either as a posed question, i. e. one to which the reader must himself provide an answer, or as a guide to the method of treating a similar problem. The latter, of course, also pro vides a check on the answer produced by the reader. Although much basic theory can be derived by study of this work the first intention of the book is not to provide a source of basic theoretical knowledge in X -ray analy sis. It is hoped that the book will be utilized more as a guide line in the tackling of theoretical and practical problems and as a means of estab lishing whether or not the reader is able to work out for himself a certain type of problem. For example, the series of examples on counting statis tics has been chosen in such a way that after working through and under standing these, the reader should be able to handle most of the calculations that he is likely to come up against in this area.

Download or read book Multi dimensional Analysis of Nano scale Periodic Structures Using EUV and X ray Characterization written by K.V. Nikolaev and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Wave Optical Simulations of X ray Nano focusing Optics written by Markus Osterhoff and published by Universitätsverlag Göttingen. This book was released on 2012 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Curved x-ray multilayer mirrors focus synchrotron beams down to tens of nano metres. A wave-optical theory describing propagation of two waves in an elliptically curved focusing multilayer mirror is developed in this thesis. Using numerical integration, the layer shapes can be optimised for reflectivity and aberrations. Within this framework, performance of both existing and currently upgraded synchrotron beamlines is simulated. Using a more theoretical model case, limits of the theory are studied. A significant part of this work is dedicated to partial spatial coherence, modelled using the method of stochastic superpositions. Coherence propagation and filtering by x-ray waveguides is shown analytically and numerically. This comprehensive model is put forward that shall help in development and testing of new algorithms for a variety of imaging techniques using coherent x-ray beams. Advanced simulations accounting for real structure effects are compared to experimental data obtained at the GINIX instrument at the coherence beamline P10 at PETRA III, DESY. This thesis presents results of a collaboration between the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) Grenoble.

Download or read book X Ray Line Profile Analysis in Materials Science written by Gubicza, Jen? and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2014-03-31 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray line profile analysis is an effective and non-destructive method for the characterization of the microstructure in crystalline materials. Supporting research in the area of x-ray line profile analysis is necessary in promoting further developments in this field. X-Ray Line Profile Analysis in Materials Science aims to synthesize the existing knowledge of the theory, methodology, and applications of x-ray line profile analysis in real-world settings. This publication presents both the theoretical background and practical implementation of x-ray line profile analysis and serves as a reference source for engineers in various disciplines as well as scholars and upper-level students.

Download or read book The Development of X ray Analysis written by Sir William Lawrence Bragg and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in X Ray Analysis written by Gavin R. Mallett and published by Springer. This book was released on 1995-12-31 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers presented in this volume of Advances in X-Ray Analysis were chosen from those presented at the Fourteenth Annual Conference on the Applications of X-Ray Analysis. This conference, sponsored by the Metallurgy Division of the Denver Research Institute, University of Denver, was held on August 24,25, and 26, 1965, at the Albany Hotel in Denver, Colorado. Of the 56 papers presented at the conference, 46 are included in this volume; also included is an open discussion held on the effects of chemical com bination on X-ray spectra. The subjects presented represent a broad scope of applications of X-rays to a variety of fields and disciplines. These included such fields as electron-probe microanalysis, the effect of chemical combination on X-ray spectra, and the uses of soft and ultrasoft X-rays in emission analysis. Also included were sessions on X-ray diffraction and fluor escence analysis. There were several papers on special topics, including X-ray topography and X-ray absorption fine-structure analysis. William L. Baun contributed considerable effort toward the conference by organizing the session on the effect of chemical combination on X-ray spectra fine structure. A special session was established through the excellent efforts of S. P. Ong on the uses and applica tions of soft X-rays in fluorescent analysis. We offer our sincere thanks to these men, for these two special sessions contributed greatly to the success of the conference.

Download or read book Nanoscale Materials written by Luis M. Liz-Marzán and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organized nanoassemblies of inorganic nanoparticles and organic molecules are building blocks of nanodevices, whether they are designed to perform molecular level computing, sense the environment or improve the catalytic properties of a material. The key to creation of these hybrid nanostructures lies in understanding the chemistry at a fundamental level. This book serves as a reference book for researchers by providing fundamental understanding of many nanoscopic materials.

Download or read book X ray Structure Analysis written by Theo Siegrist and published by de Gruyter. This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a compact overview on crystallography, symmetry, and applications of symmetry concepts. The author explains the theory behind scattering and diffraction of electromagnetic radiation. X-ray diffraction on single crystals as well as quantitative evaluation of powder patterns are discussed.

Download or read book Scanning X ray nano diffraction on eukaryotic cells written by Britta Weinhausen and published by Göttingen University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-rays provide an ideal probe for studying structures at the nano-scale and are routinely employed for investigating the structure and the composition of biological systems, making use of the variety of different techniques. By raster scanning the sample with a small beam, structural information obtained from individual scattering patterns in reciprocal space can be combined with positional information in real space. In this work, scanning X-ray diffraction using a nano-focused beam was applied to samples of biological cells in order to probe the structure of cytoskeletal bundles and networks of keratin intermediate filaments. Cellular samples were prepared using different methods, starting from well-established freeze-dried samples and going on to fixed-hydrated and finally living cells. In this context, the development of X-ray compatible microfluidic devices allowing for measurements on living cellular samples was an important aspect. Comparing the scattering signal from freeze-dried, fixed-hydrated and living cells, differences between the sample types at length scales of several tens of nanometers were determined. The successful application to hydrated and living cells further demonstrates the potential for structural analysis at hardly accessible length scales in native samples. Published: 2014