Download or read book The Wildlife Gut Microbiome and Its Implication for Conservation Biology written by Lifeng Zhu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-08-19 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Community series in the wildlife gut microbiome and its implication for conservation biology volume II written by Lifeng Zhu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-01-03 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gut Microbiota Immunity and Health in Production Animals written by Michael H. Kogut and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-19 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work sheds new light on the interplay between the gut, gut microbiota, and host physiological processes in production animals. The gut microbiome shapes health and susceptibility to disease and has become a leading area of research in the animal sciences. Gut health encompasses a number of physiological and functional features. Nutrient digestion and absorption, host metabolism and energy generation, a stable microbiome, mucus layer development, barrier function, and mucosal immune responses; all of which are required to interact to make an animal perform physiologically and according to its greatest genetic potential. This carefully presented book broadens our vision, approach and results on gut health and the ability to regulate animal production. Understanding the chemistry of microbiomes has broad implications, including providing functional annotations for the microbial genomes, insights into the chemical languages that link microbes to each other and to their host, and translational implications for precision veterinary medicine, environmental health, and sustainable animal agriculture and welfare. Experts working in microbiome research, host immunity, and animal production, veterinarians and researchers in livestock science will understand the great importance of this volume.
Download or read book Gut Microbiome and Its Impact on Health and Diseases written by Debabrata Biswas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-27 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive examination of the role of gut microbiome/microflora in nutrition, metabolism, disease prevention and health issues, including farm animal health and food value, and human gastrointestinal health and immunity. Indigenous microbiotas, particularly the gut microflora/microbiome, are an essential component in the modern concept of human and animal health. The diet and lifestyle of the host and environment have direct impact on gut microflora and the patterns of gut microbial colonization associated with health and diseases have been documented. Contributing authors cover the impact of gut microbiome in farm animal health, and explore the possibility of modulating the human gut microbiome with better animal products to prevent human diseases, including endemic and emerging diseases such as obesity, cancer and cardiac diseases. Dieting plan and control methods are examined, with attention paid to balance dieting with natural food and drink components. In addition, the role of gut microbiota in enteric microbial colonization and infections in farm animals is also discussed. The volume also explores the possibility of improving human health by modulating the microbiome with better food, including bio-active foods and appropriate forms of intake. Throughout the chapters, authors examine cutting edge research and technology, as well as future directions for better practices regarding emerging issues, such as the safety and production of organic food.
Download or read book Gut Microbiome and Brain Ageing written by Surajit Pathak and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbiomes of Soils Plants and Animals written by Rachael E. Antwis and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comparative, holistic synthesis of microbiome research, spanning soil, plant, animal and human hosts.
Download or read book Creative Conservation written by P.J. Olney and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Past progress and future challenges R.J. Wheater Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, UK. In the past two decades much has been achieved in the sphere of breeding endangered species, and we should be pleased that our co operative efforts have already borne so much fruit. However, on balance and despite the best efforts of conservationists, the position of wildlife in the wild places where they are best conserved has become worse, often dramatically worse. Before returning to the United Kingdom in 1972, I was in Uganda for 16 years, most of which time was spent as Chief Warden of Murchison Falls National Park. Our main problem was that an over-population of large mammals was having a devastating impact on the habitat. Devas tation was being wrought on woodland areas by the arrival of large numbers of elephants into the sanctuary of the Park, following changes in land use in the areas outside the Park. These changes were in response to the requirements of an ever-expanding human population.
Download or read book The Social Biology of Microbial Communities written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-12-10 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with the germ theory of disease in the 19th century and extending through most of the 20th century, microbes were believed to live their lives as solitary, unicellular, disease-causing organisms . This perception stemmed from the focus of most investigators on organisms that could be grown in the laboratory as cellular monocultures, often dispersed in liquid, and under ambient conditions of temperature, lighting, and humidity. Most such inquiries were designed to identify microbial pathogens by satisfying Koch's postulates.3 This pathogen-centric approach to the study of microorganisms produced a metaphorical "war" against these microbial invaders waged with antibiotic therapies, while simultaneously obscuring the dynamic relationships that exist among and between host organisms and their associated microorganisms-only a tiny fraction of which act as pathogens. Despite their obvious importance, very little is actually known about the processes and factors that influence the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities. Gaining this knowledge will require a seismic shift away from the study of individual microbes in isolation to inquiries into the nature of diverse and often complex microbial communities, the forces that shape them, and their relationships with other communities and organisms, including their multicellular hosts. On March 6 and 7, 2012, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop to explore the emerging science of the "social biology" of microbial communities. Workshop presentations and discussions embraced a wide spectrum of topics, experimental systems, and theoretical perspectives representative of the current, multifaceted exploration of the microbial frontier. Participants discussed ecological, evolutionary, and genetic factors contributing to the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities; how microbial communities adapt and respond to environmental stimuli; theoretical and experimental approaches to advance this nascent field; and potential applications of knowledge gained from the study of microbial communities for the improvement of human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health and toward a deeper understanding of microbial diversity and evolution. The Social Biology of Microbial Communities: Workshop Summary further explains the happenings of the workshop.
Download or read book Metagenomic Systems Biology written by Sharon I. Greenblum and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though invisible to the naked eye, microbes are crucial to life as we know it. These tiny single-celled organisms are found in almost every known environment, helping to maintain balance across a vast array of ecological niches plays. Within each site, microbes may form intricate multi-species communities capable of carrying out diverse and complex metabolic processes. The set of microbes inhabiting the human gut (the human gut microbiome) comprises one of the richest and most well-studied of these communities, and shifts in the composition of this microbiome have been shown to have significant implications for host health. However, while current comparative studies mostly focus on characterizing gut microbiomes in terms of the relative abundance of individual species or genes, such profiles offer limited translation to overall community capabilities, and may thus offer limited predictive capacity for effect on the host. Here, I develop frameworks for characterizing and comparing microbiomes as integrated systems, leveraging concepts from systems biology to provide a deeper context for interpreting differences in community composition. In chapter 1, I describe current efforts to characterize microbial communities and the potential advantages of a systems-level perspective. In chapter 2, I present a method for constructing and characterizing topological network models of microbial community metabolism, and then identify specific topological differences between human gut communities from healthy, obese, and IBD-afflicted individuals. The results suggest that the gut environment plays a critical role in shaping microbiome topology, or structure. In chapter 3, I examine gut communities from host species across the mammalian phylogenetic tree and identify groups of functionally-related genes that co-occur across hosts. I term these gene groups `assembly modules', and demonstrate their value for understanding the functional units of microbiome assembly and adaptation. In chapter 4, I relate differences in community function back to individual microbial strains, focusing on functions whose representation across organisms within a given species is community-dependent. Establishing a computational pipeline to detect these strain-specific functions, and generating a database of their frequency across 109 human gut microbiomes, I show that strain-specific functions are widespread among species associated with the gut environment, and that some of the most prominent, such as virulence, antibiotic resistance, and nutrient transport, may have significance for host-microbiome stability. Finally, in chapter 5, I offer some perspective on how the systems-level frameworks presented here may be used in future studies of microbial communities, potentially incorporating burgeoning new technologies and growing data resources, and how continued work in this vein may advance our understanding of the microbial world in relation to our own.
Download or read book Primate Conservation Biology written by Guy Cowlishaw and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2021-08-17 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the snub-nosed monkeys of China to the mountain gorillas of central Africa, our closest nonhuman relatives are in critical danger worldwide. A recent report, for example, warns that nearly 20 percent of the world's primates may go extinct within the next ten or twenty years. In this book Guy Cowlishaw and Robin Dunbar integrate cutting-edge theoretical advances with practical management priorities to give scientists and policymakers the tools they need to help keep these species from disappearing forever. Primate Conservation Biology begins with detailed overviews of the diversity, life history, ecology, and behavior of primates and the ways these factors influence primate abundance and distribution. Cowlishaw and Dunbar then discuss the factors that put primates at the greatest risk of extinction, especially habitat disturbance and hunting. The remaining chapters present a comprehensive review of conservation strategies and management practices, highlighting the key issues that must be addressed to protect primates for the future.
Download or read book Marsupial Nutrition written by Ian D. Hume and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-05-27 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive description of the food resources, digestive systems and metabolisms of marsupials, first published in 1999.
Download or read book Feeding Ecology in Apes and Other Primates written by Gottfried Hohmann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-10-19 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Download or read book Digestive Physiology and Metabolism in Ruminants written by Y. Ruckebusch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two questions could not be avoided in the avant-propos of this book; (i) what is the importance to man of ruminant livestock, and (ii) what results of practical relevance in the growing mountain of scientific verbiage could be found in the Proceedings of this Symposium. Herbivores are an integral and critical part of the natural ecosystem which must be preserved because of their impact on human welfare. Wh at makes ruminants especially important to man is that they can thrive on fibrous forage and are thus the only viable enterprise over much of the earth's surface where crop growing is impracti cable. They contribute a wide array of products in addition to 50000 000 tonnes ofmeat (1977) and represent a 'capital reserve' that can be drawn upon in times of emergency: milk for example (450000000 tonnes) can make the difference between subsistence and starvation. About 60% of the world's meat and 80 % of the milk are produced by one third of the world ruminant population in the developed regions and as much as 99 % of the power for agriculture is provided by the ruminant population in developing countries. For the next two decades, a probable increase by 30 % for . cattle and buffalo and more than 40 % for sheep and goats is expected by improving health, fertility, nutrition and genetic potential rather than feed resources.
Download or read book Saving the Tasmanian Devil written by Carolyn Hogg and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2019-08-01 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Tasmanian devil is threatened by Devil Facial Tumour Disease (DFTD), a transmissible form of cancer that has reduced the population by over 80%. Persecution, extreme climate events, vehicle collision and habitat destruction also put pressure on this endangered species. The recovery effort to save the Tasmanian devil commenced over 15 years ago as a collaborative initiative between the Tasmanian government, the Australian government, the Zoo and Aquarium Association Australasia, and many research institutions. Saving the Tasmanian Devil documents the journey taken by partner organisations in discovering what DFTD is, the effect it has on wild devil populations, and the outcomes achieved through research and management actions. Chapters describe all aspects of devil conservation, including the captive devil populations, applied pathology, immunology and genetic research findings, adaptive management, and the importance of advocacy and partnerships. This book will provide management practitioners and conservation scientists with insight into the complexities of undertaking a program of this scale, and will also be of value to researchers, students and others interested in conservation.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Microbiome Science written by Angela E. Douglas and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-08 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book provides an accessible and authoritative guide to the fundamental principles of microbiome science, an exciting and fast-emerging new discipline that is reshaping many aspects of the life sciences. Resident microbes in healthy animals--including humans--can dictate many traits of the animal host. This animal microbiome is a second immune system conferring protection against pathogens; it can structure host metabolism in animals as diverse as reef corals and hibernating mammals; and it may influence animal behavior, from social recognition to emotional states. These microbial partners can also drive ecologically important traits, from thermal tolerance to diet, and have contributed to animal diversification over long evolutionary timescales"--Publisher by publisher.
Download or read book Xenopus Development written by Malgorzata Kloc and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frogs from the genus Xenopus have long been used as model organisms in basic and biomedical research. These frogs have helped unlock key fundamental developmental and cellular processes that have led to important scientific breakthroughs and have had practical application in embryology, cancer research and regenerative medicine. Xenopus Development is a vital resource on the biology and development of these key model organisms, and will be a great tool to researchers using these frogs in various disciplines of biological science. Xenopus Development is divided into four sections, the first three highlight key processes in Xenopus development from embryo to metamophosis. These sections focus on the cellular processes, organogenesis and embryo development. The final section highlights novel techniques and approaches being used in Xenopus research. Providing thorough and detailed coverage, Xenopus Development, will be a timely and welcome volume for those working in cell and molecular biology, genetics, developmental biology and biomedical research. Provides broad overview of the developmental biology of both Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis Explores cellular to systems development in key biomedical model organisms Timely synthesis of the field of Xenopus biology Highlights key biomedical and basic biological findings unlocked by Xenopus
Download or read book Environmental Chemicals the Human Microbiome and Health Risk written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A great number of diverse microorganisms inhabit the human body and are collectively referred to as the human microbiome. Until recently, the role of the human microbiome in maintaining human health was not fully appreciated. Today, however, research is beginning to elucidate associations between perturbations in the human microbiome and human disease and the factors that might be responsible for the perturbations. Studies have indicated that the human microbiome could be affected by environmental chemicals or could modulate exposure to environmental chemicals. Environmental Chemicals, the Human Microbiome, and Health Risk presents a research strategy to improve our understanding of the interactions between environmental chemicals and the human microbiome and the implications of those interactions for human health risk. This report identifies barriers to such research and opportunities for collaboration, highlights key aspects of the human microbiome and its relation to health, describes potential interactions between environmental chemicals and the human microbiome, reviews the risk-assessment framework and reasons for incorporating chemicalâ€"microbiome interactions.