Download or read book The Utility of Dental Cementum Increment Analysis for Estimating Season of death in Naturally Decomposed Skeletons written by Lauren A. Meckel and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Determining the season-of-death (i.e. spring/summer or fall/winter) from human remains has significant implications for forensic anthropological and bioarchaeological investigations. In forensic anthropology, determining the season-of-death may greatly increase the accuracy of estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) in human remains. In bioarchaeology, knowing the season-of-death may contribute to the understanding of mortuary patterns, mortality periods, and identify changes in human behavior over time. Dental cementum increment analysis (DCIA), also known as cementochronology, is the microscopic examination of the alternating mineralized layers in dental cementum, the part of the tooth root that anchors the tooth to the bone. These layers are laid down incrementally twice a year and resemble the cross-section of a tree. Theoretically, under the microscope one bright ring represents the growth season (spring/summer) and one opaque ring represents the dormant season (fall/winter). Based on this theory, Wedel (2007) used DCIA to estimate the season-of-death with 99% accuracy in a sample of teeth extracted from living individuals. If Wedel (2007) is validated and the season-of-death can accurately be estimated in a sample of known individuals who decomposed in a natural environment, then this method will greatly improve the estimation of PMI in forensic contexts. The following study used DCIA to validate Wedel (2007) to determine if band translucency can effectively estimate season-of-death in human remains using a known date-of-death skeletal collection of individuals that have undergone natural decomposition processes similar to those examined by forensic anthropologists and bioarchaeologists. Additionally, causal factors for the appearance of cementum annulations in human teeth were investigated.
Download or read book Dental Cementum in Anthropology written by Stephan Naji and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-02-10 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the latest advances in cementochronology and its use in various anthropological contexts, from ancient fossils to forensic cases.
Download or read book Estimation of the Time since Death written by Jarvis Hayman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-04 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estimation of the Time Since Death is a current comprehensive work on the methods and research advances into the time since death and human decomposition. This work provides practitioners a starting point for research and practice to assist with the identification and analysis of human remains. It contains a collection of the latest scientific research, various estimation methods, and includes case studies, to highlight methodological application to real cases. This reference first provides an introduction, including the early postmortem period, biochemical methods, and the value of entomology in estimating the time since death, along with other factors affecting the decomposition process. Further coverage explores importance of microbial communities in estimating time since death. Separate chapters on aquatic environments, carbon 14 dating and amino acid racemization, and total body scoring will round out the reference. The final chapter ties together the various themes in the context of the longest running human decomposition facility in the world and outlines future research directions. - Provides the first comprehensive reference to bring together all aspects of knowledge relating to the estimation of the post-mortem interval in decomposed human bodies - Contains real case studies that underscore key estimation concepts - Demonstrates the changing role of technology and advances in the estimation of time since death
Download or read book From Marco to Micro written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this research is to determine the applicability of dental cementum increment analysis (DCIA) on a bioarchaeological sample and if applicability is determined, what these results suggest regarding age and season of death. The sample consists of 35 teeth coming from 22 individuals. Individuals included in this study were excavated in 1988, 2000, and 2012, with their dentition being harvested and exported back to San Diego State University for histological analysis in 2014. These individuals were given age at deathestimations during field analysis. Using DCIA, each individual is assigned a new age at death estimate and season of death is estimated as well. DCIA has been widely used on modern teeth with only a handful of published studies implementing this method on bioarchaeological samples. The beginning of this thesis includes background information on Oaxaca and the archaeological investigations in the lower Río Verde Valley, specifically at the site of Río Viejo. The 22 included individuals were excavated during three different projects, RV88, RV00, and PRV12, and from three different locations at Río Viejo, Mound 1, 8, and 9. In order to discuss the applicability of DCIA on bioarchaeological samples, first a review of commonly used age estimation methods will be addressed so a comparison of age estimations can be made. A section on histology explains dental cementum increment analysis and how samples are processed and analyzed. Using the histological results of this study, it is the conclusion of this thesis that DCIA is a viable method to use on bioarchaeological samples. The results indicate that clear histological sections can be obtained to estimate age and season of death. The new age estimates prove to have a smaller range and it is argued that this new estimate more accurately reflects each individual’s age at death. Results of the season of death further verify the use of DCIA, however, no significant differences can be seen when comparing the season of death in regard to sex, burial location, and time period.
Download or read book Age Estimation of the Human Skeleton written by Krista E. Latham and published by Charles C Thomas Publisher. This book was released on 2010 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Age Estimation of the Human Skeleton is a needed up-to-date book providing anthropologists and anatomists with a broad spectrum of techniques focused on aging human skeletal remains. It represents the most current reference book devoted entirely to estimating age at death for skeletonized and decomposed human remains and is a convenient starting point for practical and research applications. This book is a valuable reference for all individuals interested in the identification or analysis of human remains including forensic anthropologists, bioarchaeologists, forensic odontologists, pathologists and anatomists at student and professional levels. Age Estimation of the Human Skeleton would serve as an ideal supplemental textbook for introductory and advanced osteology and forensic anthropology courses. Age Estimation of the Human Skeleton is a collection of some of the latest research in age estimation techniques of human skeletal remains. It compiles recent scientific research on age at death estimation using dental and gross skeletal morphological indicators of age, as well as histological and multifactorial age estimation techniques. Age estimation methods from all life-stage categories, including: fetal, sub-adult, and adult are included in the book. Age Estimation of the Human Skeleton also includes chapters that evaluate and review the older, more traditional aging techniques as well as information that explores future directions and considerations for research in this area. Overall, Age Estimation of the Human Skeleton bolsters the references available to researchers in academic, laboratory, and medicolegal facilities and is an attractive text to a sizable spectrum of analysts.
Download or read book Age Estimation written by Joe Adserias-Garriga and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-11 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Age Estimation: A Multidisciplinary Approach is the only reference in the field covering all techniques and methods involving age estimation from different perspectives in just one volume. The book provides comprehensive coverage of all aspects of age estimation: aging the living and the dead, human rights, and skeletal, dental, histological and biochemical techniques and methods available. Each chapter is written by internationally known expert contributors. Age Estimation: A Multidisciplinary Approach is a one of a kind resource for those involved in estimating the age of the living and the dead. - Presents a concentration of all techniques and methods involving age estimation in a single volume - Provides a multidisciplinary approach that lends itself to researchers, practitioners and students from a variety of different fields - Includes contributions by world renowned forensic specialists
Download or read book Estimation of Skeletal Age at death from Dental Root Translucency written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estimating the biological profile for an unknown individual is a crucial part of forensic anthropology, bioarchaeology and paleodemography. The current research deals with one aspect of the biological profile: estimation of skeletal age-at-death. Several methods are available to estimate skeletal age-at-death, but most involve placing a skeletal element into a phase category. This type of phase-oriented age estimation, in addition to improper statistical methodology, leads to several problems: 1) observer subjectivity; 2) large age ranges and open-ended intervals; 3) stages that overlap one another; 4) aging bias; 5) age mimicry; and 6) taphonomic problems. Solutions to these methodological and statistical problems were offered by utilizing two dental metric features, translucency of the root and periodontal recession, and applying appropriate statistical analysis. Three skeletal collections, The Robert J. Terry Anatotomical Collection, The Baraybar Forensic Biosample Collection, and the Launchheim Medieval Cemetery Collection, dental remains were analyzed. Single-rooted teeth were analyzed following Lamendin et al's (1992) method. The data were analyzed in the R statistical package using Bayesian analysis and inverse calibration. Age-at-death estimates for the Baraybar sample were generated by two inverse calibration methods and Bayesian analysis. The three age estimates were compared to highlight inherent problems with the inverse calibration methods. The results showed that the Bayesian analysis reduced severity of several of the problems associated with adult skeletal age-at-death estimations. The Bayesian age-at-death estimates produced a lower overall mean error and higher correlation with actual age as compared to the inverse calibration methods for the Naraybar Forensic Biosample Collection. In addition, the Bayesian approach reduced aging bias, age mimicry, and the age ranges associated with the most probable age. The Baraybar Forensic Biosample Collection was used as a reference sample for the Launchheim sample. Age-at-death estimates were also generated for this sample employing the two inverse calibration methods and Bayesian analysis. This research lead to the conclusions that that periodontal recession cannot be used as a univariate age indicator, due to its low correlation with chronological age. On the contrary, apical translucency yielded a high correlation with chronological age and was concluded to be an important age indicator. The Bayesian approach offered the most appropriate statistical analysis for the estimation of age-at-death with the current samples.
Download or read book Estimation of the Time Since Death written by Burkhard Madea and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-06-21 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estimation of the Time Since Death remains the foremost authoritative book on scientifically calculating the estimated time of death postmortem. Building on the success of previous editions which covered both the early and later postmortem periods this edition includes a new chapter on DNA/RNA degradation and further new content on drug testing in hair, thus widening the scope of the material. Chapters have been improved, updated and expanded, and include new and additional images to enhance the text. A unique work of synthesis combining rigorous science with practical guidance, this update reinforces the book’s reputation as an invaluable resource – and also the standard – for the estimation of the time since death.
Download or read book Estimation of Time since Death in Australian Conditions written by Jarvis Hayman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-02-12 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estimation of Time since Death in Australian Conditions collates data about decomposed bodies found in the eastern states of Australia from the years 2000 to 2010. The book takes into account that over 70% of decomposed bodies were found within 14 days. From standard autopsy reports, a quantitative method of assessing the degree of decomposition in four specific body organs and the total appearance of the body was collated into a total body score (tbs). The mathematical models on how to estimate time since death in the eastern states of Australia are covered in this valuable resource. - Explores national statistical data concerning decomposed human bodies - Presents Total Body Score (TBS) from standardized autopsy reports - Includes research to prove the efficacy of a TBS from actual autopsies and actively decomposing bodies at a forensic research facility - Presents a compilation of mathematical models to estimate the time since death in human bodies found decomposed indoors in the eastern states and the Northern Territory of Australia
Download or read book A Comparative Study of Two Methods for Age Determination Using Nubian Dental Sample written by Tamer Mahmoued and published by . This book was released on 2013-08 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2010 in the subject Pedagogy - Science, Theory, Anthropology, grade: -, Cairo University (Institute of African Research and Studies), language: English, abstract: Estimation of adult skeletal age-at-death is not only one of themost important identifying features for an unknown individualbut also one of the most difficult to achieve especially among old adults. It has been demonstrated that when applied an aging method to independent populations of known age at death, it proves less reliable than theresults obtained when applying the method to samples from the populationused to formulate the methods. Moreover most adult skeletal agingmethodologies involve placing a skeletal element into a phase category. The purpose of the present study was to compare and evaluate two dentalmacroscopic age estimation criteria. Namely root dentine translucency (RDT)and dental root color measured as a mean value of the red, blue, and greencomponents of color (RGB). The sample consisted of 416 freshly extractedsingle rooted permanent teeth collected from 311 individuals referred to severaldentists and dental clinics in Kom Ombou district, south Egypt in the Nubianresettlement area. RDT and RGB were assessed using traditional (manual) andimage analysis quantification techniques.Analysis reveals that there is high linear correlation between both RDTand RGB values with age, with r = 0.951 and -0.985 respectively. Regressionanalyses yields a new set of equations to estimate age among Egyptian Nubianpopulation with high correlation values ranging from r = 0.90 to 0.97 and astandard error of the estimate ranging from 5.067 to 2.996. The bestestimates were obtained by combining both RGB and RDT. Additionally, theanalysis has shown that sex of the individual don't affect age assessment.It was concluded that RDT and RGB can be used to assess age at deathwith high accuracy. Moreover, this technique can form a basis of practicalapplication in establishing age a
Download or read book Oral Health in America written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Calcium Orthophosphates written by Sergey V. Dorozhkin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-06-04 with total page 863 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to a great chemical similarity with the biological calcified tissues, many calcium orthophosphates possess remarkable biocompatibility and bioactivity. Materials scientists use this property extensively to construct artificial bone grafts that are either entirely made of or only surface-coated with the biologically relevant calcium orthophospha
Download or read book The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Forensic Botany written by Heather Miller Coyle and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-09-15 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasingly, forensic scientists use plant evidence to reconstruct crimes. The forensic aspects of this subject require an understanding of what is necessary for botanical evidence to be accepted in our judicial system. Bringing together the latest information into a single resource, Forensic Botany: Principles and Applications to Criminal
Download or read book Review of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology written by Gautam Biswas and published by JP Medical Ltd. This book was released on 2012-07-20 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up-to-date information, substantial amount of material on clinical Forensic Medicine included in a nutshell. Medical Jurisprudence, Identification, Autopsy, Injuries, Sexual Offences, Forensic Psychiatry and Toxicology are dealt with elaborately.
Download or read book A Companion to Forensic Anthropology written by Dennis Dirkmaat and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Companion to Forensic Anthropology presents the most comprehensive assessment of the philosophy, goals, and practice of forensic anthropology currently available, with chapters by renowned international scholars and experts. Highlights the latest advances in forensic anthropology research, as well as the most effective practices and techniques used by professional forensic anthropologists in the field Illustrates the development of skeletal biological profiles and offers important new evidence on statistical validation of these analytical methods. Evaluates the goals and methods of forensic archaeology, including the preservation of context at surface-scattered remains, buried bodies and fatal fire scenes, and recovery and identification issues related to large-scale mass disaster scenes and mass grave excavation.
Download or read book Forensic Anthropology and Medicine written by Aurore Schmitt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-09 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent political, religious, ethnic, and racial conflicts, as well as mass disasters, have significantly helped to bring to light the almost unknown dis- pline of forensic anthropology. This science has become particularly useful to forensic pathologists because it aids in solving various puzzles, such as id- tifying victims and documenting crimes. On topics such as mass disasters and crimes against humanity, teamwork between forensic pathologists and for- sic anthropologists has significantly increased over the few last years. This relationship has also improved the study of routine cases in local medicolegal institutes. When human remains are badly decomposed, partially skelet- ized, and/or burned, it is particularly useful for the forensic pathologist to be assisted by a forensic anthropologist. It is not a one-way situation: when the forensic anthropologist deals with skeletonized bodies that have some kind of soft tissue, the advice of a forensic pathologist would be welcome. Forensic anthropology is a subspecialty/field of physical anthropology. Most of the background on skeletal biology was gathered on the basis of sk- etal remains from past populations. Physical anthropologists then developed an indisputable “know-how”; nevertheless, one must keep in mind that looking for a missing person or checking an assumed identity is quite a different matter. Pieces of information needed by forensic anthropologists require a higher level of reliability and accuracy than those granted in a general archaeological c- text. To achieve a positive identification, findings have to match with e- dence, particularly when genetic identification is not possible.
