Download or read book Ethnic Cleansing During the Cold War written by Tomasz Kamusella and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In mid-1989, the Bulgarian communist regime seeking to prop up its legitimacy played the ethnonational card by expelling 360,000 Turks and Muslims across the Iron Curtain to neighboring Turkey. It was the single largest ethnic cleansing during the Cold War in Europe after the wrapping up of the postwar expulsions (‘population transfers’) of ethnic Germans from Central Europe in the latter half of the 1940s. Furthermore, this expulsion of Turks and Muslims from Bulgaria was the sole unilateral act of ethnic cleansing that breached the Iron Curtain. The 1989 ethnic cleansing was followed by an unprecedented return of almost half of the expellees, after the collapse of the Bulgarian communist regime. The return, which partially reversed the effects of this ethnic cleansing, was the first-ever of its kind in history. Despite the unprecedented character of this 1989 expulsion and the subsequent return, not a single research article, let alone a monograph, has been devoted to these momentous developments yet. However, the tragic events shape today’s Bulgaria, while the persisting attempts to suppress the remembrance of the 1989 expulsion continue sharply dividing the country’s inhabitants. Without remembering about this ethnic cleansing it is impossible to explain the fall of the communist system in Bulgaria and the origins of ethnic cleansing during the Yugoslav wars. Faltering Yugoslavia’s future ethnic cleansers took a good note that neither Moscow nor Washington intervened in neighboring Bulgaria to stop the 1989 expulsion, which in light of international law was then still the legal instrument of ‘population transfer.’ The as yet unhealed wound of the 1989 ethnic cleansing negatively affects the Bulgaria’s relations with Turkey and the European Union. It seems that the only way out of this debilitating conundrum is establishing a truth and reconciliation commission that at long last would ensure transitional justice for all Bulgarians irrespective of language, religion or ethnicity.
Download or read book Turkish and Other Muslim Minorities in Bulgaria written by Ali Eminov and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1997. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book The Turks of Bulgaria 1878 1985 written by Bilâl N. Şimşir and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The plight of the Turkish people living in Bulgaria since it ceased to be part of the Ottoman Empire deserves to be better understood by the world at large than it has been up to now. It is a painful story of the progressive violations of the human rights of a people who constituted about a third of the whole population. The author is an authority on Turkish and Ottoman history and in the present book he recounts with a wealth of documentary material the oppression of the Turks under Bulgarian rule starting with the Monarchy and ending with the People's Republic. It is an indictment of the persistent Bulgarianization of the Turks, often by force, in the fields of language, education, culture, freedom of speech, sport, local administration, and the right of emigration." --Dust jacket.
Download or read book Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East written by William Ewart Gladstone and published by . This book was released on 1876 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Managing Invisibility written by Hande Sözer and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2014-07-24 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Managing Invisibility, Hande Sözer examines complicated invisibilities of Alevi Bulgarian Turks, a double-minority which faces structural discrimination in Bulgaria and Turkey. While the literature portrays minorities’ visibility as a requirement for their empowerment or a source of their surveillance, the book argues that for such minorities what matters is their control over their own visibility. To make this point, it focuses on the concept protective dissimulation, a strategy of self-imposed invisibility. It discusses cases indicating Alevi Bulgarian Turks’ strategies of dealing with historically changing majorities in their larger societies and argues that dissimulation actually reinforces the intergroup distinctions for the minority’s members. The data for the book was gathered during 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Bulgaria and Turkey.
Download or read book The Turks of Bulgaria written by Kemal H. Karpat and published by University of Wisconsin Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction : Bulgaria's methods of nation building and the Turkish minority / Kemal H. Karpat -- Turkish settlements in Rumelia (Bulgaria) in the 15th and 16th centuries / İlhan Șahin, Feridun M. Emecen, Yusuf Halac̦oğlu -- The Turks in Bulgaria, 1878-1944 / R.J. Crampton -- Urban development in Bulgaria in the Turkish period / Machiel Kiel -- The Turkish minority in Bulgaria / Bilâl N. Șimșir -- Ahmed aga Tǎmrašlijata, the last derebey of the Rhodopes / Bernard Lory -- There are no Turks in Bulgaria / Ali Eminov -- Turkish influence on Bulgarian / Alf Grannes -- The rights of minorities in international law and treaties / A. Mete Tuncoku.
Download or read book Bulgaria and Europe written by Stefanos Katsikas and published by Anthem Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Bulgaria and Europe: Shifting Identities' offers a comprehensive analysis of Bulgaria's relationship with the European continent, focusing particularly on its accession to the EU and the aftermath.
Download or read book The Orient Within written by Mary C. Neuburger and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-15 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bulgaria is a Slavic nation, Orthodox in faith but with a sizable Muslim minority. That minority is divided into various ethnic groups, including the most numerically significant Turks and the so-called Pomaks, Bulgarian-speaking men and women who have converted to Islam. Mary Neuburger explores how Muslim minorities were integral to Bulgaria's struggle to extricate itself from its Ottoman past and develop a national identity, a process complicated by its geographic and historical positioning between evolving and imagined parameters of East and West. The Orient Within examines the Slavic majority's efforts to conceptualize and manage Turkish and Pomak identities and bodies through gendered dress practices, renaming of people and places, and land reclamation projects. Neuburger shows that the relationship between Muslims and the Bulgarian majority has run the gamut from accommodation to forced removal to total assimilation from 1878, when Bulgaria acquired autonomy from the Ottoman Empire, to 1989, when Bulgaria's Communist dictatorship collapsed. Neuburger subjects the concept of Orientalism to an important critique, showing its relevance and complexity in the Bulgarian context, where national identity and modernity were brokered in the shadow of Western Europe, Russia/USSR, and Turkey.
Download or read book Muslim Lives in Eastern Europe written by Kristen Ghodsee and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-27 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Muslim Lives in Eastern Europe examines how gender identities were reconfigured in a Bulgarian Muslim community following the demise of Communism and an influx of international aid from the Islamic world. Kristen Ghodsee conducted extensive ethnographic research among a small population of Pomaks, Slavic Muslims living in the remote mountains of southern Bulgaria. After Communism fell in 1989, Muslim minorities in Bulgaria sought to rediscover their faith after decades of state-imposed atheism. But instead of returning to their traditionally heterodox roots, isolated groups of Pomaks embraced a distinctly foreign type of Islam, which swept into their communities on the back of Saudi-financed international aid to Balkan Muslims, and which these Pomaks believe to be a more correct interpretation of their religion. Ghodsee explores how gender relations among the Pomaks had to be renegotiated after the collapse of both Communism and the region's state-subsidized lead and zinc mines. She shows how mosques have replaced the mines as the primary site for jobless and underemployed men to express their masculinity, and how Muslim women have encouraged this as a way to combat alcoholism and domestic violence. Ghodsee demonstrates how women's embrace of this new form of Islam has led them to adopt more conservative family roles, and how the Pomaks' new religion remains deeply influenced by Bulgaria's Marxist-Leninist legacy, with its calls for morality, social justice, and human solidarity.
Download or read book Liberalism Constitutional Nationalism and Minorities written by Constantin Iordachi and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-06-17 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2019 CEU Award for Outstanding Research This book documents the making of Romanian citizenship from 1750 to 1918 as a series of acts of national self-determination by the Romanians, as well as the emancipation of subordinated gender, social, and ethno-religious groups. It focuses on the progression of a sum of transnational “questions” that were at the heart of North-Atlantic, European, and local politics during the long nineteenth century, concerning the status of peasants, women, Greeks, Jews, Roma, Armenians, Muslims, and Dobrudjans. The analysis emphasizes the fusion between nationalism and liberalism, and the emancipatory impact national-liberalism had on the transition from the Old Regime to the modern order of the nation-state. While emphasizing liberalism's many achievements, the study critically scrutinizes the liberal doctrine of legal-political “capacity” and the dark side of nationalism, marked by tendencies toward exclusion. It highlights the challenges nascent liberal democracies face in the process of consolidation and the enduring appeal of illiberalism in periods of upheaval, represented mainly by nativism. The book's innovative interdisciplinary approach to citizenship in the Ottoman and post-Ottoman Balkans and the richness of the sources employed, appeal to a diverse readership.
Download or read book Destroying Ethnic Identity written by Jeri Laber and published by Human Rights Watch. This book was released on 1987 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CONTENTS.
Download or read book On the Unhappiness of Being Greek written by Nikos Dimou and published by John Hunt Publishing. This book was released on 2013-02-08 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Required reading for anyone wishing to understand how the Greek crisis came about and what it means to be Greek today written by a controversial patriot and native of Greece. , , , , , , ,
Download or read book Border written by Kapka Kassabova and published by Graywolf Press. This book was released on 2017-09-05 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Remarkable: a book about borders that makes the reader feel sumptuously free.” —Peter Pomerantsev In this extraordinary work of narrative reportage, Kapka Kassabova returns to Bulgaria, from where she emigrated as a girl twenty-five years previously, to explore the border it shares with Turkey and Greece. When she was a child, the border zone was rumored to be an easier crossing point into the West than the Berlin Wall, and it swarmed with soldiers and spies. On holidays in the “Red Riviera” on the Black Sea, she remembers playing on the beach only miles from a bristling electrified fence whose barbs pointed inward toward the enemy: the citizens of the totalitarian regime. Kassabova discovers a place that has been shaped by successive forces of history: the Soviet and Ottoman empires, and, older still, myth and legend. Her exquisite portraits of fire walkers, smugglers, treasure hunters, botanists, and border guards populate the book. There are also the ragged men and women who have walked across Turkey from Syria and Iraq. But there seem to be nonhuman forces at work here too: This densely forested landscape is rich with curative springs and Thracian tombs, and the tug of the ancient world, of circular time and animism, is never far off. Border is a scintillating, immersive travel narrative that is also a shadow history of the Cold War, a sideways look at the migration crisis troubling Europe, and a deep, witchy descent into interior and exterior geographies.
Download or read book The Turkish atrocities in Bulgaria letters With mr Schuyler s preliminary report written by Januarius Aloysius MacGahan and published by . This book was released on 1876 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stefan Stambolov and the Emergence of Modern Bulgaria 1870 1895 written by Duncan M. Perry and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Little known in the United States but increasingly important in the affairs of southeastern Europe, Bulgaria is a land with a stormy history. No less stormy is the story of Stefan Stambolov, who ruled the country during some of its most turbulent years. Duncan M. Perry's biography of Stambolov, the first in English in the twentieth century, illuminates the life, motives, and personality of this major figure. Perry begins with Bulgaria in the tumultuous years immediately following its founding in 1878. After the ousting of the country's first prince, Stambolov enters the stage as the fiery young lawyer who restored him to the throne. Although the prince promptly abdicated, Stambolov stepped into the breach and led the nation during the interregnum. Perry traces this patriotic politician's transformation into an authoritarian prime minister. He shows how Stambolov stabilized the Bulgarian economy and brought relative security to the land--but not without cost to himself and his regime. Perry depicts a man whose promotion of Bulgaria's independence exacted its price in individual rights, a ruler whose assassination in 1895 was the cause of both rejoicing and sorrow. Stambolov thus emerges from these pages as a complex historical figure, an authoritarian ruler who protected his country's liberty at the cost of the people's freedom and whose dictatorial policies set Bulgaria upon a course of stability and modernization. An afterword compares the Bulgarian liberation era of Stambolov with the communist-era dictator, Todor Zhikov, analyzing similarities and differences.
Download or read book Nineteenth century Local Governance in Ottoman Bulgaria written by M. Safa Saracoglu and published by . This book was released on with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a detailed exploration of the way in which administrative and judicial offices and practices provided an essential space for politics in 19th-century Bulgaria, securing local inhabitants' participation with Ottoman imperial governance.
Download or read book Balkan Popular Culture and the Ottoman Ecumene written by Donna A. Buchanan and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2007-10-01 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early twentieth century, 'balkanization' has signified the often militant fracturing of territories, states, or groups along ethnic, religious, and linguistic divides. Yet the remarkable similarities found among contemporary Balkan popular music reveal the region as the site of a thriving creative dialogue and interchange. The eclectic interweaving of stylistic features evidenced by Albanian commercial folk music, Anatolian pop, Bosnian sevdah-rock, Bulgarian pop-folk, Greek ethniki mousike, Romanian muzica orientala, Serbian turbo folk, and Turkish arabesk, to name a few, points to an emergent regional popular culture circuit extending from southeastern Europe through Greece and Turkey. While this circuit is predicated upon older cultural confluences from a shared Ottoman heritage, it also has taken shape in active counterpoint with a variety of regional political discourses. Containing eleven ethnographic case studies, Balkan Popular Culture and the Ottoman Ecumene: Music, Image, and Regional Political Discourse examines the interplay between the musicians and popular music styles of the Balkan states during the late 1990s. These case studies, each written by an established regional expert, encompass a geographical scope that includes Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Croatia, Slovenia, Romania, Greece, Turkey, Serbia, and Montenegro. The book is accompanied by a VCD that contains a photo gallery, sound files, and music video excerpts.
