Download or read book Degradation and Stabilisation of PVC written by J. Owen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyvinyl chloride has played a key role in the development of the plastics industry over the past 40 years and continues to be a polymer of major importance. The reasons for its enormous versatility and range of application derive from a combination of the basic structure which gives rise to a relatively tough and rigid material and its ability to accept a range of plasticisers and other additives which can modify its physical characteristics to produce a range of flexible products. Two major problems, however, have tested the skill and ingenuity of PVC technologists since earliest times. One is the thermal instability of the material at the temperatures required for melt processing and fabrication, and the second is the photochemical instability which until recently has limited the potentially large range of outdoor applications. Both problems have been handled in a commercially satisfactory way by the gradual development of a range of stabilisers, lubricants and other processing aids and the high quality material which has resulted has led to massive utilisation of PVC by industry. Totally adequate stabilisation requires a detailed understanding of the mechanisms by which degradation processes are initiated and propagated. Although great advances have been made in this respect in recent years the problem remains incompletely understood. This book presents an account of the present position and the problems which remain to be solved.
Download or read book Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials written by Krzysztof Pielichowski and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the thermal degradation of polymers is of paramount importance for developing a rational technology of polymer processing and higher-temperature applications. Controlling degradation requires understanding of many different phenomena, including chemical mechanisms, the influence of polymer morphology, the complexities of oxidation chemistry, and the effects of stabilisers, fillers and other additives. This book offers a wealth of information for polymer researchers and processors requiring an understanding of the implications of thermal degradation on material and product performance.
Download or read book Precision Process Technology written by M.P.C. Weijnen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New process technology strategies are required to cope with the future. Fossil feedstocks are losing ground in favour of renewable feedstocks and secondary resources. Conventional processing routes using thermal `sledgehammer' techniques are replaced by highly selective (bio)catalytic conversions. The future process engineer is neither allowed to think in terms of unit operations, nor to take for granted the conventional practice of continuous steady state processing. Hybrid systems and transient operations are more and more frequently encountered. The continuing impressive progress being made in process modelling and control will revolutionize the process industries. In the new generation of chemical production processes the keyword is precision. Precision in terms of selectivity and of efficiency, is required to maximize the utilisation of materials and energy. Moreover, enhanced precision is needed to exploit the quality of materials and energy to the full extent. Only by reducing the squandering of materials, energy and quality will a harmonious relationship be established between the process industries, the economy, and the environment. Process integration, as well as an integrated effort by the disciplines involved in process technology, will be of crucial importance in attaining the goals of precision process technology. These emerging strategies involve an active exchange of tools and ideas between a variety of disciplines, not only in plant design and operation, but even more in the early stages of process development and design. By looking from various angles at what the future has in store for the process industries, this volume systematically lifts the corners of the veil and may inspire to establish a new tradition of precision in process technology.
Download or read book Photostabilization of Polymers written by J.F. Rabek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last two decades, the production of polymers and plastics has been increasing rapidly. In spite of developing new polymers and polymeric materials, only 40-60 are used commercially on a large scale. It has been estimated that half of the annual production of polymers is employed outdoors. Increasing the stability of polymers and plastics towards heat, light, atmospheric oxygen and other environmental agents and weathering conditions has always been a very important problem. The photochemical instability of most of polymers limits them to outdoor application, where they are photo degraded fast over periods ranging from months to a few years. To the despair of technologists and consumers alike, photodegrada tion and environmental ageing of polymers occur much faster than can be expected from knowledge collected in laboratories. In many cases, improved methods of preparation and purification of both monomers and polymers yield products of better quality and higher resistance to heat and light. However, without stabilization of polymers by applica tion of antioxidants (to decrease thermal oxidative degradation) and photostabilizers (to decrease photo-oxidative degradation) it would be impossible to employ polymers and plastics in everyday use.
Download or read book Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-03-12 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry: Recent Advances, Techniques and Applications, Volume Six, Second Edition, presents the latest in a series that has been well received by the thermal analysis and calorimetry community. This volume covers recent advances in techniques and applications that complement the earlier volumes. There has been tremendous progress in the field in recent years, and this book puts together the most high-impact topics selected for their popularity by new editors Sergey Vyazovkin, Nobuyoshi Koga and Christoph Schick—all editors of Thermochimica Acta. Among the important new techniques covered are biomass conversion; sustainable polymers; polymer nanocompsoties; nonmetallic glasses; phase change materials; propellants and explosives; applications to pharmaceuticals; processes in ceramics, metals, and alloys; ionic liquids; fast-scanning calorimetry, and more. - Features 19 all-new chapters to bring readers up to date on the current status of the field - Provides a broad overview of recent progress in the most popular techniques and applications - Includes chapters authored by a recognized leader in each field and compiled by a new team of editors, each with at least 20 years of experience in the field of thermal analysis and calorimetry - Enables applications across a wide range of modern materials, including polymers, metals, alloys, ceramics, energetics and pharmaceutics - Overviews the current status of the field and summarizes recent progress in the most popular techniques and applications
Download or read book Polyvinyl Chloride Degradation written by George Wypych and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1985 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Good,No Highlights,No Markup,all pages are intact, Slight Shelfwear,may have the corners slightly dented, may have slight color changes/slightly damaged spine.
Download or read book Oxidative Thermal Degradation of PVC derived Fiberglass Cotton and Jute Brattices and Other Mine Materials written by Maria I. De Rosa and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book PVC Technology written by M.V. Titow and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1984-09-30 with total page 1266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book continues the tradition of the first two editions of the late W. S. Penn's original PVC Technology, and the extensively revised third (1971) edition prepared by myself and B. J. Lanham. In the present edition the original general format, and the arrange ment of chapters, have been largely preserved, but virtually nothing now remains of Penn's own text: a part of the contents is based on material from the 1971 TitowlLanham version (revised, updated and mainly rewritten): the rest is new, including, inter alia, several chapters specially contributed by experts from the plastics industry in the UK and Europe. The section listing international (ISO) and national (BS, ASTM and DIN) standards relevant to PVC, which was first intro duced (as Appendix 1) in the 1971 edition, proved a popularfeature: it has now been brought up to date and considerably extended. Two further appendices provide, respectively, comprehensive unit conver sion"tables (with additional information on some ofthe mostfrequently encountered units, and the SI units), and a list of many properties of interest in PVC materials, with definitions, typical numerical values, and references~to relevant standard test methods. For various reasons, work on this edition involved more than the usual quota of problems: I am truly grateful to the Publisher's Manag ing Editor, Mr G. B. Olley, for his understanding, patience, unfailing courtesy and friendly encouragement.
Download or read book Polymer Stabilization and Degradation written by Peter P. Klemchuk and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Progress in Polymer Degradation and Stability Research written by Herbert W. Moeller and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007-06-11 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer degradation is a change in the properties -- tensile strength, colour, shape, etc -- of a polymer or polymer based product under the influence of one or more environmental factors such as heat, light or chemicals. These changes may be undesirable, such as changes during use, or desirable, as in biodegradation or deliberately lowering the molecular weight of a polymer. Such changes occur primarily because of the effect of these factors on the chemical composition of the polymer. In a finished product such a change is to be prevented or delayed. However, the degradation process can be useful from the view points of understanding the structure of a polymer or recycling/reusing the polymer waste to prevent or reduce environmental pollution. Polymers molecules are very large on the molecular scale which derive their unique and useful properties from their size.
Download or read book Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials written by Krzysztof Pielichowski and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-11-05 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal Degradation of Polymeric Materials, Second Edition offers a wealth of information for polymer researchers and processors who require a thorough understanding of the implications of thermal degradation on materials and product performance. Sections cover thermal degradation mechanisms and kinetics, as well as various techniques, such as thermogravimetry in combination with mass spectroscopy and infrared spectrometry to investigate thermal decomposition routes. Other chapters focus on polymers and copolymers, including polyolefins, styrene polymers, polyvinyl chloride, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyesters, polyacrylates, natural polymers, inorganic polymers, high temperature-resistant and conducting polymers, blends, organic-inorganic hybrid materials, nanocomposites, and biocomposites. Finally, other key considerations such as recycling of polymers by thermal degradation, thermal degradation during processing, and modelling, are discussed in detail. - Explains mechanisms of polymer degradation, making it possible to understand and predict material behavior at elevated temperatures - Offers systematic coverage of each polymer group that is supported by data detailed explanations and critical analysis - Investigates thermal decomposition routes in new materials, such as organic-inorganic hybrid materials and polymer nanocomposites
Download or read book Engineered Materials Handbook Desk Edition written by ASM International. Handbook Committee and published by ASM International. This book was released on 1995-11-01 with total page 1313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference on the properties, selection, processing, and applications of the most widely used nonmetallic engineering materials. Section 1, General Information and Data, contains information applicable both to polymers and to ceramics and glasses. It includes an illustrated glossary, a collection of engineering tables and data, and a guide to materials selection. Sections 2 through 7 focus on polymeric materials--plastics, elastomers, polymer-matrix composites, adhesives, and sealants--with the information largely updated and expanded from the first three volumes of the Engineered Materials Handbook. Ceramics and glasses are covered in Sections 8 through 12, also with updated and expanded information. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book PVC Degradation and Stabilization written by George Wypych and published by ChemTec Publishing. This book was released on 2008-05-30 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the global renewal of interest in PVC, this comprehensive book is well timed. Considering that PVC stabilization is the most important part of its formulation and performance, only four books have ever been published on this subject, and none since the 1980s. This book contains information on: chemical structure; PVC manufacturing technology; morphology; degradation by thermal energy and UV, gamma, and other forms of radiation; mechanodegradation; chemical degradation; analytic methods used in studying degradative and stabilization processes; stabilization; and the effect of PVC and its additives on health, safety, and environment. This is the one authoritative source on this subject.
Download or read book Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics written by ASM International and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The selection and application of engineered materials is an integrated process that requires an understanding of the interaction between materials properties, manufacturing characteristics, design considerations, and the total life cycle of the product. This reference book on engineering plastics provides practical and comprehensive coverage on how the performance of plastics is characterized during design, property testing, and failure analysis. The fundamental structure and properties of plastics are reviewed for general reference, and detailed articles describe the important design factors, properties, and failure mechanisms of plastics. The effects of composition, processing, and structure are detailed in articles on the physical, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Other articles cover failure mechanisms such as: crazing and fracture; impact loading; fatigue failure; wear failures, moisture related failure; organic chemical related failure; photolytic degradation; and microbial degradation. Characterization of plastics in failure analysis is described with additional articles on analysis of structure, surface analysis, and fractography.
Download or read book Polymer Additives written by Jiri E. Kresta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since the beginning of the plastics and rubber industry, it was realized that useful products could be produced only if cer tain additives were incorporated into polymers. With the help of these additives, when physically dispersed in a polymer matrix, it has been possible to improve stability against thermal, oxidative, UV, hydrolytic and biological degradation, mechanical properties, flammability, cost, and processibility of plastics. The enormous growth of the volume of plastics consumed by modern society, and new application areas for plastics, have created a demand for new, better additives and better understanding of their functions in polymer systems. As a result of these trends there is a need for sharing of information on progress achieved in the area of polymer additives among engineers and scientists of the plastics industry and academia. This book is based on expanded and updated papers originally presented at the International Symposium on Polymer Additives, which was held in Las Vegas, Nevada, and was sponsored by the American Chemical Society, Division of Polymeric Materials Science and Engi neering. The book is divided into five parts which cover advances in various areas of polymer additives. The first part is devoted to the progress in understanding of UV degradation and stabilization of various polymers. Oxidation degradation and stabilization of plastic materials is covered in the second part. New developments in the stabilization of PVC are presented in the third part.
Download or read book Structure and Properties of Wood Polymer Composites WPC written by Alexander Askadskii and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2019-03-05 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At present, the use of polymer composites filled with wood (WPC) is becoming increasingly popular. In particular, flooring of terraced premises, siding, decorative fences, fence systems, steps, universal profiles, among others are made from WPC. In 1977, the first enterprise for the production of WPC appeared in Sweden. The first experience was not very successful – the demand turned out to be low, and the wear of technological equipment was very high. Therefore, developments in this field were resumed only in the 1990s and continue to this day. This book describes the basic physical and mechanical properties of modern WPC, such as tensile and compression strength, and hardness. Also, the influence of climatic factors on the performance properties of products from WPC is described, while the thermal and rheological properties of WPC materials are considered, which directly affect the consumer characteristics of the products. The book contains theoretical developments related to the prediction of the mechanical and thermal properties of polymers and composites. The Van der Waals volume and the energy of the intermolecular interaction are estimated. This book will be of interest to representatives of the WPC market, designers, and architects, as well as technology engineers, students and post-graduate students of higher educational institutions in the fields of chemistry and physics of composite polymer materials.
Download or read book Feedstock Recycling of Plastic Wastes written by Jose Aguado and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of plastic materials has seen a massive increase in recent years, and generation of plastic wastes has grown proportionately. Recycling of these wastes to reduce landfill disposal is problematic due to the wide variation in properties and chemical composition among the different types of plastics. Feedstock recycling is one of the alternatives available for consideration, and Feedstock Recycling of Plastic Wastes looks at the conversion of plastic wastes into valuable chemicals useful as fuels or raw materials. Looking at both scientific and technical aspects of the recycling developments, this book describes the alternatives available. Areas include chemical depolymerization, thermal processes, oxidation and hydrogenation. Besides conventional treatments, new technological approaches for the degradation of plastics, such as conversion under supercritical conditions and coprocessing with coal are discussed. This book is essential reading for those involved in plastic recycling, whether from an academic or industrial perspective. Consultants and government agencies will also find it immensely useful.
