Download or read book The Study on the Influence of Diesel Fuel Oxygenates on Exhaust Emissions written by Miłosław Kozak and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study discusses the use of oxygenated fuels in reduction of exhaust emissions from diesel engines. The study analyzes the physicochemical properties of oxygenated compounds in diesel fuels based on which 12 such compounds were selected for experimental research (glycol ethers, maleates, carbonates and alcohols). The study presents the results of investigations of the influence of oxygenated fuels on the exhaust emissions under dynamic homologation cycle chassis dynamometer conditions (diesel passenger vehicle, NEDC and FTP-75 cycles). The relationship among the content of individual oxygenated compounds, the conditions of the tests cycle and the exhaust emissions has been ascertained. The performed studies and experimental research have shown that the application of oxygenated fuels in diesel engines results in a significant reduction of the PM emission at a small increase in the emission of NOx. Changes in the emission of CO and HC depend not only on the oxygen content in the fuel but also on the self-ignition quality of the applied oxygenated compounds. The application of oxygenated fuels does not influence the emission of CO2. Out of the analyzed oxygenated compounds, the most advantageous emission changes (reduction of the emission of PM, CO and HC at a small increase in the emission of NOx) are generated by the compounds of the glycol ethers group.
Download or read book IMPACT OF OXYGENATED FUEL ON DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As evidenced by recent lawsuits brought against operators of large diesel truck fleets [1] and by the Consent Decree brought against the heavy-duty diesel manufacturers [2], the environmental and health effects of diesel engine emissions continue to be a significant concern. Reduction of diesel engine emissions has traditionally been achieved through a combination of fuel system, combustion chamber, and engine control modifications [3]. Catalytic aftertreatment has become common on modern diesel vehicles, with the predominant device being the diesel oxidation catalytic converter [3]. To enable advanced after-treatment devices and to directly reduce emissions, significant recent interest has focused on reformulation of diesel fuel, particularly the reduction of sulfur content. The EPA has man-dated that diesel fuel will have only 15 ppm sulfur content by 2007, with current diesel specifications requiring around 300 ppm [4]. Reduction of sulfur will permit sulfur-sensitive aftertreatment devices, continuously regenerating particulate traps, NOx control catalysts, and plasma assisted catalysts to be implemented on diesel vehicles [4]. Another method of reformulating diesel fuel to reduce emissions is to incorporate oxygen in the fuel, as was done in the reformulation of gasoline. The use of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in reformulated gasoline has resulted in contamination of water resources across the country [5]. Nonetheless, by relying on the lessons learned from MTBE, oxygenation of diesel fuel may be accomplished without compromising water quality. Oxygenation of diesel fuel offers the possibility of reducing particulate matter emissions significantly, even for the current fleet of diesel vehicles. The mechanism by which oxygen content leads to particulate matter reductions is still under debate, but recent evidence shows clearly that ''smokeless'' engine operation is possible when the oxygen content of diesel fuel reaches roughly 38% by weight [6]. The potential improvements in energy efficiency within the transportation section, particularly in sport utility vehicles and light-duty trucks, that can be provided by deployment of diesel engines in passenger cars and trucks is a strong incentive to develop cleaner burning diesel engines and cleaner burning fuels for diesel engines. Thus, serious consideration of oxygenated diesel fuels is of significant practical interest and value to society. In the present work, a diesel fuel reformulating agent, CETANERTM, has been examined in a popular light-medium duty turbodiesel engine over a range of blending ratios. This additive is a mixture of glycol ethers and can be produced from dimethyl ether, which itself can be manufactured from synthesis gas using Air Products' Liquid Phase Dimethyl Ether (LPDME TM) technology. CETANERTM is a liquid, has an oxygen content of 36 wt.%, has a cetane number over 100 and is highly miscible in diesel fuel. This combination of physical and chemical properties makes CETANERTM an attractive agent for oxygenating diesel fuel. The present study considered CETANERTM ratios from 0 to 40 wt.% in a California Air Resources Board (CARB) specification diesel fuel. Particulate matter emissions, gaseous emissions and in-cylinder pressure traces were monitored over the AVL 8-Mode engine test protocol [7]. This paper presents the results from these measurements and discusses the implications of using high cetane number oxygenates in diesel fuel reformulation.
Download or read book Alternative Fuels written by Krzysztof Biernat and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-03-24 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presented book provides an overview of the most widely used alternative fuels in the power supply systems in spark-ignition engines and compression-ignition engines, such as LPG, CNG and RME, including the assessment of their operational usefulness, especially in terms of environmental impact in urban traffic. The possibilities of optimizing the ignition processes in engines fueled by gas are presented. The monograph also contains the results of exploitation tests with an assessment of the environmental impact of fuels containing oxygen additives in diesel engines. The possibilities of producing a wide range of advanced alternative fuels (biofuels) with the use of microorganisms as raw materials are also presented.
Download or read book Health Effects Associated with Diesel Exhaust Emissions written by Joseph Santodonato and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diesel Combustion and Emissions written by Society of Automotive Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Oxygenates Blended with Diesel Fuel on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Compression ignition Engine written by Adelbert Su-Tseh Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oxygenates for Advanced Petroleum Based Diesel Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxygenates for diesel fuel are organic compounds such as alcohols ethers and ketones that contain a relatively high concentration of oxygen, The purpose of adding oxygenates to diesel fuel is to reduce the emissions of particulate matter (PM) in the exhaust, The goal of this project was to select two candidate oxygenate compounds that will be used in a full-scale engine test program to determine which oxygenate will give the greatest improvement in exhaust emissions and performance when blended with conventional diesel. The literature was reviewed for impact of oxygenates on PM emissions to compile oxygenate properties and select test fuel oxygen level. A hypothesis of the mechanism of oxygenate effect on PM formation was developed. Physicochemical properties of oxygenate candidates were collected. Property data was used to screen oxygenates for use in diesel fuel. Oxygenates were ranked according to toxicity and biodegradability. The economics of oxygenate production was estimated. Eight oxygenates were selected for making oxygenate diesel fuel blends for emission testing in a 2.2L diesel engine at a single operating condition (Mode 6). The two most promising oxygenates were recommended for making oxygenate diesel fuel blends for future emission testing.
Download or read book Biokerosene written by Martin Kaltschmitt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-09 with total page 761 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed overview of aspects related to the overall provision chain for biokerosene as part of the global civil aviation business. Starting with a review of the current market situation for aviation fuels and airplanes and their demands, it then presents in-depth descriptions of classical and especially new types of non-edible biomass feedstock suitable for biokerosene provision. Subsequent chapters discuss those fuel provision processes that are already available and those still under development based on various biomass feedstock materials, and present e.g. an overview of the current state of the art in the production of a liquid biomass-based fuel fulfilling the specifications for kerosene. Further, given the growing interest of the aviation industry and airlines in biofuels for aviation, the experiences of an air-carrier are presented. In closing, the book provides a market outlook for biokerosene. Addressing a broad range of aspects related to the pros and cons of biokerosene as a renewable fuel for aviation, the book offers a unique resource.
Download or read book Effects of Oxygenated Fuels on Direct Injection Diesel Combustion and Emissions written by Brian Eric Hallgren and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diesel and Gasoline Engine Exhausts and Some Nitroarenes written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by IARC Monographs on the Evaluat. This book was released on 2015-06-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of diesel and gasoline engine exhausts, and of 10 nitroarenes found in diesel engine exhaust: 3,7-dinitrofluoranthene, 3,9-dinitrofluoranthene, 1,3-dinitropyrene, 1,6-dinitropyrene, 1,8-dinitropyrene, 6-nitrochrysene, 2-nitrofluorene, 1-nitropyrene, 4-nitropyrene, and 3-nitrobenzanthrone. Diesel engines are used for transport on and off roads (e.g. passenger cars, buses, trucks, trains, ships), for machinery in various industrial sectors (e.g. mining, construction), and for electricity generators, particularly in developing countries. Gasoline engines are used in cars and hand-held equipment (e.g. chainsaws). The emissions from such combustion engines comprise a complex and varying mixture of gases (e.g. carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides), particles (e.g. PM10, PM2.5, ultrafine particles, elemental carbon, organic carbon, ash, sulfate, and metals), volatile organic compunds (e.g. benzene, formaldehyde) and semi-volatile organic compounds (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) including oxygenated and nitrated derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Diesel and gasoline engines thus make a significant contribution to a broad range of air pollutants to which people are exposed in the general population as well as in different occupational settings. An IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed epidemiological evidence, animal bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to reach conclusions as to the carcinogenic hazard to humans of environmental or occupational exposure to diesel and gasoline engine exhausts (including those associated with the mining, railroad, construction, and transportation industries) and to 10 selected nitroarenes. -- Back cover.
Download or read book Introduction to Diesel Emissions written by Richard Viskup and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-03-18 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first invention and development of the functional diesel engine was in 1897 by Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel, German inventor. Until now, this invention has been superseded by the development of very productive engines and mechanics. Current diesel engines are well known to many people around the world and serve in innumerable applications for various types of public transport, light and heavy duty transportation, for automotive, railway, maritime or aviation transportation, in different harsh environments, in construction, in mining, and for diverse industries. The light duty or heavy-duty diesel engines have some drawbacks. One of the main concerns is connected with exhaust emissions generated by diesel engines. This book discusses the generation of diesel exhaust emissions and mitigations, performance, emissions and combustion evaluations, utilisation of alternative biodiesel fuels, comparison of different techniques for measurement of soot and diesel particulate matter, analyses of diesel particulate matter flow pattern, and chemical composition of diesel particulate matter. The main concern of this book is to expand knowledge of readers and bring together the latest research findings related to diesel engine exhaust emissions.
Download or read book Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust Emissions written by Per Camner and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1988 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Miljørapport 1988:8
Download or read book The Impact of U S Environmental Regulations on Fuel Quality written by Kurt H. Strauss and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1993 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact of Fuels on Diesel Exhaust Emissions written by Roger Westerholm and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diesel Emissions and Their Control 2nd Edition written by W. Addy Majewski and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2023-12-20 with total page 1135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineers, applied scientists, students, and individuals working to reduceemissions and advance diesel engine technology will find the secondedition of Diesel Emissions and Their Control to be an indispensablereference. Whether readers are at the outset of their learning journey orseeking to deepen their expertise, this comprehensive reference bookcaters to a wide audience.In this substantial update to the 2006 classic, the authors have expandedthe coverage of the latest emission technologies. With the industryevolving rapidly, the book ensures that readers are well-informed aboutthe most recent advances in commercial diesel engines, providing acompetitive edge in their respective fields. The second edition has alsostreamlined the content to focus on the most promising technologies.This book is rooted in the wealth of information available on DieselNet.com, where the “Technology Guide” papers offer in-depth insights. Eachchapter includes links to relevant online materials, granting readers accessto even more expertise and knowledge.The second edition is organized into six parts, providing a structuredjourney through every aspect of diesel engines and emissions control: Part I: A foundational exploration of the diesel engine, combustion, andessential subsystems. Part II: An in-depth look at emission characterization, health andenvironmental impacts, testing methods, and global regulations. Part III: A comprehensive overview of diesel fuels, covering petroleumdiesel, alternative fuels, and engine lubricants. Part IV: An exploration of engine efficiency and emission controltechnologies, from exhaust gas recirculation to engine control. Part V: The latest developments in diesel exhaust aftertreatment,encompassing catalyst technologies and particulate filters. Part VI: A historical journey through the evolution of dieselengine technology, with a focus on heavy-duty engines in the NorthAmerican market. (ISBN 9781468605693, ISBN 9781468605709, ISBN 9781468605716, DOI: 10.4271/9781468605709)
Download or read book Influence of Fuel Quality and Combusion Characteristics on Diesel Exhaust Emissions written by G. McConnell and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Assessment of the Potential Impact of Combustion Research on Internal Combustion Engine Emissions and Fuel Consumption Final Report written by Jack L. Kerrebrock and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
