Download or read book The Structure Property Relationships of P typed Conjugated Polymers and Small Molecules in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polymer Photovoltaics written by Fei Huang and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2016 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An international perspective on the latest research in polymer solar cell technology.
Download or read book A Study on Structure property Relationships of P3HT based Conjugated Polymers for Photovoltaic Devices written by Bobak Gholamkhass and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this research is to investigate structure-property relationships of a series of graft copolymers synthesized using a post-functionalization methodology in which non--conjugated segments are grafted onto a -conjugated polymer, poly(3-hexylthiophene). Taking advantage of the synthetic methodology, electron-acceptor molecules of fullerene are covalently attached to azide-functionalized graft chains grown from the polymer backbone. The goal is to gain knowledge regarding how to control the development of nanostructure morphology in binary blends of photoactive materials used in thin film solar devices. The study was initiated in the context of an increasing interest in nanostructure-molecular assemblies for organic photovoltaics. Post-functionalized poly(3-hexylthiophene) and fullerene (C_60) were employed as the primary materials in the study. Poly(3-hexylthiophene), a benchmark material for organic electronics, is selected as the structure of choice for testing hypotheses, which includes measures to stablilize the morphology of the bulk heterojunction thin films and improve the durability of organic solar cells. In this thesis research, the synthetic approach to obtain a series of donor-acceptor graft copolymers is explored with an emphasis on controlling structural parameters such as graft chain density, length and nature of the functional groups for attaching the fullerene moieties. The research involved detailed synthetic, characterization and morphological studies of these donor- and acceptor-type materials used for solar devices. The individual effects of the several structural parameters that could influence the property systematically investigated. The research outcome demonstrates that performance of a bulk heterojunction solar device is very sensitive to the morphology of the photoactive layer. Specifically, a stable morphology was achieved through a solid state, thermal reaction that initiated covalent attachment of the azide-functionalized graft chains to fullerene, "locking-in" the preformed domains. By purposely locking in the nanostructure, it was shown that stabilization of the morphology enhanced the stability of the solar devices. In addition, a novel device architecture that took advantage of a robust photoactive layer/metallic interface was proposed. The new device architecture in combination with morphology stabilization led to substanial improvements in performance stability. Novel polymeric structures, synthetic advancements and device architecture were the highlights of this research allowing a true study of durability of organic photovoltaic devices.
Download or read book Conjugated Polymers written by John R. Reynolds and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-03-27 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fourth Edition of the Handbook of Conducting Polymers, Two-Volume Set continues to be the definitive resource on the topic of conducting polymers. Completely updated with an extensive list of authors that draws on past and new contributors, the book takes into account the significant developments both in fundamental understanding and applications since publication of the previous edition. One of two volumes comprising the comprehensive Handbook, Conjugated Polymers: Perspective, Theory, and New Materials features new chapters on the fundamental theory and new materials involved in conducting polymers. It discusses the history of physics and chemistry of these materials and the theory behind them. Finally, it details polymer and materials chemistry including such topics as conjugated block copolymers, metal-containing conjugated polymers, and continuous flow processing. Aimed at researchers, advanced students, and industry professionals working in materials science and engineering, this book covers fundamentals, recent progress, and new materials involved in conducting polymers and includes a wide-ranging listing of comprehensive chapters authored by an international team of experts.
Download or read book Organic Solar Cells written by Barry P. Rand and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-08-26 with total page 795 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells have the potential to make a significant contribution to the increasing energy needs of the future. In this book, 15 chapters written by selected experts explore the required characteristics of components present in an OPV device, such as transparent electrodes, electron- and hole-conducting layers, as well as elect
Download or read book Nanoscience with Liquid Crystals written by Quan Li and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-17 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the exciting topic of nanoscience with liquid crystals: from self-organized nanostructures to applications. The elegant self-organized liquid crystalline nanostructures, the synergetic characteristics of liquid crystals and nanoparticles, liquid crystalline nanomaterials, synthesis of nanomaterials using liquid crystals as templates, nanoconfinement and nanoparticles of liquid crystals are covered and discussed, and the prospect of fabricating functional materials is highlighted. Contributions, collecting the scattered literature of the field from leading and active players, are compiled to make the book a reference book. Readers will find the book useful and of benefit both as summaries for works in this field and as tutorials and explanations of concepts for those just entering the field. Additionally, the book helps to stimulate future developments.
Download or read book Nanostructured Zinc Oxide written by Kamlendra Awasthi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-08-10 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanostructured Zinc Oxide covers the various routes for the synthesis of different types of nanostructured zinc oxide including; 1D (nanorods, nanowires etc.), 2D and 3D (nanosheets, nanoparticles, nanospheres etc.). This comprehensive overview provides readers with a clear understanding of the various parameters controlling morphologies. The book also reviews key properties of ZnO including optical, electronic, thermal, piezoelectric and surface properties and techniques in order to tailor key properties. There is a large emphasis in the book on ZnO nanostructures and their role in optoelectronics. ZnO is very interesting and widely investigated material for a number of applications. This book presents up-to-date information about the ZnO nanostructures-based applications such as gas sensing, pH sensing, photocatalysis, antibacterial activity, drug delivery, and electrodes for optoelectronics. - Reviews methods to synthesize, tailor, and characterize 1D, 2D, and 3D zinc oxide nanostructured materials - Discusses key properties of zinc oxide nanostructured materials including optical, electronic, thermal, piezoelectric, and surface properties - Addresses most relevant zinc oxide applications in optoelectronics such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and sensors
Download or read book Process structure property Relationship of Polymer fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Films for Organic Solar Cells written by Benjamin Schmidt-Hansberg and published by . This book was released on 2012-05-09 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design Synthesis and Structure Property Relationship Study of Polymer Field Effect Transistors written by Ting Lei and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-05 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book summarizes Ting Lei’s PhD study on a series of novel conjugated polymers for field-effect transistors (FETs). Studies contain many aspects of polymer FETs, including backbone design, side-chain engineering, property study, conformation effects and device fabrication. The research results have previously scattered in many important journals and conferences worldwide. The book is likely to be of interest to university researchers, engineers and graduate students in materials sciences and chemistry who wish to learn some principles, strategy, and applications of polymer FETs.
Download or read book Solar Cells written by Ahmed Mourtada Elseman and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-09-22 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar cell energy is the single most pressing issue facing humanity, with a more technologically advanced society requiring better energy resources. This book discusses technologies broadly, depending on how they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. The major areas covered in this book are: • The theory of solar cells, which explains the conversion of light energy in photons into electric current. The theoretical studies are practical because they predict the fundamental limits of a solar cell. • The design and development of thin-film technology-based solar cells. • State of the art for bulk material applied for solar cells based on crystalline silicon (c-Si), also known as “solar grade silicon,” and emerging photovoltaics.
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Conjugated Polymers and Small Molecules for Organic Photovoltaic Devices written by Obum Kwon and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar energy harvested directly from sunlight using photovoltaic (PV) technology has become one of the most promising ways to meet growing global energy needs with a sustainable resource while minimizing environmental concerns. Especially, organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells have been attracting a great deal of interest as a source of renewable energy because of their potential as low-cost, flexible, light-weight and large-scale devices. The choice of materials in a BHJ solar cell is very important for device performance because the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) are determined by their some crucial characteristics such as energy levels, charge transfer mobilities and structural orders. In this dissertation, two carbazole-diketopyrrolopyrrole based conjugated polymers (P1 and P2) and three thieno-[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) based small molecules (M1, SM1 and SM2) were synthesized and characterized to investigate their optical, electrical and photovoltaic properties. First, the substitution of alkyl and aryl side chains on the carbazole moiety of two push-pull conjugated polymers (P1 and P2) shows the significant differences in the optical, electrical and photovoltaic properties. Second, TPD-based conjugated small molecule with a donor-acceptor-donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D-A-D) framework, M1 shows the relatively deep HOMO level resulting the relatively high Voc.(0.85 eV) Small molecule BHJ solar cells were fabricated and characterized using different M1:PC71BM blend ratios, solvents, and additives and the highest PCE achieved in this study was 1.86%. Lastly, different bridgehead atoms of SM1 and SM2 can affect their energy band levels and device performances. The PCE (2.5%) of the SM2-based SM-BHJ solar cell was higher than that of the SM1-based SM-BHJ solar cell (1.5%).
Download or read book Structure function property Relationships in Solution processed Diketopyrrolopyrrole based Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells written by Bright James Walker and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is concerned with the material properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based conjugated molecules and their application in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) type solar cells. Relationships between the molecular structures and material properties are investigated, allowing molecules to be tailored to achieve desired characteristics. Density functional theory is used to model the properties of compounds before they are synthesized and identify compounds which are likely to have desirable properties. A variety of materials are synthesized, including dithieno DPP derivatives, a diphenyl DPP derivative and several bis-DPP compounds. Their physical properties are characterized by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Properties of films and mixtures with acceptors including fullerene and VinazeneTM derivatives are also examined, including their surface morphologies and charge carrier mobilities. The role of cohesive energy densities in film formation is examined. Processing conditions are optimized for the fabrication of BHJ solar cells, yielding devices with good efficiencies. In general, we find that DPP-based conjugated oligomers make an excellent platform for the design of BHJ solar cells.
Download or read book Organic Optoelectronics written by Wenping Hu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-11-05 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by internationally recognized experts in the field with academic as well as industrial experience, this book concisely yet systematically covers all aspects of the topic. The monograph focuses on the optoelectronic behavior of organic solids and their application in new optoelectronic devices. It covers organic field-effect and organic electroluminescent materials and devices, organic photonics, materials and devices, as well as organic solids in photo absorption and energy conversion. Much emphasis is laid on the preparation of functional materials and the fabrication of devices, from materials synthesis and purification, to physicochemical properties and the basic processes and working principles of the devices. The only book to cover fundamentals, applications, and the latest research results, this is a handy reference for both researchers and those new to the field. From the contents: * Electronic process in organic solids * Organic/polymeric semiconductors for field-effect transistors * Organic/polymeric field-effect transistors * Organic circuits and organic single molecular transistors * Polymer light-emitting Diodes (PLEDs): devices and materials * Organic solids for photonics * Organic photonic devices * Organic solar cells based on small molecules * Polymer solar cells * Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) * Organic thermoelectric power devices
Download or read book Multiscale Modelling of Organic and Hybrid Photovoltaics written by David Beljonne and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-12 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series Topics in Current Chemistry presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in modern chemical research. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Readership: research chemists at universities or in industry, graduate students.
Download or read book Polymer Solar Cells Molecular Design and Microstructure Control written by Kui Zhao and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Download or read book Polymer polymer blends in organic photovoltaic and photodiode devices written by Yuxin Xia and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-01-04 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic photovoltaics devices (OPV) have attracted attentions of scientist for their potential as inexpensive, lightweight, flexible and suitable for roll-to-roll production. In recent years, considerable attention has been focused on new acceptor materials, either polymeric or small molecules, to replace the once dominating fullerene derivatives. The emergence of numerous new non-fullerene materials has driven power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 17%, attracting more and more interests of commercialization. Polymer acceptors with more morphology stability, more absorption and more desired energy levels has been intensively studied and show great potential for large area and low-cost production in the future. OPV at this moment is not yet competitive with inorganic solar cells in PCE but is more attractive in flexibility, low weight and semitransparency. In this thesis, some basic knowledges of OPV is introduced in the first few chapters, while the next chapters are focusing on polymer-polymer blends and investigating novel structures and techniques for large scale production of solar cells and photodetectors aiming at maximizing these advantages to compete with inorganic counterpart. Thermal annealing effects on polymer-polymer solar cells based is studied. Annealed devices show doubled power conversion efficiency compared to non-annealed devices. Based on the morphology—mobility examination, we conclude that the better charge transport is achieved by higher order and better interconnected networks of the bulk heterojunction in the annealed active layers. The annealing improves charge transport and extends the conjugation length of the polymers, which do help charge generation and meanwhile reduce recombination. The blend of an amorphous polymer and a semi-crystalline polymer can thus be modified by thermal annealing to double the power conversion efficiency. A novel concept of all-polymer organic photovoltaics device is demonstrated in this thesis where all the layers are made out of polymers. We use PEDOT:PSS as semitransparent anode and polyethyleneimine modified PEDOT:PSS as semitransparent cathode, both of which are slot-die printed on polyethylene terephthalate(PET). Active layers are deposited on cathode and anode surfaces by spin coating separately. These layers are then joined through a roll-to-roll compatible lamination process. This forms a semitransparent and flexible solar cell. By laminating a thin layer acceptor polymer to a thick polymer-polymer blend, we can further improve the performance by reducing traps comparing to laminating blend to blend. Flexible and semitransparent all-polymer photodiodes with different geometries can be fabricated through lamination. By choosing high band gap polymers and appropriate combination of two or more polymers, organic photodiode with low noise and high specific detectivity can be obtained. Comparison between bilayer and bulk heterojunction devices gives better understanding of the origin of noise and provides ways to improve the performance of photodiodes as detector. Noise level is a critical parameter for photodetectors. The difficulties of measuring the noise of photodetectors make some researchers prefer the estimated shot noise as the dominating one and ignore the thermal noise and 1/f noise. The latter two terms are sometimes several orders higher than the former, noting the importance of experimentally measuring noise. The use of semi-transparent photovoltaic devices causes an inevitable loss of photocurrent, as light transmitted has not been absorbed. This trivial effect also leads to a loss of photovoltage, an effect partially due to the lower photocurrent but also due to the geometry of the semitransparent photovoltaic device. We here demonstrate and evaluate this photovoltage loss in semi-transparent organic photovoltaic devices, compared with non-transparent solar cells of the same material. Semi-transparent solar cells in addition introduce photovoltage loss when formed by lamination. We document and analyze these effects for a number of polymer blends in the form of bulk heterojunctions.
Download or read book Determination Via Computational Modeling of the Structure properties Relationships in Intercalated Polymer written by Eunkyung Cho and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In bulk-heterojunction solar cells, device performance is influenced by both the intrinsic properties of the individual components - typically conjugated polymers and fullerene derivatives - and how they assemble and interact at their interface. The ability of fullerene to intercalate within the side-chains of a conjugated polymer can significantly affect the microstructure and overall device performance. Here, a series of computational chemistry approaches are applied to investigate the relationships between structure and property in intercalated polymer:fullerene blend. Using a combination of molecular mechanics (MM) calculation and simulations of 2D grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) patterns, we have determined the molecular packing configuration of poly (2,5-bis (3-tetradecyl thiophene-2-yl) thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PBTTT-C14) and a blend of PBTTT-C14 and [6,6]-phenyl-C--1-butyric acid methyl ester (PC--1BM). Based on the confirmed packing structures, the electronic properties and morphological disorder were examined using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) calculations, respectively; we also investigated the intermolecular interaction energies behind the structure formation. Finally, we examined the vibrational, redox, and optical properties of the pristine polymer and a series of fullerene derivatives to understand the characteristic modes related to the various charged states of the systems.
