Download or read book Globalization of Technology written by Proceedings of the Sixth Convocation of The Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-02-01 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technological revolution has reached around the world, with important consequences for business, government, and the labor market. Computer-aided design, telecommunications, and other developments are allowing small players to compete with traditional giants in manufacturing and other fields. In this volume, 16 engineering and industrial experts representing eight countries discuss the growth of technological advances and their impact on specific industries and regions of the world. From various perspectives, these distinguished commentators describe the practical aspects of technology's reach into business and trade.
Download or read book Mastering a New Role written by National Academy of Engineering and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the changing character of commercial technology development and diffusion in an integrated global economy and its implications for U.S. public policies in support of technological innovation. The volume considers the history, current practice, and future prospects for national policies to encourage economic development through both direct and indirect government support of technological advance.
Download or read book The Cambridge History of Capitalism written by Larry Neal and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-01-23 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first volume of The Cambridge History of Capitalism provides a comprehensive account of the evolution of capitalism from its earliest beginnings. Starting with its distant origins in ancient Babylon, successive chapters trace progression up to the 'Promised Land' of capitalism in America. Adopting a wide geographical coverage and comparative perspective, the international team of authors discuss the contributions of Greek, Roman, and Asian civilizations to the development of capitalism, as well as the Chinese, Indian and Arab empires. They determine what features of modern capitalism were present at each time and place, and why the various precursors of capitalism did not survive. Looking at the eventual success of medieval Europe and the examples of city-states in northern Italy and the Low Countries, the authors address how British mercantilism led to European imitations and American successes, and ultimately, how capitalism became global.
Download or read book Funding a Revolution written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-02-11 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past 50 years have witnessed a revolution in computing and related communications technologies. The contributions of industry and university researchers to this revolution are manifest; less widely recognized is the major role the federal government played in launching the computing revolution and sustaining its momentum. Funding a Revolution examines the history of computing since World War II to elucidate the federal government's role in funding computing research, supporting the education of computer scientists and engineers, and equipping university research labs. It reviews the economic rationale for government support of research, characterizes federal support for computing research, and summarizes key historical advances in which government-sponsored research played an important role. Funding a Revolution contains a series of case studies in relational databases, the Internet, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality that demonstrate the complex interactions among government, universities, and industry that have driven the field. It offers a series of lessons that identify factors contributing to the success of the nation's computing enterprise and the government's role within it.
Download or read book Technology and Economic Development written by Edward J. Malecki and published by Longman Publishing Group. This book was released on 1991 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is primarily a synthesis of the large literature which has grown around the topics of economic development and technology. It is intended to be a resource for further inquiry into the topics covered in its pages. Consequently, there are many references to the large and diverse literature which has contributed to development studies. development adds to the growing realization, that technology and the management decisions of global business enterprises affect localities as well as national economies. This book brings together existing knowledge about economic development, especially at the scale of regions within nations. It is research at the regional scale which is most useful for addressing the realities of economic development in the 1990s, for the openess and vulnerability of regions and nations to outside influences, so evident from the early research into regional development, are now evident as well at national scales. proliferation of products and of weapons. It permits entrepreneurs to get an edge on competitors, and it allows one region to be more prosperous than another. economic development. Its relevance to the national scale, recognized since the postwar era began, has spread to the regional and local levels. There, and at the national level as well, local or indigenous entrepreneurship, networks, and policies affect the level of economic well-being. The behaviour of large corporations and of new, small firms contribute to what we see as development. Organizational and locational changes accompany corporate responses to technological change. As firms have had to deal with global competition, so communities, regions, and nations must confront rivals for development in distant locations.
Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Download or read book International Knowledge Spillovers written by Johannes Eugster and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-12-10 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How important is foreign knowledge for domestic innovation outcomes? How is this relation shaped by globalization and the attendant intensification of international competition? Our empirical approach extends the previous literature by analyzing a large panel comprising industries in both advanced and emerging economies over the past two decades. We find that barriers to the domestic diffusion of foreign knowledge have fallen significantly for emerging economies. For all countries, and especially for emerging economies, inflows of foreign knowledge have a growing and quantitatively important impact on domestic innovation. Controlling for the amount of domestic R&D, we find evidence that increases in international competitive pressure at the industry level had a positive effect on domestic innovation outcomes
Download or read book Challenges of the Modern Economy written by Yakhya G. Buchaev and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-03 with total page 687 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on a systemic study of the challenges of the modern economy and related problems and areas of sustainable development of countries, regions, and businesses, with particular attention paid to the new prospects offered by the spread of digital technology. The book’s contribution to the literature is that it reveals the specifics and digital perspectives of supporting the SDGs in the economy at every level of the economy: country, regional, and corporate, considering sectoral specificities—this is reflected in six parts of the book. Part 1 identifies contemporary challenges of the modern economy as barriers to sustainable development. Part 2 reflects the future direction of sustainable development of the countries. Part 3 considers the problems and prospects for sustainable development of regions. Part 4 focuses on the problems and prospects for the sustainable development of enterprises and industries. Part 5 sheds light on the economic and legal foundations and cooperative mechanisms of sustainable development. Part 6 offers recommendations for enhancing the use of digital technologies offered by Industry 4.0 to support the SDGs. Scientists whose research interests include sustainable economic development are the primary target audience for this book. For the primary target audience, the book forms a systemic view of the global challenges of sustainable development and offers a set of scientific and methodological recommendations to provide an effective response to these challenges at every level of the economy. An additional audience for the book is practicing experts, who will find international best practices and applied recommendations to support sustainable economic development and implementation of the SDGs in the practice of state (national regulation and public administration of the region) and corporate (in various industries) management.
Download or read book The Fourth Industrial Revolution written by Klaus Schwab and published by Crown Currency. This book was released on 2017-01-03 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World-renowned economist Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, explains that we have an opportunity to shape the fourth industrial revolution, which will fundamentally alter how we live and work. Schwab argues that this revolution is different in scale, scope and complexity from any that have come before. Characterized by a range of new technologies that are fusing the physical, digital and biological worlds, the developments are affecting all disciplines, economies, industries and governments, and even challenging ideas about what it means to be human. Artificial intelligence is already all around us, from supercomputers, drones and virtual assistants to 3D printing, DNA sequencing, smart thermostats, wearable sensors and microchips smaller than a grain of sand. But this is just the beginning: nanomaterials 200 times stronger than steel and a million times thinner than a strand of hair and the first transplant of a 3D printed liver are already in development. Imagine “smart factories” in which global systems of manufacturing are coordinated virtually, or implantable mobile phones made of biosynthetic materials. The fourth industrial revolution, says Schwab, is more significant, and its ramifications more profound, than in any prior period of human history. He outlines the key technologies driving this revolution and discusses the major impacts expected on government, business, civil society and individuals. Schwab also offers bold ideas on how to harness these changes and shape a better future—one in which technology empowers people rather than replaces them; progress serves society rather than disrupts it; and in which innovators respect moral and ethical boundaries rather than cross them. We all have the opportunity to contribute to developing new frameworks that advance progress.
Download or read book The Sources of Economic Growth written by Richard R. Nelson and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technological advance is the key driving force behind economic growth, argues Richard Nelson. Drawing on a deep knowledge of economic and technological history as well as the tools of economic analysis, he exposes the intimate connections among government policies, science-based universities, and the growth of technology.
Download or read book Shifting Paradigms written by Zia Qureshi and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing the big questions about how technological change is transforming economies and societies Rapid technological change—likely to accelerate as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic—is reshaping economies and how they grow. But change also causes disruption, creates winners and losers, and produces social stress. This book examines the challenges of digital transformation and suggests how creative policies can make it more productive and inclusive. Shifting Paradigms is the second book on technological change produced by a joint research project of the Brookings Institution and the Korea Development Institute. Contributors are experts from the United States, Europe, and Korea. The first volume, Growth in a Time of Change, was published by Brookings in February 2020. The book's underlying thesis is that the future is arriving faster than expected. Long-accepted paradigms about economic growth are changing as digital technologies transform markets and nearly every aspect of business and work. Change will only intensify with advances in artificial intelligence and other innovations. Investors, business leaders, workers, and public officials face many questions. Is rising market concentration inevitable with the new technologies or can their benefits be more widely shared? How can the promise of FinTech be captured while managing risks? Should workers fear the new automation? Are technology-driven shifts in business and work causing income inequality to rise? How should public policy respond? Shifting Paradigms addresses these questions in an engaging manner for anyone interested in understanding how the economic and social agenda is being transformed by today's winds of change.
Download or read book Finance Development September 2014 written by International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-08-25 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter discusses various past and future aspects of the global economy. There has been a huge transformation of the global economy in the last several years. Articles on the future of energy in the global economy by Jeffrey Ball and on measuring inequality by Jonathan Ostry and Andrew Berg are also illustrated. Since the 2008 global crisis, global economists must change the way they look at the world.
Download or read book The Spread of Technology and the Level of Development written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis the relationship between the spread of technology and the extent of economic development is analysed. The quantitative dimension of the spread of technology is usually analysed in studies on the speed and extent of diffusion across countries and industries. The qualitative dimension concerns the adoption and use of technology which is usually studied in the literature on technology adoption and adaptation by firms. A process technology in two countries that differ considerably in their level of development, viz. UK and India, is considered. This controls for the technological and industrial specificity of the spread process allowing the influence of the development factor to be seen more clearly. The study is conducted at the industry/economy level, as well as the firm level. In this way the effects of the studying the different levels of aggregation together, and the relation between adoption and diffusion are clarified. The study indicates a wide diversity of patterns in the spread of technology across countries. Differences in both the coefficients of the diffusion curve and in the underlying functional form are identified. A deeper analysis of the patterns of spread in India and Britain reveals the greater influence of supply and infrastructure constraints in India, while in Britain the entire process was largely consumption constrained. If it can be assumed that capacity and production side constraints are more likely in industrialising economies, these dynamics could be inferred as more typical in influencing the spread of technology in developing countries. A study of the use and adoption of the technology by firms shows the importance of existing market structures, defined broadly to include the structure and organisation of production and consumption. In fact the composition of consumption in terms of users and user sectors was vital in defining rules of competition and in what way technology was harnessed as a competitive force. In the purely technological sense of operational efficiency it is shown that Indian firms performed more poorly than British firms. Furthermore this poor performance could be traced back to diversification strategies of Indian firms which in turn were a response to poorer levels of market formation in the economy.
Download or read book No Ordinary Disruption written by Richard Dobbs and published by PublicAffairs. This book was released on 2016-08-30 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our intuition on how the world works could well be wrong. We are surprised when new competitors burst on the scene, or businesses protected by large and deep moats find their defenses easily breached, or vast new markets are conjured from nothing. Trend lines resemble saw-tooth mountain ridges. The world not only feels different. The data tell us it is different. Based on years of research by the directors of the McKinsey Global Institute, No Ordinary Disruption: The Four Forces Breaking all the Trends is a timely and important analysis of how we need to reset our intuition as a result of four forces colliding and transforming the global economy: the rise of emerging markets, the accelerating impact of technology on the natural forces of market competition, an aging world population, and accelerating flows of trade, capital and people. Our intuitions formed during a uniquely benign period for the world economy -- often termed the Great Moderation. Asset prices were rising, cost of capital was falling, labour and resources were abundant, and generation after generation was growing up more prosperous than their parents. But the Great Moderation has gone. The cost of capital may rise. The price of everything from grain to steel may become more volatile. The world's labor force could shrink. Individuals, particularly those with low job skills, are at risk of growing up poorer than their parents. What sets No Ordinary Disruption apart is depth of analysis combined with lively writing informed by surprising, memorable insights that enable us to quickly grasp the disruptive forces at work. For evidence of the shift to emerging markets, consider the startling fact that, by 2025, a single regional city in China -- Tianjin -- will have a GDP equal to that of the Sweden, of that, in the decades ahead, half of the world's economic growth will come from 440 cities including Kumasi in Ghana or Santa Carina in Brazil that most executives today would be hard-pressed to locate on a map. What we are now seeing is no ordinary disruption but the new facts of business life -- facts that require executives and leaders at all levels to reset their operating assumptions and management intuition.
Download or read book Information Technology and the U S Workforce written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-18 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have yielded significant advances in computing and communication technologies, with profound impacts on society. Technology is transforming the way we work, play, and interact with others. From these technological capabilities, new industries, organizational forms, and business models are emerging. Technological advances can create enormous economic and other benefits, but can also lead to significant changes for workers. IT and automation can change the way work is conducted, by augmenting or replacing workers in specific tasks. This can shift the demand for some types of human labor, eliminating some jobs and creating new ones. Information Technology and the U.S. Workforce explores the interactions between technological, economic, and societal trends and identifies possible near-term developments for work. This report emphasizes the need to understand and track these trends and develop strategies to inform, prepare for, and respond to changes in the labor market. It offers evaluations of what is known, notes open questions to be addressed, and identifies promising research pathways moving forward.
Download or read book The Second Machine Age Work Progress and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies written by Erik Brynjolfsson and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2014-01-20 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The big stories -- The skills of the new machines : technology races ahead -- Moore's law and the second half of the chessboard -- The digitization of just about everything -- Innovation : declining or recombining? -- Artificial and human intelligence in the second machine age -- Computing bounty -- Beyond GDP -- The spread -- The biggest winners : stars and superstars -- Implications of the bounty and the spread -- Learning to race with machines : recommendations for individuals -- Policy recommendations -- Long-term recommendations -- Technology and the future (which is very different from "technology is the future").
Download or read book The Impact of Rapid Technological Change on Sustainable Development written by United Nations Publications and published by . This book was released on 2020-04-13 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication seeks to deepen the understanding of the impact of rapid technological change on sustainable development, especially the consequences for the central principle of the 2030 Agenda of "leaving no one behind", and the implications for the science, technology and innovation community. It examines the opportunities, risks and challenges brought about by rapid technological change, and looks at the role of science, technology and innovation (STI) policy. It identifies strategies, policies and immediate actions to take to use science, technology and innovation to empower people, especially those who are vulnerable, and ensure inclusiveness and equality.
