Download or read book The Social Basis of Scientific Discoveries written by Augustine Brannigan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1981-10-29 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What constitutes a scientific discovery? How do discoveries happen and how are they recognised as such? These are questions of central concern to scientists and philosophers. In this book, Augustine Brannigan provides a critical examination of the major theories which have been devised to account for discoveries and innovations in science, and develops a fresh alternative. Dr Brannigan begins by arguing that most theories fall into one of two classes: mentalistic theories, which describe how ideas come into the mind, and cultural theories, which describe how they 'mature' in a particular culture. His account reveals a series of empirical and methodological problems that make these existing models untenable and he proposes as an alternative a sociological approach, which draws attention not to what makes discoveries happen, but to the processes whereby certain achievements are recognised and labelled as discoveries. This approach is illustrated in detail with a number of important scientific cases. The book throws light not only on the conventional character of discoveries but also on the folk elements in popular theories about discovery, such as genius, gestalt switch and simultaneous invention.
Download or read book Scientific Discovery in the Social Sciences written by Mark Addis and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-12 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers selected papers exploring issues arising from scientific discovery in the social sciences. It features a range of disciplines including behavioural sciences, computer science, finance, and statistics with an emphasis on philosophy. The first of the three parts examines methods of social scientific discovery. Chapters investigate the nature of causal analysis, philosophical issues around scale development in behavioural science research, imagination in social scientific practice, and relationships between paradigms of inquiry and scientific fraud. The next part considers the practice of social science discovery. Chapters discuss the lack of genuine scientific discovery in finance where hypotheses concern the cheapness of securities, the logic of scientific discovery in macroeconomics, and the nature of that what discovery with the Solidarity movement as a case study. The final part covers formalising theories in social science. Chapters analyse the abstract model theory of institutions as a way of representing the structure of scientific theories, the semi-automatic generation of cognitive science theories, and computational process models in the social sciences. The volume offers a unique perspective on scientific discovery in the social sciences. It will engage scholars and students with a multidisciplinary interest in the philosophy of science and social science.
Download or read book The Logic of Scientific Discovery written by Karl Popper and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-11-04 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Described by the philosopher A.J. Ayer as a work of 'great originality and power', this book revolutionized contemporary thinking on science and knowledge. Ideas such as the now legendary doctrine of 'falsificationism' electrified the scientific community, influencing even working scientists, as well as post-war philosophy. This astonishing work ranks alongside The Open Society and Its Enemies as one of Popper's most enduring books and contains insights and arguments that demand to be read to this day.
Download or read book World of Scientific Discovery written by Kimberley A. McGrath and published by Gale Cengage. This book was released on 1999 with total page 1206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific milestones and the people who made them possible.
Download or read book The Scientific Basis of National Progress written by G. Gore and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-05-29 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published in 1970: The leading idea of the book is that present knowledge only enables us to maintain our present state, that national progress is the result of new ideas, and that the chief source of new ideas is original research. That as advance has its origin in new knowledge; unless new discoveries are made, new inventions and improvements must sooner or later cease. Another prominent idea is, that truth is essentially the same in all divisions of knowledge, and that the mental powers and processes employed in detecting it are the same in all subjects.
Download or read book Knowledge Discovery in the Social Sciences written by Xiaoling Shu and published by University of California Press. This book was released on 2020-02-04 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge Discovery in the Social Sciences helps readers find valid, meaningful, and useful information. It is written for researchers and data analysts as well as students who have no prior experience in statistics or computer science. Suitable for a variety of classes—including upper-division courses for undergraduates, introductory courses for graduate students, and courses in data management and advanced statistical methods—the book guides readers in the application of data mining techniques and illustrates the significance of newly discovered knowledge. Readers will learn to: • appreciate the role of data mining in scientific research • develop an understanding of fundamental concepts of data mining and knowledge discovery • use software to carry out data mining tasks • select and assess appropriate models to ensure findings are valid and meaningful • develop basic skills in data preparation, data mining, model selection, and validation • apply concepts with end-of-chapter exercises and review summaries
Download or read book Science and Its Times written by Neil Schlager and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Social Control and Multiple Discovery in Science written by Susan E. Cozzens and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 1989-07-01 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognition for accomplishment is a major institutional reward in the scientific community, thus regulating disputes over credit for discovery, can be viewed as an important problem in social control. Cozzens examines a well-known dispute — one that took place with the discovery of the opiate receptor in neuropharmacological research. The issues Cozzens discusses — priority disputes, social control, and norms and morals — are important throughout the sciences; they are crucial factors in the lives of scientists, the functioning of scientific communities, and the day-to-day operations of scientific organizations.
Download or read book The Social System of Science written by Norman W. Storer and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Science and Its Times written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prematurity in Scientific Discovery written by Ernest B. Hook and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2002-10-02 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For centuries, observers have noted the many obstacles to intellectual change in science. In a much-discussed paper published in Scientific American in 1972, molecular biologist Gunther Stent proposed an explicit criterion for one kind of obstacle to scientific discovery. He denoted a claim or hypothesis as "premature" if its implications cannot be connected to canonical knowledge by a simple series of logical steps. Further, Stent suggested that it was appropriate for the scientific community to ignore such hypotheses so that it would not be overwhelmed by vast numbers of false leads. In this volume, eminent scientists, physicians, historians, social scientists, and philosophers respond to Stent's thesis.
Download or read book Discovery and Classification in Astronomy written by Steven J. Dick and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-09-09 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows that astronomical discovery is a complex and ongoing process comprising various stages of research, interpretation and understanding.
Download or read book Patterns of Discovery written by Norwood Russell Hanson and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1979 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Social Science Research written by Anol Bhattacherjee and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-04-01 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to introduce doctoral and graduate students to the process of conducting scientific research in the social sciences, business, education, public health, and related disciplines. It is a one-stop, comprehensive, and compact source for foundational concepts in behavioral research, and can serve as a stand-alone text or as a supplement to research readings in any doctoral seminar or research methods class. This book is currently used as a research text at universities on six continents and will shortly be available in nine different languages.
Download or read book Reinventing Discovery written by Michael Nielsen and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-07 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Reinventing Discovery argues that we are in the early days of the most dramatic change in how science is done in more than 300 years. This change is being driven by new online tools, which are transforming and radically accelerating scientific discovery"--
Download or read book Science the Endless Frontier written by United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 1945 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This influential report described science as "a largely unexplored hinterland" that would provide the "essential key" to the economic prosperity of the post World War II years.
Download or read book Revisiting Discovery and Justification written by Jutta Schickore and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-27 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The distinction between the contexts of discovery and justification has had a turbulent career in philosophy of science. This book presents a debate about the nature, development, and significance of the context distinction, about its merits and flaws. It provides readings and analyses of the original textual sources for the context distinction.
