Download or read book Educating the Student Body written by Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-11-13 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.

Download or read book The Significance of Physical Activity and Obesity in Elementary School Children written by Kris D. Hoffman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental studies have shown that decreased physical activity in elementary school aged children during recess and physical education classes increase the alarming growing obesity rate. There's a childhood obesity crisis in the country, and there is no lack of reasons: progressively sedentary lifestyles motivated by video games, television and computers; a fast-food culture in which soda machines and greasy cafeteria food are abundant in kids' lives; and deteriorating chances for exercise, predominantly during the school day (Fainaru-Wada, 2009). About thirty years ago, children were approximately 5% obese, now the percentage has increased to 16-18%. Childhood obesity and lack of exercise is leading to multiple co-morbidities including diabetes, hypertension, cardiac disease, neuropathy, hyperlipidemia, bone and joint problems, stroke, cancers, sleep apnea, and social and psychological problems during adulthood (CDC, 2013). Implementing of educational interventions and moderate, vigorous physical activity during recess and physical education elementary school years would theoretically reduce obesity in children, which could potentially lessen co-morbidities, therefore, would ideally decrease the cost of health care. Initial proposals for the physical activity increase would be made to the administrators of the school, board of directors, teachers, staff members and parents via a power point, lecture and educational handouts on obesity. Data collection and analysis will be conducted by school nurses and physical education teachers and presented in monthly meetings during the school year. Evaluation of the physical activity and potential decreasing weights of children will be conducted by parents via questionnaires. Dissemination of the proposed plan will be discussed and changed according to the results and opinions of the key stakeholders.

Download or read book Educating the Student Body written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-11-30 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.

Download or read book Preventing Childhood Obesity written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-01-31 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children's health has made tremendous strides over the past century. In general, life expectancy has increased by more than thirty years since 1900 and much of this improvement is due to the reduction of infant and early childhood mortality. Given this trajectory toward a healthier childhood, we begin the 21st-century with a shocking developmentâ€"an epidemic of obesity in children and youth. The increased number of obese children throughout the U.S. during the past 25 years has led policymakers to rank it as one of the most critical public health threats of the 21st-century. Preventing Childhood Obesity provides a broad-based examination of the nature, extent, and consequences of obesity in U.S. children and youth, including the social, environmental, medical, and dietary factors responsible for its increased prevalence. The book also offers a prevention-oriented action plan that identifies the most promising array of short-term and longer-term interventions, as well as recommendations for the roles and responsibilities of numerous stakeholders in various sectors of society to reduce its future occurrence. Preventing Childhood Obesity explores the underlying causes of this serious health problem and the actions needed to initiate, support, and sustain the societal and lifestyle changes that can reverse the trend among our children and youth.

Download or read book Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-10 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of childhood obesity is so high in the United States that it may reduce the life expectancy of today's generation of children. While parents and other adult caregivers play a fundamental role in teaching children about healthy behaviors, even the most positive efforts can be undermined by local environments that are poorly suited to supporting healthy behaviors. For example, many communities lack ready sources of healthy food choices, such as supermarkets and grocery stores. Or they may not provide safe places for children to walk or play. In such communities, even the most motivated child or adolescent may find it difficult to act in healthy ways. Local governments-with jurisdiction over many aspects of land use, food marketing, community planning, transportation, health and nutrition programs, and other community issues-are ideally positioned to promote behaviors that will help children and adolescents reach and maintain healthy weights. Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity presents a number of recommendations that touch on the vital role of government actions on all levels-federal, state, and local-in childhood obesity prevention. The book offers healthy eating and physical activity strategies for local governments to consider, making it an excellent resource for mayors, managers, commissioners, council members, county board members, and administrators.

Download or read book The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Academic Achievement in Rural Low income Mexican Origin Elementary School Aged Children written by Lisa Christine Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 33% of children in the U.S. are overweight/obese, thus increasing their risk for adverse health effects. Physical inactivity has been identified as a contributing factor to this problem yet the majority of children are not meeting the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Physical Activity Guidelines and most schools are not offering daily physical education. The overall purpose of this prospective, descriptive study was to examine the relationship between physical activity and academic achievement in rural, low income, Mexican origin, elementary school aged children. In addition, physical activity rates and correlates were also examined. The study utilized a cross sectional design and data from two sources: baseline data from the Niños Sanos, Familia Sana study and school testing data from the Firebaugh Las Deltas Unified School District. Niños Sanos, Familia Sana study is a 5-year, multifaceted childhood obesity study in the towns of Firebaugh and San Joaquin, California, with an overall goal of slowing the increase of body mass index in children ages 3-8. Baseline data were collected between March 1, 2012 and January 15, 2013. Children were included in the subsample (N=66) if they 1) attended Hazel M. Bailey Elementary School during the 2012-2013 school year and 2) had 3 or more days of accelerometer wear. The majority of the children were born in the United States (92%) while the majority of their mothers were born in Mexico (80%). 38% of the children were overweight/obese. English Language Arts and mathematics test scores were found to be unrelated to physical activity. 72% of the children averaged 60 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day. Boys were significantly more active than girls. The significance of this study is its new knowledge concerning general physical activity and academic achievement, and health behaviors in an understudied, at risk community. The Latino population comprises 38% of California's population and is disproportionately affected by overweight and obesity. Rural location and residence make it difficult to reach these two communities. Findings can be used to support public policies thus promoting lifelong healthy weight through obesity prevention among Latino children.

Download or read book Psychosocial and Environmental Determinants of Physical Activity in Elementary School Children written by Jiying Ling and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: Childhood obesity has become a national public health crisis in America. Physical activity has been shown to be one key for controlling childhood obesity, but little is known about the mediators and moderators in physical activity promotion models. In particular, the immediate time afterschool provides an important opportunity for children to be active, only 20% of their afterschool time is used for physical activity. Purpose: The purposes of this study were to explore the psychosocial and environmental determinants of physical activity, and to examine the influence of wearing pedometers on the hypothesized determinants (physical activity self-efficacy, physical activity enjoyment, perceived parental influence, and perceived environment) of physical activity, among elementary school children attending afterschool programs, Methods: A cross-sectional correlational design was used to explore the determinants of physical activity in 133 children enrolled in afterschool programs. In addition, a pretest-posttest study was conducted to examine the influence of wearing pedometers on the hypothesized determinants of physical activity among a subsample of 50 randomly selected children. Children's physical activity levels were assessed by a seven-day recall scale, and seven consecutive days' pedometer steps. Results: Approximately 49% of the children were overweight or obese, but only 13% of the children met national physical activity recommendations. Overweight or obese children took fewer pedometer steps than non-overweight children, and pedometer steps were negatively related to children's BMI. Wearing pedometers did not have a significant influence on the hypothesized determinants of physical activity. No evidence of the reactivity of wearing pedometers was found. Perceived parental influence partially mediated the relationships of physical activity self-efficacy and physical activity enjoyment with physical activity. For self-reported physical activity levels, physical activity enjoyment had the strongest effect on physical activity followed by physical activity self-efficacy. Perceived parental influence had the strongest effect on physical activity measured by pedometers. Conclusions: Pedometers are a reliable measurement instrument to assess elementary school children's physical activity. Perceived parental influence has the primary effect on children's self-reported physical activity levels and number of pedometer steps. Future physical activity interventions should target parental influence to improve children's physical activity levels and control childhood obesity.

Download or read book Legal Strategies in Childhood Obesity Prevention written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-08-08 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1980, childhood obesity rates have more than tripled in the United States. Recent data show that almost one-third of children over 2 years of age are already overweight or obese. While the prevalence of childhood obesity appears to have plateaued in recent years, the magnitude of the problem remains unsustainably high and represents an enormous public health concern. All options for addressing the childhood obesity epidemic must therefore be explored. In the United States, legal approaches have successfully reduced other threats to public health, such as the lack of passive restraints in automobiles and the use of tobacco. The question then arises of whether laws, regulations, and litigation can likewise be used to change practices and policies that contribute to obesity. On October 21, 2010, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) held a workshop to bring together stakeholders to discuss the current and future legal strategies aimed at combating childhood obesity. Legal Strategies in Childhood Obesity Prevention summarizes the proceedings of that workshop. The report examines the challenges involved in implementing public health initiatives by using legal strategies to elicit change. It also discusses circumstances in which legal strategies are needed and effective. This workshop was created only to explore the boundaries of potential legal approaches to address childhood obesity, and therefore, does not contain recommendations for the use of such approaches.

Download or read book How important is exercise for primary school children Impact on child development and well being in the digital media age written by André Wiebe and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2022-03-09 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Document from the year 2018 in the subject Social Work, , language: English, abstract: Primary school children in Germany are increasingly suffering from poor posture, overweight and cardiovascular weaknesses. This is primarily due to a lack of exercise. According to the WHO, children and young people should be physically active for at least 60 minutes a day - a value that has long since been missed in the digital age. André Wiebe reveals what the movement behavior of children looks like at the moment. Between 2009 and 2012, just 31 percent of German elementary school children achieved the recommended minimum level of physical activity. But why is this value so low? Wiebe examines the different areas of children's lives and evaluates current studies. It illustrates the change that has occurred in recent years and whether the downward trend is necessarily negative. His publication is an important guide for social work with elementary school children. From the content: - Sedentary lifestyle; - Digital media; - Smartphone; - Social networks; - Obesity; - KiGGS study

Download or read book Effects of a Before School Physical Activity Program on Physical Activity and On task Behavior in Elementary School aged Children written by Michelle Vuchenich and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of obesity in children has dramatically increased over the last few decades and physical inactivity has been identified as a main contributor. Schools are an ideal setting for children to engage in physical activity. Unfortunately, opportunities for children to participate in physical activity during the school day have decreased as more emphasis has been placed on academic work. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a before school physical activity program on elementary school-aged children's physical activity levels and on-task behavior. The First-Class Activity Program (First-Class) was implemented utilizing the HOPSports Training System. HOPSports is an interactive multi-media system that utilizes DVR technology to engage large numbers of students in physical activity. Physical activity levels were measured with accelerometers and on-task behavior was observed at three different time periods (i.e., baseline, intervention, post-intervention). Twenty-seven students attended the program during the intervention data collection period. During First-Class, children spent an average of 46.4% of time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Repeated measures analyses of variance were conducted to examine differences in physical activity and on-task behavior between baseline, intervention, and post-intervention for varying intensity levels (i.e., sedentary behavior, and light, moderate, vigorous, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity). Effect sizes (ES) were calculated using Cohen's delta to estimate the size of the mean differences. As hypothesized, no significant differences (p> .05) in school day physical activity [not including activity during First-Class] were found between the three time periods. For on-task behavior, significant differences (p

Download or read book Child Physical Activity in Relation to School Physical Activity Practices written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background : Schools provide an important opportunity for children to meet physical activity guidelines. However, physical activity during school is low, and more evidence is needed to support schools to adopt best practices related to physical activity. Objective : The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relation of elementary school physical activity practices related to Physical Education (PE), recess, classroom time, and after-school time to school SES and children's objectively measured physical activity. Methods : Participants were 172 children from 97 elementary schools in the San Diego, CA and Seattle, WA regions. Children wore accelerometers to estimate physical activity for 3.7±1.7 school days. A survey was completed by school informants (PE teachers and principals) to assess physical activity-related school practices (63% response rate). Accelerometer data were scored based on individual school start and end times to derive in-school and after-school minutes/day of MVPA. ANOVAs with LSD post-hoc tests were used to investigate disparities in physical activity-related practices for low-, moderate-, and high-SES schools. Three-level linear mixed effects regression models were used to investigate the association between school practices and children's MVPA. The 5 most important practices, based on their relationship with in-school MVPA, were combined into a summary score. Results : The 5-item school physical activity practice summary score was significantly associated with in-school MVPA, where children had 2.4 more minutes/day of in-school MVPA for every additional practice reflected in the summary score (p = .037). Having a PE teacher was the strongest practice correlated with in-school MVPA, where children at schools with a PE teacher had 6 more minutes/day of in-school MVPA (p = .114). Having someone other than a classroom teacher supervise recess was non-significantly related to 3 more minutes/day of in-school MVPA (p = .363). Conclusions : The present study provides evidence for adopting a package of school physical activity practices to improve children's physical activity during school. Particularly, not having a PE teacher appears to be a leading contributor to low rates of physical activity. Attention should be paid to economically disadvantaged schools, because schools could be contributing to disparities in childhood obesity and inactivity.

Download or read book The Impact of Physical Education on Childhood Obesity in Ohio School Children written by Nicholas V. Cascarelli (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood obesity has become a significant public health problem over the past 35 years. According to the Surgeon General report on Childhood Obesity from 2010, obesity that starts in childhood or adolescence creates greater risk for adult health problems such as heart disease, arthritis, stroke, and cancer. The literature shows that childhood obesity increases most rapidly during the early elementary school years. While obesity and its etiology are certainly multifaceted, at best, several studies have linked many social and environmental determinants of health. The research has shown strong links to factors such as socioeconomic status, the community type, and amount of physical activity through organized curriculum, intervention, and recess. The sample was a systematic stratified random sample of Ohio schools that reported their 3rd grade BMI scores for 2009-2010 school year to the Ohio Department of Health. The sample included 25 schools and 1,006 students. Those schools selected were contacted via phone to ask how many minutes per week schools allocated to physical education in grades K-3, and how many minutes per day was allotted for recess in grades K-3. Other data in the data set were the percentage of students receiving free or reduced lunch; the school building academic performance designations were acquired from the Ohio Department of Education. Zero-order Correlations were run for all variables. Those that were significantly correlated to BMI percentile adjusted for age and sex correlations were selected to run sequential multiple linear regression. Those variables were minutes of daily recess in the third grade, children receiving free or reduced lunch and the type of community. There were two sets of regression analyses. The first set was run at the student level. The first model at the student level, with the all three independent variables, resulted in an R2; = 0.011, F(3, 1001) = 3.726, p = 0.011. Model two at the student level, with the subtraction of the Community Type variable, revealed a less powerful R2; = 0.009, F(2,1003) = 4.481, p =.012. When this regression was run at the school level, neither regression was significant. The first model at the school level, with the all three independent variables, resulted in an R2; = 0.304, F(3, 21) = 3.058, p = 0.051. Model two, run at the school level, with the subtraction of the Community Type variable, revealed a less powerful R2; = 0.198, F(2,22) = 2.715, p =.088. These results suggest that the model run at the student level accounts for approximately 1% of the variation in BMI; the model run at the school level was not a significant predictor of the variance. While the model included for Ohio students did not indicate a strong predictor for childhood obesity, schools can play a significant role in the childhood obesity issue.

Download or read book The Impact of Physical Education on Obesity Among Elementary School Children written by John Horan Cawley (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to the dramatic rise in childhood obesity, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and other organizations have advocated increasing the time that elementary school children spend in physical education (PE) classes. However, little is known about the effect of PE on child weight. This paper measures that effect by instrumenting for child PE time with state policies, using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K) for 1998-2004. Results from IV models indicate that PE lowers BMI z-score and reduces the probability of obesity among 5th graders (in particular, boys), while the instrument is insufficiently powerful to reliably estimate effects for younger children. This represents some of the first evidence of a causal effect of PE on youth obesity, and thus offers at least some support to the assumptions behind the CDC recommendations. We find no evidence that increased PE time crowds out time in academic courses or has spillovers to achievement test scores.

Download or read book The Impact of Physical Education on Obesity Among Elementary School Children written by John H. Cawley and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to the dramatic rise in childhood obesity, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and other organizations have advocated increasing the time that elementary school children spend in physical education (PE) classes. However, little is known about the effect of PE on child weight. This paper measures that effect by instrumenting for child PE time with state policies, using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K) for 1998-2004. Results from IV models indicate that PE lowers BMI z-score and reduces the probability of obesity among 5th graders (in particular, boys), while the instrument is insufficiently powerful to reliably estimate effects for younger children. This represents some of the first evidence of a causal effect of PE on youth obesity, and thus offers at least some support to the assumptions behind the CDC recommendations. We find no evidence that increased PE time crowds out time in academic courses or has spillovers to achievement test scores.

Download or read book Physical Activity and Learning After School written by Paula J. Schwanenflugel and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2017-12-13 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Subject Areas/Keywords: academic enrichment programs, academic skills, after school activities, after school programs, children, elementary schools, exercise, games, health promotion, high poverty schools, interventions, kinesiology, literacy, mathematics, obesity prevention, physical education, physical fitness, public health, reading, social studies, struggling learners, students DESCRIPTION Every school day, more than 10 million children attend after

Download or read book NSW Schools Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey SPANS 2010 written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The SPANS 2010 provides a comprehensive snapshot of the weight status and related behaviours of school students across NSW... The report provides valuable information for guiding policies and programs to reduce childhood obesity and promote childrens health. The information can be used directly to identify issues of concern and priorities for action."--p. 13.

Download or read book A Physical Activity and Nutrition Education Program in Elementary Schools written by Simone A. Wilson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global childhood obesity crisis, especially in the low-income (LI) minority population, has motivated much interest in interventions addressing important related lifestyle behaviors such as healthy eating (HE) and physical activity (PE). Understanding the perceived barriers and facilitators to HE and PA experienced by children and parents/primary caregivers (PC) is important for intervention success. Based on the Social Cognitive Theory and grounded theory, a mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) study was conducted among (n=27) 5 th grade LI elementary students and 11 parents to assess: dietary quality (DQ), PA and related behaviors, weight and health perceptions, food security, child and adult weight status, family nutrition and PA, as well as perceived barriers and facilitators to HE and PA. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 59% for children and 90% for adults. Food insecurity was reported by 41% of children and DQ (Healthy Eating Index-score) for both children and adults needed improvement (64/100). For PA, 81% of children were not meeting the recommendation. For both children and parents the major facilitators to HE and PA were media (exergames and televised nutrition and PA embedded programs), the PA & HE (PE-Nut) program, and community access. The major barriers were neighborhood safety, accessibility to recreation centers, lack of community modeling of healthy lifestyles, time and monetary constraints. Family ecology was found to promote a positive understanding as well as enhance misconceptions of children regarding health, HE, and PA. PE-Nut and other similar programs are therefore much needed to facilitate as well as ensure accuracy of messages/understanding in this and perhaps other target populations. -- Abstract.