Download or read book Single Crystal Growth of Semiconductors from Metallic Solutions written by Sadik Dost and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-11-17 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Single Crystal Growth of Semiconductors from Metallic Solutions covers the four principal growth techniques currently in use for the growth of semiconductor single crystals from metallic solutions. Providing an in-depth review of the state-of-the-art of each, both experimentally and by numerical simulations. The importance of a close interaction between the numerical and experimental aspects of the processes is also emphasized. Advances in the fields of electronics and opto-electronics are hampered by the limited number of substrate materials which can be readily produced by melt-growth techniques such as the Czochralski and Bridgman methods. This can be alleviated by the use of alternative growth techniques, and in particular, growth from metallic solutions. The principal techniques currently in use are: Liquid Phase Epitaxy; Liquid Phase Electroepitaxy; the Travelling Heater Method, and; Liquid Phase Diffusion. Single Crystal Growth of Semiconductors from Metallic Solutions will serve as a valuable reference tool for researchers, and graduate and senior undergraduate students in the field of crystal growth. It covers most of the models developed in recent years. The detailed development of basic and constitutive equations and the associated interface and boundary conditions given for each technique will be very valuable to researchers for the development of their new models.* Describes the fundamentals of crystal growth modelling* Providing a state-of-the art description of the mathematical and experimental growth processes * Allows reader to gain clear insight into the practical and mathematical aspects of the topic
Download or read book The Si SiO2 System written by P. Balk and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1988 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Si-SiO 2 system has been the subject of concentrated research for over 25 years, particularly because of its key role in silicon integrated circuits. However, only a few comprehensive treatises on this field have been published in recent years. This book focuses on the materials science and technology aspects of the system. Its aim is to give a comprehensive overview of the topic, including an extensive list of references giving easy access to the literature. After an introductory chapter which reviews the Si-SiO 2 system from the perspective of other semiconductor-insulator combinations of technical interest, the technology of oxide preparation is discussed. Fundamental questions regarding the structure and chemistry of the interfacial region are then addressed. Two chapters are concerned with system properties: one deals with the physico-chemical, electrical and device-related characteristics and the way these are affected by the technology of oxide preparation; a second chapter focuses on point defects and charge trapping. The book concludes with a broad review of the techniques available for electrical characterization of the system, including the physical background.
Download or read book Soil Fertilizer and Plant Silicon Research in Japan written by Jian Feng Ma and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-08-09 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon (Si) plays a significant role in the resistance of plants to multiple stresses including biotic and abiotic stresses. Silicon is also the only element that does not damage plants when accumulated in excess. However, the contribution of Si to plant growth has been largely ignored due to its universal existence in the earth's crust. From numerous intensive studies on Si, initiated in Japan about 80 years ago, Japanese scientists realized that Si was important for the healthy growth of rice and for stability of rice production. In a worldwide first, silicon was recognized as a valuable fertilizer in Japan. The beneficial effects of Si on rice growth in particular, are largely attributable to the characteristics of a silica gel that is accumulated on the epidermal tissues in rice. These effects are expressed most clearly under high-density cultivation systems with heavy applications of nitrogen. Si is therefore recognized now as an ''agronomically essential element'' in Japan.Recently, Si has become globally important because it generates resistance in many plants to diseases and pests, and may contribute to reduced rates of application of pesticides and fungicides. Silicon is also now considered as an environment-friendly element. The achievements of Si research in Japan are introduced in this book, in relation to soils, fertilizers and plant nutrition.
Download or read book Electrochemical Processing in ULSI Fabrication III written by Panayotis C. Andricacos and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2002 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Held May 2000 in Toronto, Canada, as part of the 197th meeting of the Electrochemical Society."--Pref.
Download or read book Recent Advances in Computational Optimization written by Stefka Fidanova and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-14 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents recent advances in computational optimization. Our everyday life is unthinkable without optimization. We try to minimize our effort and to maximize the achieved profit. Many real-world and industrial problems arising in engineering, economics, medicine and other domains can be formulated as optimization tasks. The book is a comprehensive collection of extended contributions from the Workshops on Computational Optimization 2020. The book includes important real problems like modeling of physical processes, workforce planning, parameter settings for controlling different processes, transportation problems, wireless sensor networks, machine scheduling, air pollution modeling, solving multiple integrals and systems of differential equations which describe real processes, solving engineering problems. It shows how to develop algorithms for them based on new intelligent methods like evolutionary computations, ant colony optimization, constrain programming and others. This research demonstrates how some real-world problems arising in engineering, economics and other domains can be formulated as optimization problems.
Download or read book Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Cleaning Technology in Semiconductor Device Manufacturing written by Richard E. Novak and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 1996 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Budgetary Decisions written by Dirk-Jan Kraan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-05-02 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although budgetary institutions are very diverse, both between and within countries, this text identifies key elements in the budgetary process common to all forms of representative government. It develops a step-by-step model that can be used to explain, predict and analyze budgetary decisions.
Download or read book Atomistic Simulations of Glasses written by Jincheng Du and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-04-05 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete reference to computer simulations of inorganic glass materials In Atomistic Simulations of Glasses: Fundamentals and Applications, a team of distinguished researchers and active practitioners delivers a comprehensive review of the fundamentals and practical applications of atomistic simulations of inorganic glasses. The book offers concise discussions of classical, first principles, Monte Carlo, and other simulation methods, together with structural analysis techniques and property calculation methods for the models of glass generated from these atomistic simulations, before moving on to practical examples of the application of atomistic simulations in the research of several glass systems. The authors describe simulations of silica, silicate, aluminosilicate, borosilicate, phosphate, halide and oxyhalide glasses with up-to-date information and explore the challenges faced by researchers when dealing with these systems. Both classical and ab initio methods are examined and comparison with experimental structural and property data provided. Simulations of glass surfaces and surface-water reactions are also covered. Atomistic Simulations of Glasses includes multiple case studies and addresses a variety of applications of simulation, from elucidating the structure and properties of glasses for optical, electronic, architecture applications to high technology fields such as flat panel displays, nuclear waste disposal, and biomedicine. The book also includes: A thorough introduction to the fundamentals of atomistic simulations, including classical, ab initio, Reverse Monte Carlo simulation and topological constraint theory methods Important ingredients for simulations such as interatomic potential development, structural analysis methods, and property calculations are covered Comprehensive explorations of the applications of atomistic simulations in glass research, including the history of atomistic simulations of glasses Practical discussions of rare earth and transition metal-containing glasses, as well as halide and oxyhalide glasses In-depth examinations of glass surfaces and silicate glass-water interactions Perfect for glass, ceramic, and materials scientists and engineers, as well as physical, inorganic, and computational chemists, Atomistic Simulations of Glasses: Fundamentals and Applications is also an ideal resource for condensed matter and solid-state physicists, mechanical and civil engineers, and those working with bioactive glasses. Graduate students, postdocs, senior undergraduate students, and others who intend to enter the field of simulations of glasses would also find the book highly valuable.
Download or read book Silicon Wet Bulk Micromachining for MEMS written by Prem Pal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-04-07 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based sensors and actuators have become remarkably popular in the past few decades. Rapid advances have taken place in terms of both technologies and techniques of fabrication of MEMS structures. Wet chemical–based silicon bulk micromachining continues to be a widely used technique for the fabrication of microstructures used in MEMS devices. Researchers all over the world have contributed significantly to the advancement of wet chemical–based micromachining, from understanding the etching mechanism to exploring its application to the fabrication of simple to complex MEMS structures. In addition to its various benefits, one of the unique features of wet chemical–based bulk micromachining is the ability to fabricate slanted sidewalls, such as 45° walls as micromirrors, as well as freestanding structures, such as cantilevers and diaphragms. This makes wet bulk micromachining necessary for the fabrication of structures for myriad applications. This book provides a comprehensive understating of wet bulk micromachining for the fabrication of simple to advanced microstructures for various applications in MEMS. It includes introductory to advanced concepts and covers research on basic and advanced topics on wet chemical–based silicon bulk micromachining. The book thus serves as an introductory textbook for undergraduate- and graduate-level students of physics, chemistry, electrical and electronic engineering, materials science, and engineering, as well as a comprehensive reference for researchers working or aspiring to work in the area of MEMS and for engineers working in microfabrication technology.
Download or read book Si Silicon written by and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume concludes the coverage of silicon carbide, SiC, begun in "Silicon" Supplement Volume B 2, 1984, subtitled "Silicon Carbide - Part I". Part I described the physical properties of SiC, SiC diodes, molecular species in the SiC-C gas phase, and amorphous silicon-carbon alloys. The current Part II ("Silicon" Supplement Volume B 3,1986) covers in its initial chapter the Si-C phase diagram and in the final chapters the higher order systems of Si and C with additional elements through boron, arranged according to the Gmelin system. In between some 95% of the volume focusses on SiC, beginning with its natural occurrence, preparation and formation, and purification, continuing with its chemical analysis, manufacture of special ized forms, electrochemistry, and chemical reactions, and concluding with descriptions of its myriad applications. The final applications section covering electronic devices also describes similar applications of the amorphous Si-C alloys. The successive chapters in this volume are often closely interrelated, since it is often necessary to synthesize SiC directly in a form in which it will be applied. SiC cannot be melted and cast, nor rolled nor drawn, nor is it easily electroplated or sintered or purified. Silicon carbide first became known to man when E. G. Acheson in 1891 used an electric current to heat a mixture of clay and carbon to extremely high temperatures.
Download or read book Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book BIOS Instant Notes in Mathematics and Statistics for Life Scientists written by Aulay MacKenzie and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2004-07-01 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Instant Notes in Mathematics and Statistics for Life Scientists is aimed at undergraduate life science students who need to improve or brush-up their mathematical and statistical skills to a level which will make the quantitative components of most undergraduate biological courses accessible.
Download or read book Cleaning Technology in Semiconductor Device Manufacturing written by and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2000 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrochemical Processing in ULSI Fabrication and Semiconductor metal Deposition II written by Panayotis C. Andricacos and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 1999 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Passivity of Metals and Semiconductors written by Michael Brian Ives and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2001 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Chemical Methods written by G. E. Rayment and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2011 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes over 200 laboratory and field chemical tests relevant to Australasia and beyond.
Download or read book Silicon and Nano silicon in Environmental Stress Management and Crop Quality Improvement written by Hassan Etesami and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-04-06 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon and Nano-silicon in Environmental Stress Management and Crop Quality Improvement: Progress and Prospects provides a comprehensive overview of the latest understanding of the physiological, biochemical and molecular basis of silicon- and nano-silicon-mediated environmental stress tolerance and crop quality improvements in plants. The book not only covers silicon-induced biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in crops but is also the first to include nano-silicon-mediated approaches to environmental stress tolerance in crops. As nanotechnology has emerged as a prominent tool for enhancing agricultural productivity, and with the production and applications of nanoparticles (NPs) greatly increasing in many industries, this book is a welcomed resource. - Enables the development of strategies to enhance crop productivity and better utilize natural resources to ensure future food security - Focuses on silicon- and nano-silicon-mediated environmental stress tolerance - Addresses the challenges of both biotic and abiotic stresses
