Download or read book The Role of Working Memory in Adult Age Differences in Subjective Organization written by Wei Huang and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Working Memory and Ageing written by Robert H. Logie and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-06-20 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid growth in the numbers of older people worldwide has led to an equally rapid growth in research on the changes across age in cognitive function, including the processes of moment to moment cognition known as working memory. This book brings together international research leaders who address major questions about how age affects working memory: Why is working memory function much better preserved in some people than others? In all healthy adults, which aspects of working memory are retained in later years and which aspects start declining in early adulthood? Can cognitive training help slow cognitive decline with age? How are changes in brain structures, connectivity and activation patterns related to important changes in working memory function? Impairments of cognition, and particularly of working memory, can be major barriers to independent living. The chapters of this book dispel some popular myths about cognitive ageing, while presenting the state of the science on how and why working memory functions as it does throughout the adult lifespan. Working Memory and Aging is the first volume to provide an overview of the burgeoning literature on changes in working memory function across healthy and pathological ageing, and it will be of great interest to advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers in psychology and related subject areas concerned with the effects of human ageing, including several areas of medicine.
Download or read book Adult Age Differences in Memory the Roles of Facilitation and Interference written by Scott Charles Brown and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Five experiments examined whether age differences in a memory task were greater when successful responding was opposed by prior learning (i.e., interference) than when it was consistent with prior learning (i.e., facilitation). Older and younger adults' performance under facilitation and interference conditions was examined in a direct memory test (Experiments 1 and 2), as well as an indirect memory test (Experiments 3, 4, and 5). The experimental results were used to distinguish between two alternative accounts of aging and memory: impaired recollection, versus impaired inhibition. Experiments 1 and 2 employed a variant of Jacoby's (1991) process dissociation procedure, in which participants studied sentence completions that had been either the dominant or the non-dominant completion for that sentence in a prior learning phase. Both experiments revealed age declines in recollection of repeated targets and in inhibition of repeated distractors; however, these age decrements were reliable only in Experiment 2. Supportive conditions in the first two experiments (i.e., reinstatement of perceptual context and of prior knowledge) did not reliably reduce age differences in recall. Experiments 3, 4, and 5 employed Reingold's (1995) letter deletion task to examine age differences in facilitation and interference priming. Facilitation priming appeared age-invariant when absolute reaction time (RT) differences were considered, but showed age declines when proportionate RT differences were considered (Experiment 4). Interference priming was age-invariant in one experiment (Experiment 3), but showed age-related increases in two other experiments employing greater numbers of trials (Experiments 4 and 5). These latter two experiments employed manipulations (i.e., presentation frequency and working memory load) that were expected to differentially increase interference for older adults. However, the latter two experiments revealed an age-related increase in interference across 'all' conditions that reflected an increased number of very long RTs in older adults. In summary, the five experiments provided evidence for age declines in both recollection and inhibition. These results support the view that age differences in memory are due to general failures of cognitive control, rather than a specific inhibitory failure. However, the form and degree of age-related deficits appear to depend on task and subject parameters.
Download or read book Working Memory Capacity written by Nelson Cowan and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of one's memory "filling up" is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a "full brain" makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers.
Download or read book Aging and Cognition written by T.M. Hess and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1990-10-09 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past two decades, there has been a dramatic increase in interest in the study of aging-related changes in cognitive abilities. In this volume researchers from a variety of theoretical perspectives discuss adult age differences in a wide range of cognitive skills. Of special interest is the extent to which aging effects on performance are related to variations in the representation, organization, and utilization of knowledge, broadly defined. Recent research and theory in the field of aging has emphasized the need to examine such processes more closely in order to provide a more complete understanding of aging effects on cognitive behavior.
Download or read book Cognitive Aging written by Denise Park and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As our society ages, the topic of cognitive aging is becoming increasingly important. This volume provides an accessible overview of how the cognitive system changes as a function of normal aging. Building on the successful first edition, this volume provide an even more comprehensive coverage of the major issues affecting memory, attention, language, speech and other aspects of cognitive functioning. The essential chapters from the first edition have been thoroughly revised and updated and new chapters have been introduced which draw in neuroscience studies and more applied topics. In addition, contributors were encouraged to ensure their chapters are accessible to students studying the topic for the first time. This therefore makes the volume appealing as a textbook on senior undergraduate and graduate courses.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Age cognition Relations in Adulthood written by Timothy A. Salthouse and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is the written version of a series of talks delivered as recent MacEachran Lectures at the University of Alberta. The informal style of the lectures, and the inclusion of a relatively large number of figures, has been preserved in order to keep the monograph faithful to the concept of an individual attempting to integrate his own research into a reasonably coherent framework. Although the volume is very much a personal account of one individual's perspective, the studies reported are naturally a product of many collaborations as well as inspirations from colleagues. The fundamental issue addressed is how adult age differences in fluid or process aspects of cognitive functioning are to be explained. Several potential mediators are considered, with most of the emphasis devoted to the investigation of working memory and processing speed as variables mediating relations between age and cognition.
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging written by Ayanna K. Thomas and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-28 with total page 1019 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decades of research have demonstrated that normal aging is accompanied by cognitive change. Much of this change has been conceptualized as a decline in function. However, age-related changes are not universal, and decrements in older adult performance may be moderated by experience, genetics, and environmental factors. Cognitive aging research to date has also largely emphasized biological changes in the brain, with less evaluation of the range of external contributors to behavioral manifestations of age-related decrements in performance. This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge cognitive aging research through the lens of a life course perspective that takes into account both behavioral and neural changes. Focusing on the fundamental principles that characterize a life course approach - genetics, early life experiences, motivation, emotion, social contexts, and lifestyle interventions - this handbook is an essential resource for researchers in cognition, aging, and gerontology.
Download or read book Memory and Aging written by Moshe Naveh-Benjamin and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2012-05-04 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current demographical patterns predict an aging worldwide population. It is projected that by 2050, more than 20% of the US population and 40% of the Japanese population will be older than 65. A dramatic increase in research on memory and aging has emerged to understand the age-related changes in memory since the ability to learn new information and retrieve previously learned information is essential for successful aging, and allows older adults to adapt to changes in their environment, self-concept, and social roles. This volume represents the latest psychological research on different aspects of age-related changes in memory. Written by a group of leading international researchers, its chapters cover a broad array of issues concerning the changes that occur in memory as people grow older, including the mechanisms and processes underlying these age-related memory changes, how these changes interact with social and cultural environments, and potential programs intended to increase memory performance in old age. Similarly, the chapters draw upon diverse methodological approaches, including cross-cultural extreme group experimental designs, longitudinal designs assessing intra-participant change, and computational approaches and neuroimaging assessment. Together, they provide converging evidence for stability and change in memory as people grow older, for the underlying causes of these patterns, as well as for the heterogeneity in older adults’ performance. Memory and Aging is essential reading for researchers in memory, cognitive aging, and gerontology.
Download or read book Working Memory written by Robert Logie and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-12 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Working memory refers to how we keep track of what we are doing moment to moment throughout our waking lives. It allows us to remember what we have just done, focus on what we are doing now, to solve problems, be creative, think about what we will be doing in the next few seconds, and continually to update in our mind changes around us throughout the day. This book brings together in one volume, state-of-the-science chapters written by the most productive and well known working memory researchers worldwide. Chapters cover different approaches to understanding how working memory works, using behavioural experimental techniques, neuroimaging, computational modelling, how it changes from childhood through to healthy old age, how it is affected by dementia and brain damage, and how it is used in everyday life. A unique feature of the book is that each chapter starts with answers to a set of common questions for all authors. This allows readers very rapidly to compare key differences in theoretical assumptions and approaches to working memory across chapters, and to understand the theoretical context before going on to read each chapter in detail. Uniquely, all authors consider evidence that is not consistent with their theoretical assumptions, whereas it is common for authors to ignore contradictory evidence. This approach leads to new interpretations and new hypotheses to test in future research and greatly enhances our understanding of this crucial human ability. Written and edited by the leading researchers in the field, the book will be an important and influential addition to the memory literature.
Download or read book Cognitive Aging written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-21 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For most Americans, staying "mentally sharp" as they age is a very high priority. Declines in memory and decision-making abilities may trigger fears of Alzheimer's disease or other neurodegenerative diseases. However, cognitive aging is a natural process that can have both positive and negative effects on cognitive function in older adults - effects that vary widely among individuals. At this point in time, when the older population is rapidly growing in the United States and across the globe, it is important to examine what is known about cognitive aging and to identify and promote actions that individuals, organizations, communities, and society can take to help older adults maintain and improve their cognitive health. Cognitive Aging assesses the public health dimensions of cognitive aging with an emphasis on definitions and terminology, epidemiology and surveillance, prevention and intervention, education of health professionals, and public awareness and education. This report makes specific recommendations for individuals to reduce the risks of cognitive decline with aging. Aging is inevitable, but there are actions that can be taken by individuals, families, communities, and society that may help to prevent or ameliorate the impact of aging on the brain, understand more about its impact, and help older adults live more fully and independent lives. Cognitive aging is not just an individual or a family or a health care system challenge. It is an issue that affects the fabric of society and requires actions by many and varied stakeholders. Cognitive Aging offers clear steps that individuals, families, communities, health care providers and systems, financial organizations, community groups, public health agencies, and others can take to promote cognitive health and to help older adults live fuller and more independent lives. Ultimately, this report calls for a societal commitment to cognitive aging as a public health issue that requires prompt action across many sectors.
Download or read book Adult Age Differences in Spatial Working Memory written by Timothy T. Morrison and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Inhibitory Functioning in Age related Working Memory Decline and the Moderating Effect of Time Course Changes in Inhibitory Functioning with Age written by Mervin Blair and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current thesis investigated whether and how inhibitory and working memory functioning change with age in the context of a sequential action paradigm. The approach taken was guided by (1) propositions that inhibitory functions decline with age and negatively impact higher order abilities, and (2) the utility of better understanding cognitive mechanisms underlying sequential activities. In Study 1, I examined the extent to which age-related decline in deletion-type inhibition (suppression of no-longer-relevant information) accounted for age differences in working memory performance. Unlike much of the prior research, I examined inhibitory changes with respect to working memory components (processing and storage). I observed that reduced deletion-type inhibition with age accounted for sizable proportions of age differences in working memory components, with significant findings in storage and marginal findings in processing components. This finding indicates that changes in executive function with age, such as inhibitory control, have direct implications for working memory functioning at the componential level. Moreover, given the observation of age-related decline in deletion-type inhibition in Study 1, a finding that has been inconsistent in the literature, in two subsequent studies I examined the nature of inhibitory changes with age. In particular, I examined whether compared to younger adults, older adults{u2019} have reduced ability to engage deletion-type inhibition in a timely manner, beyond the effects of age-related general slowing. In Study 2, I did not observe age differences in the time course of deletion-type inhibition when I examined erroneous responses to the prior, no-longer-relevant, item (n - 1 repeat). However, this finding may have been limited by low error rates obtained. Thus, in Study 3, response latencies on n - 1 repeats were examined for changes in low-level (unintentional) deletion-type inhibition across variable numbers of distractors, corresponding to variable time delays. Compared to younger adults, older adults had difficulty engaging deletion-type inhibition. This finding suggests that more detailed specification of inhibitory changes with age might depend on examining the temporal dynamics of inhibitory functioning in young and older adults. Taken together, this work highlights the important role of inhibitory functioning with age in higher order cognition (working memory) and emphasizes the utility of examining age effects in the time course of cognitive functions in sequential tasks.
Download or read book The Cognitive Neuroscience of Working Memory written by Naoyuki Osaka and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is only relatively recently that it has been possible to study the neural processes that might underlie working memory, leading to a proliferation of research in this domain. This volume brings together leading researchers from around the world to summarise current knowledge of this field.
Download or read book Everyday Memory and Aging written by Robin L. West and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Everyday Memory and Aging is a comprehensive handbook which touches virtually every aspect of current everyday memory research and methodology as they relate to aging. This book demonstrates that the results of divergent approaches to the study of everyday memory and aging frequently dovetail, and it widens significantly the scope of investigation and know- ledge in the field.
Download or read book Everyday Cognition in Adulthood and Late Life written by Leonard W. Poon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992-01-31 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors present relevant data that open up new directions for those studying cognitive aging.
Download or read book Adult Age Differences in Memory for Prose written by Mark David Corgiat and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
