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Book The role of ligneous vegetation for livestock nutrition in the sub Sahelian and Sudanian zones of West Africa  Potential effects of climate change

Download or read book The role of ligneous vegetation for livestock nutrition in the sub Sahelian and Sudanian zones of West Africa Potential effects of climate change written by Nouhoun Zampaligre and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2012-10-17 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kurzbeschreibung Aufgrund der starken Abhängigkeit von Niederschlägen und natürlichen Ressourcen gelten Ackerbau und Viehzucht im subsaharischen westlichen Afrika als besonders anfällig für klimatischen Wandel. Verstärkt wird dies durch das geringe Anpassungsvermögen der lokalen Bauern und Viehzüchter an die neuen Umstände. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war daher die Untersuchung der zu erwartenden Einflüsse zukünftiger Klimaveränderungen auf die Tierernährung und Weidenutzung in der südlichen Sahelzone und der nördlichen und südlichen Sudanzone in Burkina Faso. Um dies zu erreichen, wurden von 2009 bis 2010 drei Studien durchgeführt; dafür ausgewählt wurden die Dörfer und Dorfgebiete (100 km²) von Taffogo (südliche Sahelzone), Nobere und Safane (nördliche Sudanzone) und Sokouraba (südliche Sudanzone). Die Wahl von zwei Dörfern in der nördlichen Sudanzone war begründet durch die Dichotomie zwischen intensiver landwirtschaftlicher Nutzung und hoher Bevölkerungsdichte in Safane und geringer ackerbaulicher Nutzungsintensität in der Pufferzone zwischen dem Dorf Nobere und dem Nationalpark Pô. Unter Verwendung globaler Navigations- (GPS) sowie Geoinformationssysteme (GIS) wurden räumliche und zeitliche Veränderungen in der Weidenutzung sowie im Fressverhalten von Rindern, Schafen und Ziegen in den vier Dörfern untersucht. Hierzu wurden pro Dorf jeweils drei Herden der genannten Haustierarten über einen Zeitraum von einem Jahr beobachtet (Kapitel 2). Die längsten Weidewege (km/Tag) waren während der heißen Trockenzeit (März – Mai) festzustellen. Schafe (18,8) und Rinder (17,4) legten dabei signifikant größere Distanzen zurück als Ziegen (10,5; p0,05). Die tägliche Weidedauer lag zwischen sechs und elf Stunden und war bei den Rindern länger als bei den kleinen Wiederkäuern (p0,05). Artunabhängig wurden 52–72% des Weidetages mit der Aufnahme von Futter verbracht. In der südlichen Sahelzone verbrachten die Herden mehr Zeit pro Tag auf den Weideflächen und legten zudem größere Distanzen zurück als in den beiden sudanischen Zonen (p0,01); die effektive Fresszeit war dagegen in der südlichen Sudanzone am längsten (p0,05). Eine proportionale Abnahme von Ruhephasen war während der Regenzeit (Juni - Oktober) im Vergleich zur kühlen (November - Februar) sowie heißen Trockenzeit zu beobachten (p0,05), während gleichzeitig der proportionale Anteil der Marschzeit zunahm. Unabhängig von der Jahreszeit erfolgte die Futteraufnahme in der südlichen Sahelzone bei allen drei Arten signifikant häufiger in bewaldeten Bereichen (Baumdeckung 5-10% oder Strauchdeckung 10%), während sie sich in den beiden sudanischen Zonen vornehmlich auf Waldflächen (Baumdeckung 10%) konzentrierte. Daraus lässt sich ableiten, dass bei gleichzeitiger Ausdehnung von landwirtschaftlich genutzten Flächen verbleibende Waldinseln und baumreiche Bereiche, einschließlich älterer (und damit buschbestandener) Brachflächen wertvolle Weidegründe für die lokalen Wiederkäuerherden darstellen. Es sollten daher Maßnahmen ergriffen werden, um dem Rückgang solch bewaldeter Bereiche entgegenzuwirken und gleichzeitig den Schutz sowie die (Wieder-)Anpflanzung dürretoleranter Futterbäume aktiv zu fördern. In einer weiteren Studie (Kapitel 3) wurde die Futterselektion der genannten Herden weidender Rinder und kleiner Wiederkäuer untersucht, und 75 Tierhalter zum Weideverhalten ihrer Tiere sowie zur Behandlung von Tierkrankheiten mit traditionellen pflanzlichen Medikamenten befragt. Ziel war es, die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Ernährung und Gesundheit der Nutztiere zu erfassen. Über alle drei untersuchten agro-ökologischen Zonen hinweg zeigen die Ergebnisse eine bevorzugte Nutzung holziger Futterpflanzen durch die drei Tierarten. Der Anteil der auf Selektion solcher Pflanzen verwendeten Zeit an der Gesamfreßzeit war dabei bei Ziegen signifikant höher als bei Schafen und Rindern (p

Book The Role of Ligneous Vegetation for Livestock Nutrition in the Sub Sahelian and Sudanian Zones of West Africa

Download or read book The Role of Ligneous Vegetation for Livestock Nutrition in the Sub Sahelian and Sudanian Zones of West Africa written by Nouhoun Zampaligré and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Grazing Land Ecosystems of the African Sahel

Download or read book The Grazing Land Ecosystems of the African Sahel written by Henry N. Le Houerou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 7. 2 The Pilot Zone of the FerIo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 7. 2. 1 Geographical Zoning and Administrative Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 7. 2. 2 Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 7. 2. 3 The Substratum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 7. 2. 4 Surface Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 7. 2. 5 Vegetation and Rangelands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 7. 2. 6 Wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 7. 2. 7 Livestock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 7. 2. 8 Evolution of Land Use and History of Development . . . . . . . . 170 7. 3 Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 7. 3. 1 Principles, Problems and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 7. 3. 2 Evaluation of Green Herbaceous Biomass by Orbital Remote Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 7. 3. 3 Evaluation of Range Production from Ground Sampling . . . . 207 7. 3. 4 Low Altitude Systematic Reconnaissance Flights (SRF) . . . . . . 211 7. 3. 5 Practical Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 7. 4 Conclusions on Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 8 General Conclusions: Towards an Ecological Management of the Sahelian Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 of Scientific Names. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 . . . . . . . . . . . . Index Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 VII Abbreviations and Acronyms AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer CILSS Comite Inter-Etats de Lutte contre la Secheresse au Sahel CIPEA Centre International pour l'Elevage en Afrique CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CP Crude Protein (N x 6.

Book Pastoralism and Socio technological Transformations in Northern Benin

Download or read book Pastoralism and Socio technological Transformations in Northern Benin written by Georges Djohy and published by Göttingen University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pastoralists throughout Africa face increasing pressures. In Benin, governmental development policies and programmes in crop farming are changing power relations between herders and farmers to favour the latter. How are the Fulani pastoralists responding to these threats to their existence? Georges Djohy explores the dynamics in local use of natural resources and in inter-ethnic relations resulting from development interventions. He combines the approaches of science and technology studies – looking at the co-construction of society and technology – and political ecology – looking at the power relations shaping the dynamics of economic, environmental and social change – so as to throw light on the forces of marginalisation, adaptation and innovation at work in northern Benin. Having worked there for many years, Djohy has been able to uncover gradual processes of socio-technological change that are happening “behind the scenes” of agricultural development involving mechanisation, herbicide use, tree planting, land registration and natural resource conservation. He reveals how farmers are using these interventions as “weapons” in order to gain more rights over larger areas of land, in other words, to support indigenous land grabbing from herders who had been using the land since decades for grazing. He documents how the Fulani are innovating to ensure their survival, e.g. by using new technologies for transport and communication, developing new strategies of livestock feeding and herd movement, and developing complementary sources of household income. The Fulani are organising themselves from local to national level to provide technological and socio-cultural services, manage conflicts and gain a stronger political voice, e.g. to be able to achieve demarcation of corridors for moving livestock through cultivated areas. They even use non-functioning mini-dairies – another example of development intervention – to demonstrate their modernity and to open up other opportunities to transform their pastoral systems. This book provides insights into normally hidden technical and social dynamics that are unexpected outcomes of development interventions.

Book Browse in Africa

    Book Details:
  • Author :
  • Publisher : ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD)
  • Release :
  • ISBN :
  • Pages : 500 pages

Download or read book Browse in Africa written by and published by ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). This book was released on with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Livestock Sustainable Nutrient Cycling in Mized Farming Systems of Sub Saharan Africa

Download or read book Livestock Sustainable Nutrient Cycling in Mized Farming Systems of Sub Saharan Africa written by and published by ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). This book was released on with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Livestock and Sustainable Nutrient Cycling in Mixed Farming Systems of Sub Saharan Africa  Conference summary

Download or read book Livestock and Sustainable Nutrient Cycling in Mixed Farming Systems of Sub Saharan Africa Conference summary written by J. M. Powell and published by ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conference summary; Summary of plenary sessins; Opening session; Interactions between animals and plants; Interactions between animals and soils; Interactions between plant and soils; Nutrient cycling in mixed farming systems; Modelling nutrient cycles; Closing session; Summary of focus group sessions; Introduction; Animal-plant interactions; Animal-soil interacions; Socio-economic dimensions in nutrient cycling.

Book Browse in Africa

    Book Details:
  • Author : Henri Noël Le Houérou
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 1980
  • ISBN :
  • Pages : 512 pages

Download or read book Browse in Africa written by Henri Noël Le Houérou and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Livestock and Sustainable Nutrient Cycling in Mixed Farming Systems of Sub Saharan Africa  Technical papers

Download or read book Livestock and Sustainable Nutrient Cycling in Mixed Farming Systems of Sub Saharan Africa Technical papers written by J. M. Powell and published by ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technical papers. Setting the scene. Interactions between animals and plants. Interactions between animals and soils. Interactions between plants and soils. Nutrient cycling in mixed farming systems. Modelling nutrient cycles in plant/animal/soil systems.

Book Livestock Production in the Subhumid Zone of West Africa

Download or read book Livestock Production in the Subhumid Zone of West Africa written by International Livestock Centre for Africa and published by ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). This book was released on 1979-01-01 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Balanites Aegyptiaca

Download or read book Balanites Aegyptiaca written by John B. Hall and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Tropical Forestry Papers

Download or read book Tropical Forestry Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Acacia Senegal and the Gum Arabic Trade

Download or read book Acacia Senegal and the Gum Arabic Trade written by Christopher W. Fagg and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Livestock

    Book Details:
  • Author : United Nations. Special Sahelian Office
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 1973
  • ISBN :
  • Pages : 49 pages

Download or read book Livestock written by United Nations. Special Sahelian Office and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Agrindex

    Book Details:
  • Author :
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 1988
  • ISBN :
  • Pages : 572 pages

Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book An Introduction to Agroforestry

Download or read book An Introduction to Agroforestry written by P. K. R. Nair and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1993-07-31 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This college-level textbook summarizes the state of current knowledge in the rapidly expanding field of agroforestry. The book, organized into 25 chapters in six sections, reviews the developments in agroforestry during the past 15 years and describes the accomplishments in the application of biophysical (plant and soil related) and socioeconomic sciences to agroforestry. Although the major focus of the book is on the tropics, where the practice and potential of agroforestry are particularly promising, the developments in temperate zone agroforestry are also discussed. This text is recommended for students, teachers, and researchers in agroforestry, farming systems, and tropical land use.

Book Trees and Shrubs of the Sahel

Download or read book Trees and Shrubs of the Sahel written by Hans-Jürgen von Maydell and published by Balogh Scientific Books. This book was released on 1990 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: