Download or read book The Role of Comprehension in Remembering Sentences written by J. Richard Barclay and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Structure of Language written by Jerry A. Fodor and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Science of False Memory written by C. J. Brainerd and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-05-05 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Findings from research on false memory have major implications for a number of fields central to human welfare, such as medicine and law. Although many important conclusions have been reached after a decade or so of intensive research, the majority of them are not well known outside the immediate field. To make this research accessible to a much wider audience, The Science of False Memory has been written to require little or no background knowledge of the theory and techniques used in memory research. Brainerd and Reyna introduce the volume by considering the progenitors to the modern science of false memory, and noting the remarkable degree to which core themes of contemporary research were anticipated by historical figure such as Binet, Piaget, and Bartlett. They continue with an account of the varied methods that have been used to study false memory both inside and outside of the laboratory. The first part of the volume focuses on the basic science of false memory, revolving around three topics: old and new theoretical ideas that have been used to explain false memory and make predictions about it; research findings and predictions about false memory in normal adults; and research findings and predictions about age-related changes in false memory between early childhood and adulthood. Throughout Part I, Brainerd and Reyna emphasize how current opponent-processes conceptions of false memory act as a unifying influence by integrating predictions and data across disparate forms of false memory. The second part focuses on the applied science of false memory, revolving around four topics: the falsifiability of witnesses and suspects memories of crimes, including false confessions by suspects; the falsifiability of eyewitness identifications of suspects; false-memory reports in investigative interviews of child victims and witnesses, particularly in connection with sexual-abuse crimes; false memory in psychotherapy, including recovered memories of childhood abuse, multiple-personality disorders, and recovered memories of previous lives. Although Part II is concerned with applied research, Brainerd and Reyna continue to emphasize the unifying influence of opponent-processes conceptions of false memory. The third part focuses on emerging trends, revolving around three expanding areas of false-memory research: mathematical models, aging effects, and cognitive neuroscience. False Memory will be an invaluable resource for professional researchers, practitioners, and students in the many fields for which false-memory research has implications, including child-protective services, clinical psychology, law, criminal justice, elementary and secondary education, general medicine, journalism, and psychiatry.
Download or read book The Role of Working Memory and Executive Function in Communication under Adverse Conditions written by Mary Rudner and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-06-20 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Communication is vital for social participation. However, communication often takes place under suboptimal conditions. This makes communication harder and less reliable, leading at worst to social isolation. In order to promote participation, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying communication in different situations. Human communication is often speech based, either oral or written, but may also involve gesture, either accompanying speech or in the form of sign language. For communication to be achieved, a signal generated by one person has to be perceived by another person, attended to, comprehended and responded to. This process may be hindered by adverse conditions including factors that may be internal to the sender (e.g. incomplete or idiosyncratic language production), occur during transmission (e.g. background noise or signal processing) or be internal to the receiver (e.g. poor grasp of the language or sensory impairment). The extent to which these factors interact to generate adverse conditions may differ across the lifespan. Recent work has shown that successful speech communication under adverse conditions is associated with good cognitive capacity including efficient working memory and executive abilities such as updating and inhibition. Further, frontoparietal networks associated with working memory and executive function have been shown to be activated to a greater degree when it is harder to achieve speech comprehension. To date, less work has focused on sign language communication under adverse conditions or the role of gestures accompanying speech communication under adverse conditions. It has been proposed that the role of working memory in communication under such conditions is to keep fragments of an incomplete signal in mind, updating them as appropriate and inhibiting irrelevant information, until an adequate match can be achieved with lexical and semantic representations held in long term memory. Recent models of working memory highlight an episodic buffer whose role is the multimodal integration of information from the senses and long term memory. It is likely that the episodic buffer plays a key role in communication under adverse conditions. The aim of this research topic is to draw together multiple perspectives on communication under adverse conditions including empirical and theoretical approaches. This will facilitate a scientific exchange among individual scientists and groups studying different aspects of communication under adverse conditions and/or the role of cognition in communication. As such, this topic belongs firmly within the field of Cognitive Hearing Science. Exchange of ideas among scientists with different perspectives on these issues will allow researchers to identify and highlight the way in which different internal and external factors interact to make communication in different modalities more or less successful across the lifespan. Such exchange is the forerunner of broader dissemination of results which ultimately, may make it possible to take measures to reduce adverse conditions, thus facilitating communication. Such measures might be implemented in relation to the built environment, the design of hearing aids and public awareness.
Download or read book Cognition and the Symbolic Processes written by Walter B. Weimer and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-06-03 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1974 and taking the revolution in psycholinguistics and cognitive psychology as a point of departure, this book summarizes the lessons learned from past attempts to construct a psychology of the higher mental processes. Even more importantly, it crystallizes specific directives and research proposals that show where cognitive psychology ought to go in the future. The relationship of learning theory, linguistics, and perception to the broad field of cognition and the nature of mind and knowledge are examined in detail. Today it can be read in its historical context.
Download or read book Working Memory and Education written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-05-22 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychologists have been trying to understand the factors that underpin children's success and failure in different educational domains for many years. One psychological function that has been found to play an important role in educational achievement is 'working memory', the processes involved in the temporary maintenance and manipulation of information. This book provides the reader with an up-to-date review of the research that has identified how working memory relates to academic attainment in: reading, reading comprehension, arithmetic and writing, as well as looking at how children with difficulties relating to hearing impairment and attention deficits differ in terms of their working memory. Other chapters focus on how working memory is called upon in classroom settings, how working memory can be assessed, and approaches to remediation. The opening chapter of the book provides an account of working memory from the architect of the model that has dominated psychological theory for over two decades. This book is a valuable resource for psychologists, educationalists, and anyone seeking to understand more about the cognitive basis of educational achievement in children.* It brings together in one volume information that would normally be found in different sources* It brings together two disciplines that are highly relevant to one another (psychology and education) but not often linked directly* Provides psychologists with a perspective on educational practice* Provides educationalists with a well-established psychological framework for viewing educational phenomena* It provides information about up-to-date research techniques* It provides suggestions on how psychological theory can be translated into practice in educational settings
Download or read book On remembering forgetting and understanding sentences written by Eric Wanner and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No detailed description available for "On remembering, forgetting, and understanding sentences".
Download or read book Fleeting Memories written by Veronika Coltheart and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The investigation of what people understand and remember from rapidlypresented sequences of visual stimuli began in the late 1960s. In this book, prominent researchers approach the topic from psychological, neuropsychological, and electrophysiological perspectives. The investigation of what people understand and remember from rapidly presented sequences of visual stimuli began in the late 1960s. In this book prominent researchers approach the topic from psychological, neuropsychological, and electrophysiological perspectives. Specific issues include RSVP (rapid serial visual presentation), attentional blink, repetition blindness, and scene perception. The contributors review recent research on our ability to comprehend and remember pictures of objects and scenes, written words, and sentences when the visual stimuli are presented sequentially at rates of up to ten items per second. In short, the book is about our remarkably developed abilities to understand and remember the contents of very briefly presented material.ContributorsDaphne Bavelier, Veronika Coltheart, Helene Intraub, Nancy Kanwisher, Steven J. Luck, Nadine Martin, Mary C. Potter, Eleanor M. Saffran, Kimron L. Shapiro, Ewa Wojciulik, Jeremy M. Wolfe, Carol Yin
Download or read book Executive Skills and Reading Comprehension written by Kelly B. Cartwright and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2023-03-31 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "How do K-12 students become self-regulated learners who actively deploy comprehension strategies to make meaning from texts? This cutting-edge guide is the first book to highlight the importance of executive skills for improving reading comprehension. Chapters review the research base for particular executive functions/m-/such as planning, organization, cognitive flexibility, and impulse control/m-/and present practical skills-building strategies for the classroom. Detailed examples show what each skill looks like in real readers, and sidebars draw explicit connections to the Common Core State Standards (CCSS)"--
Download or read book The Memory Trace PLE Memory written by Erich Goldmeier and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-05-09 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There was some agreement about what memory traces were not, but little about what actually did characterize the memory trace. Yet models and theories of memory at the time could not help making implicit and often unrecognized assumptions about the memory trace. Originally published in 1982, this title aimed to strengthen the meagre base on which memory theories rested at the time. It challenges old assumptions and introduces new concepts, foremost the notion of singularity, as they become necessary to understand traces adequately. Some research data of the past was found in need of reinterpretation. The result is a new theory of the memory trace.
Download or read book Methodology Of Frontal And Executive Function written by Patrick Rabbitt and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004-08-02 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reflects the pressure to develop useful models and methodologies to study executive behaviour - the ability to update information in working memory in order to control selective attention to formulate plans of action and to monitor their efficient execution. Many models are based on the concept of a single "central executive" that manges these functions; others propose a number of independent "working memory systems" that each serve one task or activity but not others.; This book is a collection of essays by active researchers who discuss their own work on the definition of "executive" or "controlled" behaviours, and on the relation of these behaviours to specific areas of the frontal cortex. The papers are particularly concerned with logical difficulties that arise in defining these functions that lead, in turn, to methodological difficulties in studying them. In particular, they discuss such problems as the low test-re-test reliability of tasks that have been used to define and explore "executive" behaviours, the limited validity of these tasks in predicting performance deficits, the poor localization of the changes observed with respect to underlying brain function, and the relation of performance on these tasks to individual difference in performance on measures of "global" or "general" intellectual ability such as Spearman's 1927 gf.; The authors discuss their own research on the relations between cognitive function and neuropsychology, on changes in executive competence in conditions such as closed head injuries or dementias that may diffusely affect the whole brain, and on changes in executive function in normal old age.
Download or read book Introduction to Memory Development During Childhood and Adolescence written by Wolfgang Schneider and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memory development has been a central topic in developmental psychology for the past 30 years. This volume summarizes the research achievements during that era and relates those achievements to work on memory development conducted throughout the 20th century. An abridgement of Schneider and Pressley's previous work (Memory Development Between Two and Twenty, Second Edition, 1997, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.), this book has been reorganized to better discuss the most important themes in memory development for the novice student. By highlighting the issues driving contemporary memory development research, it provides the knowledge that students require to effectively understand the newest studies on memory development. This textbook is not a history; rather, it offers a framework for understanding the many memory development studies now appearing in the literature. A comprehensive, yet succinct, summary of theory and research on memory development, this volume covers more than a century of research, including European, Soviet, and American contributions. Its organization in terms of basic memory capacities, knowledge, strategies, and metamemory reflects the way that the most important researchers in memory development have conceived of the field during the past two decades. At the same time, it emphasizes the perspective that memory development is not development of any of the components alone, but rather is due to developments in capacity, knowledge, strategies, and metamemory in interaction. As such, the book is appropriate for courses in child development, cognitive development, and cognition and memory--that is, wherever students have a need to know about how leading scholars view the development of memory and intellect.
Download or read book The Acquisition of Complex Sentences written by Holger Diessel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-09-02 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive study of how children acquire complex sentences. Drawing on observational data from English-speaking children aged 2 to 5, Holger Diessel investigates the acquisition of infinitival and participial complement clauses, finite complement clauses, finite and nonfinite relative clauses, adverbial clauses, and coordinate clauses. His investigation shows that the development of complex sentences originates from simple non-embedded sentences and that two different developmental pathways can be distinguished: complex sentences including complement and relative clauses evolve from simple sentences that are gradually expanded to multiple-clause constructions, and complex sentences including adverbial and coordinate clauses develop from simple sentences that are integrated in a specific biclausal unit. He argues that the acquisition process is determined by a variety of factors: the frequency of the various complex sentences in the ambient language, the semantic and syntactic complexity of the emerging constructions, the communicative functions of complex sentences, and the social-cognitive development of the child.
Download or read book Disorders of Syntactic Comprehension written by David Caplan and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the basis of a decade's work on syntactic-comprehension disorders, primarily inthe Neurolinguistics Laboratory of the Montreal Neurological Hospital, David Caplan and NancyHildebrandt present an original theory of these disturbances of language function. They suggest inthis wide-ranging study that syntactic structure breaks down after damage to the brain because ofspecific impairments in the parsing processes and a general decrease in the amount of computationalspace that can be devoted to that function.Disorders of Syntactic Comprehension includes detailedsingle-case analyses and large-group studies, as well as a broad review of the literature onaphasia. It also provides introductions to syntactic structures and parsing for the readerunfamiliar with these subjects. It develops a general framework for viewing disorders in this areaand for identifying a number of specific aspects of the breakdown of syntactic comprehension.Theauthors' richly detailed empirical linguistic database and their careful use of experimentalmaterials enable them to bring the results of their research to bear on several aspects of theoriesof syntactic structure (Chomsky's theory) and parsing (the Berwick-Weinberg parser) and to use thesetheories to describe and explain aphasic phenomena. Moreover, the combination of population andgroup studies allows them to investigate the neurological basis of syntactic disorders in additionto the psychological and linguistic aspects.David N. Caplan is Associate Professor of Neurology andLinguistics at McGill University. Nancy Hildebrandt is in the Neurolinguistics Laboratory at theMassachusetts General Hospital. Disorders of Syntactic Comprehension is included in the seriesIssues in the Biology of Language and Cognition, edited by John C. Marshall.
Download or read book Neurobiology of Language written by Gregory Hickok and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-08-15 with total page 1188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurobiology of Language explores the study of language, a field that has seen tremendous progress in the last two decades. Key to this progress is the accelerating trend toward integration of neurobiological approaches with the more established understanding of language within cognitive psychology, computer science, and linguistics. This volume serves as the definitive reference on the neurobiology of language, bringing these various advances together into a single volume of 100 concise entries. The organization includes sections on the field's major subfields, with each section covering both empirical data and theoretical perspectives. "Foundational" neurobiological coverage is also provided, including neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, genetics, linguistic, and psycholinguistic data, and models. - Foundational reference for the current state of the field of the neurobiology of language - Enables brain and language researchers and students to remain up-to-date in this fast-moving field that crosses many disciplinary and subdisciplinary boundaries - Provides an accessible entry point for other scientists interested in the area, but not actively working in it – e.g., speech therapists, neurologists, and cognitive psychologists - Chapters authored by world leaders in the field – the broadest, most expert coverage available
Download or read book Fahrenheit 451 written by Ray Bradbury and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2003-09-23 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Set in the future when "firemen" burn books forbidden by the totalitarian "brave new world" regime.
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 1520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
