Download or read book The Rise of the Western Armenian Diaspora in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire written by Henry Shapiro and published by Non-Muslim Contributions to Islamic Civilisation. This book was released on 2022-03-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How mass migration and a refugee crisis transformed Armenian culture in the 17th-century Ottoman Empire At the turn of the 17th century, the historical Armenian population centres in Eastern Anatolia and the Caucasus were ravaged by war with Persia, rebellion, famine and economic collapse. This instability caused mass migrations towards secure territories in Western Anatolia, Istanbul and Thrace, migrations which catalysed a renaissance of Armenian literary and cultural life in the Ottoman capital. This book traces the emergence, experiences and cultural and literary production of Armenian communities in and around Istanbul and the western provinces of the Ottoman Empire in the early modern period. Using both Ottoman Turkish and little-known Armenian sources, Henry Shapiro provides a systematic study of the Armenian population movements that resulted in the cosmopolitan remaking of Istanbul - and the birth of the Western Armenian diaspora. Key Features  The first English-language book on Armenian cultural history in the early modern Ottoman Empire  Based on original research using Armenian manuscripts and Ottoman Turkish archives  Includes 3 black-and-white maps and 20 photographs of Armenian ruins, historical sites and manuscript pages Henry R. Shapiro is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Polansky Academy for Advanced Study at the Van Leer Jerusalem Institute.

Download or read book Modern Armenia written by Gerard J. Libaridian and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Armenia reviews Armenian politics and political thinking from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, and the evolution of Armenians from peoplehood to statehood. Written by a key governmental advisor in the early years of Armenian independence, this book analyzes the internal dynamics of the revolutionary movement, the genocide, the Armenian diaspora, its recent independence, and the relationship of these developments to processes in the Ottoman/Turkish, Russian, and Western states. Starting with an overview of Armenian history from mid-nineteenth century to the 1970s, Modern Armenia proceeds to explore the dynamics that led up to and shaped the modern republic. The first part is devoted to understanding the ideologies adopted by the Armenian revolutionary movement in the late nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire that had earlier absorbed historic Western Armenia. Libaridian examines the causes of the rise of political parties and a guerrilla movement and mutations in their strategies. He also describes the tensions within the Armenian community in the face of increasing impoverishment and Ottoman repression. In the second part, Libaridian focuses on the ideology of the Young Turks, who were responsible for the WWI genocide, and then offers a new analysis of the causes of the tragedy. In a third part, the author describes the complexities of dealing with the history of relations between Armenians and Kurds and Armenians and Turks. He explores mutual perceptions and the politics of recognition of the genocide. Libaridian concludes with an overview of Armenia and Armenians during the past two decades, including the rebirth of independent Armenia, its foreign and security policy options, and its relations with the Diaspora. Modern Armenia will be of interest to students of Armenian history, independence movements, the dissolution of the Soviet empire, and foreign relations.

Download or read book Early Modernity and Mobility written by Sebouh David Aslanian and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A history of the continent-spanning Armenian print tradition in the early modern period Early Modernity and Mobility explores the disparate yet connected histories of Armenian printing establishments in early modern Europe and Asia. From 1512, when the first Armenian printed codex appeared in Venice, to the end of the early modern period in 1800, Armenian presses operated in nineteen locations across the Armenian diaspora. Linking far-flung locations in Amsterdam, Livorno, Marseille, Saint Petersburg, and Astrakhan to New Julfa, Madras, and Calcutta, Armenian presses published a thousand editions with more than half a million printed volumes in Armenian script. Drawing on extensive archival research, Sebouh David Aslanian explores why certain books were published at certain times, how books were sold across the diaspora, who read them, and how the printed word helped fashion a new collective identity for early modern Armenians. In examining the Armenian print tradition Aslanian tells a larger story about the making of the diaspora itself. Arguing that "confessionalism" and the hardening of boundaries between the Armenian and Roman churches was the "driving engine" of Armenian book history, Aslanian makes a revisionist contribution to the early modern origins of Armenian nationalism.

Download or read book Early Modernity and Mobility written by Sebouh David Aslanian and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2023-06-27 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A history of the continent-spanning Armenian print tradition in the early modern period Early Modernity and Mobility explores the disparate yet connected histories of Armenian printing establishments in early modern Europe and Asia. From 1512, when the first Armenian printed codex appeared in Venice, to the end of the early modern period in 1800, Armenian presses operated in nineteen locations across the Armenian diaspora. Linking far-flung locations in Amsterdam, Livorno, Marseille, Saint Petersburg, and Astrakhan to New Julfa, Madras, and Calcutta, Armenian presses published a thousand editions with more than half a million printed volumes in Armenian script. Drawing on extensive archival research, Sebouh David Aslanian explores why certain books were published at certain times, how books were sold across the diaspora, who read them, and how the printed word helped fashion a new collective identity for early modern Armenians. In examining the Armenian print tradition Aslanian tells a larger story about the making of the diaspora itself. Arguing that “confessionalism” and the hardening of boundaries between the Armenian and Roman churches was the “driving engine” of Armenian book history, Aslanian makes a revisionist contribution to the early modern origins of Armenian nationalism.

Download or read book A History of the Armenian People written by George A. Bournoutian and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Armenians in the Service of the Ottoman Empire written by Mesrob K. Krikorian and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-01 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1977. Although hundreds of books have been published on the Armenian question and massacres, very little is known about their services in the cultural, economic and administrative life and development of the Ottoman Empire. This study is an investigation into the contribution by Armenians to Ottoman public life from 1860, when the Armenian community in Turkey was given a new legislative Constitution on the basis of Tanzimat (Reforms) until 1908, when the young Turks seized power and there followed a bitterly fanatic policy of intolerance which had tragic consequences for both the Armenians and the Turks. The author has concentrated his investigations on the eastern provinces of Anatolia, which earlier formed the western part of historic Armenia and which in the diplomatic language of the nineteenth century were referred to as ‘provinces inhabited by Armenians’. To these he has added the provinces of Syria, close to the neighbouring Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, and where, especially in and around Aleppo, old Armenian communities had settled. Both in Anatolia and Syria, the Armenians were employed in various administrative, judicial, economic and secretarial fields and, to a lesser extent, in technical affairs, agriculture, education and public health. The author shows how this contribution was made in spite of the fact that for the Armenians these were years of transition from their established status as a favoured Christian millet to the tragic insecurity of a hunted people.

Download or read book In Search of Purity written by Jennifer Shay Manoukian and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study explores the emergence of the standard language known today as Western Armenian. In particular, it examines the intellectual labor that led to the acceptance of this language as the dominant written medium among Ottoman Armenians by 1915. Drawing on insights from the fields of historical sociolinguistics, global intellectual history and nationalism studies as well as untapped Armenian-language primary sources, I uncover the fundamental role that beliefs about purity played in the formation of the standard language. While this focus on purity remained a constant among the intelligentsia throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, I show how ideas about what was considered "pure" were shaped and reshaped by various actors and interactions with ideas that originated far beyond the Ottoman Empire. This interaction came in the form of four global intellectual movements-humanism, cultural nationalism, comparative philology and folkloristics-which created new and conflicting attitudes about how Armenian ought to be used. I argue that the impact of these global movements on the language was all the more enduring, because they coincided with a decades-long process of vernacularization and standardization. In this way, my project firmly situates Ottoman Armenians within the global circulation of ideas and shows how these movements each left a distinct imprint on the standard language. I also highlight how these movements fundamentally shaped norms about "proper" Western Armenian usage that continue to predominate in post-Ottoman Armenian diaspora communities around the world today. This study turns away from conventional philological treatments of Armenian language history and focuses instead on the social aspects of language use. In this way, it takes a socio-historical approach to the study of language, examines the people and ideologies that shaped its use and advocates for the broader application of historical sociolinguistic methods to the study of Armenian and other languages in the Ottoman Empire. Written for four distinct readerships, this study addresses topics of relevance to (1) historical sociolinguists interested in macro-sociolinguistic processes, such as purism and vernacularization; (2) social and intellectual historians of the Ottoman Empire, particularly those interested in the reception of global movements within the Empire; (3) researchers in Armenian studies; and (4) speakers and learners of Western Armenian outside academia who seek to better understand the history of the language.

Download or read book The Order and Disorder of Communication written by Nir Shafir and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2024-10-08 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The seventeenth-century Ottoman Empire was rife with polemical debate, around worshipping at saints' graves, medical procedures, smoking tobacco, and other everyday practices. Fueling these debates was a new form of writing—the pamphlet, a cheap, short, and mobile text that provided readers with simplified legal arguments. These pamphlets were more than simply a novel way to disseminate texts, they made a consequential shift in the way Ottoman subjects communicated. This book offers the first comprehensive look at a new communication order that flourished in seventeenth-century manuscript culture. Through the example of the pamphlet, Nir Shafir investigates the political and cultural institutions used to navigate, regulate, and encourage the circulation of information in a society in which all books were copied by hand. He sketches an ecology of books, examining how books were produced, the movement of texts regulated, education administered, reading conducted, and publics cultivated. Pamphlets invited both the well and poorly educated to participate in public debates, thus expanding the Ottoman body politic. They also spurred an epidemic of fake authors and popular forms of reading. Thus, pamphlets became both the forum and the fuel for the polarization of Ottoman society. Based on years of research in Islamic manuscript libraries worldwide, this book illuminates a vibrant and evolving premodern manuscript culture.

Download or read book Imperialism Racism and Development Theories written by Hilmar Kaiser and published by Gomidas Institute. This book was released on 1997 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A History of Armenian Women s Writing 1880 1922 written by Victoria Rowe and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Textbook of Modern Western Armenian written by Kevork B. Bardakjian and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Representation of External Threats written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-03-27 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Representation of External Threats, Eberhard Crailsheim and María Dolores Elizalde present a collection of articles that trace the phenomenon of external threats over three continents and four oceans, offering new perspectives on their development, social construction, and representation.

Download or read book Bell and Banner written by Jeffrey W. Stebbins and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study begins by addressing the political, social, and economic conditions in the Ottoman Empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in order to provide the historical context for the emergence of Armenian revolutionaries. It then details the attempts at reforming the empire by the Tanzimat and Hamidian regimes, the effect these reforms had on social and economic conditions for provincial Ottoman Armenians, and the steps those within the empire but especially among the Armenian diaspora took to adopt revolutionary tactics in attempting to alleviate conditions in the Armenian fatherland. Specific attention will be paid to the programs and activities of the major parties that have comprised the Armenian Revolutionary Movement: The Dashnaktsutiun, the Hunchaks, and the Armenakans. This study then reviews revolutionary activity amidst the rise of the Committee of Union and Progress, particularly the Dashnaktsutiun who were most active during this period, in an effort to complete a survey of Armenian revolutionary activity. Finally, it concludes with general observations regarding the process by which some Armenians, who had at one point been considered the Ottoman Empire's "loyal millet," decided to arm themselves first in self-defense in pursuit of autonomy and then to engage in terrorism as an acceptable tactic in carrying out their strategy.

Download or read book Imperialism Evangelism and the Ottoman Armenians 1878 1896 written by Jeremy Salt and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1993. This book is ‘about’ the Armenians but it is also about the diplomats, missionaries and politicians whose interests and involvement helped to create the Armenian question in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. It is also about public opinion, and particularly the religious and racial biases that were usually carried into any discussion of Ottoman affairs.

Download or read book They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else written by Ronald Grigor Suny and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-03-22 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A definitive history of the 20th century's first major genocide on its 100th anniversary Starting in early 1915, the Ottoman Turks began deporting and killing hundreds of thousands of Armenians in the first major genocide of the twentieth century. By the end of the First World War, the number of Armenians in what would become Turkey had been reduced by 90 percent—more than a million people. A century later, the Armenian Genocide remains controversial but relatively unknown, overshadowed by later slaughters and the chasm separating Turkish and Armenian interpretations of events. In this definitive narrative history, Ronald Suny cuts through nationalist myths, propaganda, and denial to provide an unmatched account of when, how, and why the atrocities of 1915–16 were committed. Drawing on archival documents and eyewitness accounts, this is an unforgettable chronicle of a cataclysm that set a tragic pattern for a century of genocide and crimes against humanity.

Download or read book From the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean written by Sebouh David Aslanian and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on a rich trove of documents, including correspondence not seen for 300 years, this study explores the emergence and growth of a remarkable global trade network operated by Armenian silk merchants from a small outpost in the Persian Empire. Based in New Julfa, Isfahan, in what is now Iran, these merchants operated a network of commercial settlements that stretched from London and Amsterdam to Manila and Acapulco. The New Julfan Armenians were the only Eurasian community that was able to operate simultaneously and successfully in all the major empires of the early modern world—both land-based Asian empires and the emerging sea-borne empires—astonishingly without the benefits of an imperial network and state that accompanied and facilitated European mercantile expansion during the same period. This book brings to light for the first time the trans-imperial cosmopolitan world of the New Julfans. Among other topics, it explores the effects of long distance trade on the organization of community life, the ethos of trust and cooperation that existed among merchants, and the importance of information networks and communication in the operation of early modern mercantile communities.

Download or read book The Ottoman Press 1908 1923 written by Erol A.F. Baykal and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-06-17 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ottoman Press (1908-1923) looks at Ottoman periodicals in the period after the Second Constitutional Revolution (1908) and the formation of the Turkish Republic (1923).