Download or read book The Relevance of Discounted Cash Flow DCF and Economic Value Added EVA for the Valuation of Banks written by Dennis Schön and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2007-08 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2003 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,3 (A), Northumbria University (Newcastle Business School), language: English, abstract: This study investigates the underlying theories and assumptions of two modern capital market-based valuation approaches, the Discounted-Cash-Flow (DCF) and the Economic-Value-Added (EVA) approach, which are nowadays applied principally for industrial and manufacturing firms. This general examination is then transferred into a more specific investigation exploring whether these valuation concepts can be applied to the strongly regulated and more specific field of bank valuation. A questionnaire addressing bank analysts was created to analyse this question. The project indicates that the ideas of shareholder value which have been enforced over the last decade have implemented the need for a more shareholder-focused valuation. The application of DCF is basically attributed to this movement. It is revealed that this concept uses cash flow streams which depict a more realistic picture of an organization's true earning power. Moreover, it employs a discount rate based on the capital market and thus reflecting the yield expectations of the investors. EVA, on the other hand is a relatively new concept, copyrighted in 1994 by Stern Stewart. It highlights an organization's true economic profits. The study examines its components NOPAT, Capital and Cost of Capital, establishes a relation to DCF, points out some general limitations due to the fact that it falls back on accounting figures and critically assesses its dependence on the CAPM whose inherent assumptions of efficient markets that are not transferable into reality, might affect the valuation. The primary research undertaken finally reveals that the concepts of DCF and EVA are basically suitable to be applied to the valuation of banks. However, there are some peculiarities, primarily due to difficulties associated with the defin

Download or read book Principles of Cash Flow Valuation written by Joseph Tham and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2004-02-02 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors strive to 'close the gap' between the two main approaches to cash flow valuation - from financial statements to cash flows, and from cash flows to financial statements - by presenting the principles in a clear and systematic fashion.

Download or read book Free Cash Flow FCF Economic Value Added EVA and Net Present Value NPV written by Ronald E. Shrieves and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper assists the user of DCF methods by clearly setting forth the relationship of free-cash-flow (FCF) and economic value added (EVATM) concepts to each other and to the more traditional applications of DCF thinking. We follow others in demonstrating the equivalence between EVA and NPV, but our approach is more general in that it links the problems of security valuation, enterprise valuation, and investment project selection. Additionally, our approach relates more directly to use of standard financial accounting information. Beginning with cash budget identity, we show that the discounting of appropriately defined cash flows under the free-cash-flow valuation approach (FCF) is mathematically equivalent to the discounting of appropriately defined economic profits under the EVATM approach. The concept of net operating profit after-tax (NOPAT), found by adding after-tax interest payments to net profit after taxes, is central to both approaches, but there the computational similarities end. The FCF approach focuses on the periodic total cash flows obtained by deducting total net investment and adding net debt issuance to net operating cash flow, whereas the EVATM approach requires defining the periodic total investment in the firm. In a project valuation context, both FCF and EVATM are conceptually equivalent to NPV. Each approach necessitates a myriad of adjustments to the accounting information available for most corporations.

Download or read book Stochastic Discounted Cash Flow written by Lutz Kruschwitz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-28 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book discusses firm valuation, which is of interest to economists, particularly those working in finance. Firm valuation comes down to the calculation of the discounted cash flow, often only referred to by its abbreviation, DCF. There are, however, different coexistent versions, which seem to compete against each other, such as entity approaches and equity approaches. Acronyms are often used, such as APV (adjusted present value) or WACC (weighted average cost of capital), two concepts classified as entity approaches. This book explains why there are several procedures and whether they lead to the same result. It also examines the economic differences between the methods and indicates the various purposes they serve. Further it describes the limits of the procedures and the situations they are best applied to. The problems this book addresses are relevant to theoreticians and practitioners alike.

Download or read book Free Cash Flow FCF Economic Value Added EVATM and Net Present Value NPV written by Ronald E. Shrieves and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper assists the user of DCF methods by clearly setting forth the relationship of free-cash-flow (FCF) and economic value added (EVATM) concepts to each other and to the more traditional applications of DCF thinking. We follow others in demonstrating the equivalence between EVA and NPV, but our approach is more general in that it links the problems of security valuation, enterprise valuation, and investment project selection. Additionally, our approach relates more directly to use of standard financial accounting information. Beginning with cash budget identity, we show that the discounting of appropriately defined cash flows under the free-cash-flow valuation approach (FCF) is mathematically equivalent to the discounting of appropriately defined economic profits under the EVATM approach. The concept of net operating profit after-tax (NOPAT), found by adding after-tax interest payments to net profit after taxes, is central to both approaches, but there the computational similarities end. The FCF approach focuses on the periodic total cash flows obtained by deducting total net investment and adding net debt issuance to net operating cash flow, whereas the EVATM approach requires defining the periodic total investment in the firm. In a project valuation context, both FCF and EVATM are conceptually equivalent to NPV. Each approach necessitates a myriad of adjustments to the accounting information available for most corporations.

Download or read book Discounted Cash Flow written by Lutz Kruschwitz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-02-03 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Firm valuation is currently a very exciting topic. It is interesting for those economists engaged in either practice or theory, particularly for those in finance. The literature on firm valuation recommends logical, quantitative methods, which deal with establishing today's value of future free cash flows. In this respect firm valuation is identical with the calculation of the discounted cash flow, DCF. There are, however, different coexistent versions, which seem to compete against each other. Entity approach and equity approach are thus differentiated. Acronyms are often used, such as APV (adjusted present value) or WACC (weighted average cost of capital), whereby these two concepts are classified under entity approach. Why are there several procedures and not just one? Do they all lead to the same result? If not, where do the economic differences lie? If so, for what purpose are different methods needed? And further: do the known procedures suffice? Or are there situations where none of the concepts developed up to now delivers the correct value of the firm? If so, how is the appropriate valuation formula to be found? These questions are not just interesting for theoreticians; even the practitioner who is confronted with the task of marketing his or her results has to deal with it. The authors systematically clarify the way in which these different variations of the DCF concept are related throughout the book ENDORSEMENTS FOR LÖFFLER: DISCOUNTED 0-470-87044-3 "Compared with the huge number of books on pragmatic approaches to discounted cash flow valuation, there are remarkably few that lay out the theoretical underpinnings of this technique. Kruschwitz and Löffler bring together the theory in this area in a consistent and rigorous way that should be useful for all serious students of the topic." --Ian Cooper, London Business School "This treatise on the market valuation of corporate cash flows offers the first reconciliation of conventional cost-of-capital valuation models from the corporate finance literature with state-pricing (or 'risk-neutral' pricing) models subsequently developed on the basis of multi-period no-arbitrage theories. Using an entertaining style, Kruschwitz and Löffler develop a precise and theoretically consistent definition of 'cost of capital', and provoke readers to drop vague or contradictory alternatives." --Darrell Duffie, Stanford University "Handling firm and personal income taxes properly in valuation involves complex considerations. This book offers a new, precise, clear and concise theoretical path that is pleasant to read. Now it is the practitioners task to translate this approach into real-world applications!" --Wolfgang Wagner, PricewaterhouseCoopers "It is an interesting book, which has some new results and it fills a gap in the literature between the usual undergraduate material and the very abstract PhD material in such books as that of Duffie (Dynamic Asset Pricing Theory). The style is very engaging, which is rare in books pitched at this level." --Martin Lally, University of Wellington

Download or read book Valuation methods of Internet stocks written by Gunnar Anger and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2000-08-24 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to discuss some important reasons for the recent boom of Internet stocks, and to show and assess different methods to evaluate them. The Internet is a medium which is yet in the early days of its development and which will revolutionize communication habits, trade and leisure time behavior in an unseen manner. I will show this in the chapters 2 and 3 with psychological reasons for the recent boom. After that I present 3 typical Internet companies (Yahoo!, eBay, and Amazon.com) with their business content, financial data, and future outlook. Afterwards, the analyzing part of this thesis starts, and I demonstrate which figures an investor should look at in order to have a broad overview about the investment. In chapter 5 I present some financial figures from both the income statement as well as the balance sheet, in chapter 6 I give a survey of ratios which are used from analysts and make some comments about how practical they are. Subsequently, chapter 7 deals with more traditional valuation methods, used by institutions like the Federal Bank of America. These are general methods in order to show whether markets are over-/ undervalued or not. After that, I present the valuation models used by investment banks: Economic Value Added (EVA, chapter 9), Discounted Cash Flow (DCF, chapter 10), Real options theory (chapter 11), and multiples (chapter 12). In the last part I summarize the outcome and give an outlook how Stock orders are based on expectations only. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of contents: 1.Introduction1 2.Day traders6 3.Principle of floating12 4.Presentation of 3 typical Internet companies: Yahoo!, eBay, and Amazon.com15 4.1Yahoo!16 4.1.1Business description16 4.1.2Financial data20 4.1.3The outlook24 4.2eBay26 4.2.1Business description26 4.2.2Financial data27 4.2.3The outlook29 4.3Amazon.com31 4.3.1Business description31 4.3.2Financial data34 4.3.3The outlook36 4.4Comparison eBay versus Amazon.com41 5.Financial figures to look at 5.1Income statement analysis45 5.1.1Sales45 5.1.2Gross margin46 5.1.3Operating expenses46 5.2Balance sheet analysis47 5.2.1Inventories47 5.2.2Cash position47 5.2.3Quality of the management48 5.2.4The competitive landscape50 5.2.5Market position50 6.Ratios51 6.1Return an marketing52 6.2Price earnings to growth52 6.3Price/earnings (P/E) ratios as a traditional method56 6.4Price/sales ratio57 6.5Debt/capital [...]

Download or read book Investment Banking written by Joshua Rosenbaum and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-20 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely update to the global best-selling book on investment banking and valuation In the constantly evolving world of finance, a solid technical foundation is an essential tool for success. Due to the fast-paced nature of this world, however, no one was able to take the time to properly codify its lifeblood—namely, valuation and dealmaking. Rosenbaum and Pearl originally responded to this need in 2009 by writing the first edition of the book that they wish had existed when they were trying to break into Wall Street. Investment Banking: Valuation, LBOs, M&A, and IPOs, Third Edition is a highly accessible and authoritative book written by investment bankers that explains how to perform the valuation work and financial analysis at the core of Wall Street—comparable companies, precedent transactions, DCF, LBO, M&A analysis . . . and now IPO analytics and valuation. Using a step-by-step, how-to approach for each methodology, the authors build a chronological knowledge base and define key terms, financial concepts, and processes throughout the book. The genesis for the original book stemmed from the authors' personal experiences as students interviewing for investment banking positions. As they both independently went through the rigorous process, they realized that their classroom experiences were a step removed from how valuation and financial analysis were performed in real-world situations. Consequently, they created this book to provide a leg up to those individuals seeking or beginning careers on Wall Street—from students at undergraduate universities and graduate schools to "career changers" looking to break into finance. Now, over 10 years after the release of the first edition, the book is more relevant and topical than ever. It is used in over 200 universities globally and has become a go-to resource for investment banks, private equity, investment firms, and corporations undertaking M&A transactions, LBOs, IPOs, restructurings, and investment decisions. As the world of finance adjusts to the new normal of the post-Great Recession era, it merits revisiting the pillars of the second edition for today's environment. While the fundamentals haven't changed, the environment must adapt to changing market developments and conditions. As a result, Rosenbaum and Pearl have updated their widely adopted book accordingly, while adding two new chapters on IPOs.

Download or read book Valuation Techniques written by David T. Larrabee and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-10-09 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis and insights from top thought leaders on a pivotal topic in investing and asset management Valuation is the cornerstone for investment analysis, and a thorough understanding and correct application of valuation methodologies are critical for long-term investing success. Edited by two leading valuation experts from CFA Institute, this book brings together the insights and expertise of some of the most astute and successful investment minds of the past 50 years. From Benjamin Graham, the “father of value investing,” to Aswath Damodaran, you’ll learn what these investment luminaries have to say about investment valuation techniques, including earnings and cash flow analysis. Features the best thinking on valuation from the industry’s masters on the topic, supplemented with dozens of fascinating and instructive real-world examples Comprehensively discusses special valuation situations, such as real options, employee stock options, highly leveraged firms, corporate takeovers, and more Supplies you with the tools you need to successfully navigate and thrive in the ever-changing financial markets Is being produced with the full support and input of CFA Institute, the world’s leading association of investment professionals

Download or read book The Financial Times Guide to Corporate Valuation written by David Frykman and published by Pearson UK. This book was released on 2011-01-24 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Economic Value Added A Detailed Walkthrough written by Cornelius Kirsche and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2013-02-20 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2013 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 2,0, International University of Applied Sciences, course: Current Issues in Accounting & Finance, language: English, abstract: In the past, key financial instruments were focusing on concepts like the return on investment, return on equity and return on capital employed. However, within recent years, the flaws of the named ratios made it difficult to thoroughly rely on such figures any longer. As one key drawback connected to those solely finance-related ratios was that all non-financial aspects are missed out on. Further, the economic value creation was not respected in past models. EVA®, economic value added, is a concept on the rise that counteracts the flaws of recent financial ratios. By accounting for both the capital charges for investors and creditors, it allows a more sophisticated look into the value creation of a company. However Stern Steward & Co, who founded EVA®, give recommendations, so called adjustments, in order to make EVA® even more effective as it is without. As economic decision are not only covered by introducing a new ratio, it is important to contrast and to integrated EVA® to other frequently used financial models. Here, the net present value calculation is used most when evaluating on whether or not to take on a project. Now, the author shows that EVA® even can be used for net present value calculations, which is usually done by taking into consideration future cash flows. Further, economic profit is not all a modern business has to care about. In this respect, cash management has evolved in becoming a crucial cornerstone in financial management. Hence, the author has compared the cash conversion cycle to the EVA®. The questions is, does liquidity also affect the EVA® result? Finally, the author concludes on whether or not EVA® can be regarded as ‘the one financial ratio’ an how it interplays with other important models used in modern companies.

Download or read book Foundations of Economic Value Added written by James L. Grant and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-05-05 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An updated look at the role of economic profit analysis in the process of wealth creation Grant explains the pivotal role of economic value added (EVA) in the theory of finance, how to measure EVA with standard accounting adjustments, how to use EVA to value companies and their stock, and how to use economic profit principles to identify wealth-creating firms, industries, and even market economies.

Download or read book A Study on the Integrated Approach of Shareholder Value Analysis written by Tony Müller and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theory of shareholder value is an issue that has to comprise a dichotomy in terms of the standpoint from which it is looked at. Shareholders and the management of a company in many cases still represent counterparts whereas interests do not continuously align. In this study shareholder value theory is approached by investigating the shareholder perspective in correspondence to shareholder wealth gains in the UK market environment through the implementation of six major financial performance measurement methods including: the Price/Earnings ratio, the Discounted Cash Flow Model, the Dividend Valuation Model, the Economic Value Added, the Market Capitalization, the Capital asset Pricing Model and the shareholder value approach as suggest by Alfred Rappaport. Having applied them to six selected stock listed companies enabled the author to develop a shareholder value ranking according to their financial performance and the deriving shareholder value dedication.

Download or read book Creation of shareholder value by application of EVA written by Anne-Kristin Rademacher and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2012 in the subject Business economics - Controlling, grade: 1,7, University of Applied Sciences Essen, language: English, abstract: Creation of shareholder value; this simple idea has become a principle of corporate governance over the past fifty years (Lazonick et al, 2000). Managers shall maximize the value of their business by efficiently allocating resources and hence increase the wealth of shareholders (Worthington et al, 2001). The operationalization of this objective is done by various indicators. Shareholders, managers and other interested parties strongly follow these in order to assess business and predict future performance. EVA is one of these indicators. The following paper presents the concept and measurement behind the trademark EVA. It is practically applied for the company Fresenius in a simplified way. Theoretical and practical analyses reveal strengths and weaknesses of measurement and concept. In general it can be said that EVA is one approach to identify value creation and degrading. The concept can be used for investment decisions as well as performance appraisal. Main disadvantage has been identified to be a high degree of complexity in order to derive the true EVA. If adjustments are not made the measurement appears to be similar to other residual income indicators.

Download or read book Decoding DCF written by Penelope B. Wellington and published by Xspurts.com. This book was released on 2023 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The beauty of DCF analysis is that it allows you to see the future potential of a company, not just its current state." Decoding DCF is the ultimate beginner's guide to Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis. This comprehensive book covers everything you need to know about DCF, from the basics to advanced applications in a variety of industries. The book begins with an overview of the essential concepts behind DCF, including the time value of money, risk and return, and the mathematics of DCF. It then walks readers through the components of a DCF budget, including cash inflows, cash outflows, and net present value. Readers will also learn how to build their own DCF budget, including estimating future cash flows, determining the discount rate, and calculating net present value. The book includes detailed guidance on how to conduct sensitivity analysis, which can help users identify variations in cash flow estimates and changes in the discount rate. The book also covers advanced topics in DCF budgeting, such as the adjusted present value method, real option valuation, and DCF for startup businesses. Readers will also learn how to apply DCF analysis to other areas, such as debt management, personal financial planning, non-profit organizations, government budgeting, and corporate social responsibility. In addition to practical guidance, the book includes case studies that illustrate successful and failed attempts at DCF budgeting. Readers will also find information on the future of DCF budgeting, including trends and innovations in the field, cultural and ethical considerations, and resources for further learning. Decoding DCF is the perfect resource for anyone looking to master DCF analysis. Whether you are a finance student, a professional analyst, or simply someone interested in improving your financial skills, this book has everything you need to get started. With clear explanations, real-world examples, and practical tools and techniques, Decoding DCF will help you unlock the power of DCF and take your budgeting to the next level. And with resources for further learning, you can continue to improve your skills and stay up-to-date with the latest trends and innovations in DCF budgeting. If you're ready to take your financial skills to the next level, Decoding DCF is the perfect guide to get you started.Table of Contents Understanding the Basics of Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) What is Discounted Cash Flow? Importance of Discounted Cash Flow in Budgeting The Theory Behind Discounted Cash Flow Time Value of Money Risk and Return The Mathematics of DCF Present Value and Future Value Discount Rate Components of a DCF Budget Cash Inflows Cash Outflows Net Present Value Building Your DCF Budget Estimating Future Cash Flows Determining the Discount Rate Calculating Net Present Value Sensitivity Analysis in DCF Budgeting Variations in Cash Flow Estimates Changes in Discount Rate DCF in Capital Budgeting Evaluating Investment Projects Comparing Different Financing Options DCF for Business Valuation Free Cash Flow Forecasting Terminal Value Calculation DCF in Real Estate Investment Estimating Rental Cash Flows Determining Property Value DCF for Stock Valuation Dividend Discount Model Earnings Discount Model Limitations of DCF Budgeting Uncertainty and Risk Dependence on Assumptions Overcoming DCF Limitations Conservative Estimations Regular Review and Adjustment DCF Budgeting Software and Tools Excel for DCF Budgeting Professional Financial Software Case Studies in DCF Budgeting Successful DCF Budgeting Examples Lessons from Failed DCF Budgeting Attempts The Future of DCF Budgeting Impact of Technology on DCF Budgeting Trends and Innovations in DCF Budgeting Advanced Techniques in DCF Budgeting Adjusted Present Value Method Real Option Valuation DCF for Startup Businesses Projecting Cash Flows for Startups Valuing a Startup Using DCF DCF in Mergers and Acquisitions Valuing a Target Company Assessing the Financial Feasibility of a Merger DCF in Debt Management Evaluating Loan Options Assessing the Cost of Debt DCF for Personal Financial Planning Planning for Retirement Estimating the Value of Investments DCF in Non-Profit Organizations Project Evaluation Fund Allocation DCF in Government Budgeting Public Project Evaluation Debt Management DCF and Corporate Social Responsibility Valuing Social and Environmental Impacts Sustainable Investment Analysis DCF in Uncertain Economic Times Role of DCF during Economic Crisis DCF in Post-Covid World Cultural Considerations in DCF Budgeting Differences in DCF Approaches Across the Globe Adapting DCF to Local Contexts Ethical Considerations in DCF Budgeting Manipulation and Misrepresentation Risks Ensuring Ethical Conduct in DCF Budgeting Teaching DCF Budgeting DCF for Finance Students Professional Development in DCF Budgeting A Career in DCF Budgeting Roles and Responsibilities of a DCF Analyst Skills and Qualifications for DCF Professionals Resources for Further Learning Books and Journals on DCF Budgeting Online Resources for DCF Budgeting. Have Questions / Comments? Get Another Book Free ISBN: 9781991093110

Download or read book Valuation Approaches and Metrics written by Aswath Damodaran and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2005 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Valuation lies at the heart of much of what we do in finance, whether it is the study of market efficiency and questions about corporate governance or the comparison of different investment decision rules in capital budgeting. In this paper, we consider the theory and evidence on valuation approaches. We begin by surveying the literature on discounted cash flow valuation models, ranging from the first mentions of the dividend discount model to value stocks to the use of excess return models in more recent years. In the second part of the paper, we examine relative valuation models and, in particular, the use of multiples and comparables in valuation and evaluate whether relative valuation models yield more or less precise estimates of value than discounted cash flow models. In the final part of the paper, we set the stage for further research in valuation by noting the estimation challenges we face as companies globalize and become exposed to risk in multiple countries.

Download or read book Equity Valuation written by Jan Viebig and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Equity Valuation: Models from the Leading Investment Banks is a clear and reader-friendly guide to how today’s leading investment banks analyze firms. Editors Jan Viebig and Thorsten Poddig bring together expertise from UBS, Morgan Stanley, DWS Investment GmbH and Credit Suisse, providing a unique analysis of leading equity valuation models, from the very individuals who use them. Filled with real world insights, practical examples and theoretical approaches, the book will examine the strengths and weaknesses of some of the leading valuation approaches, helping readers understand how analysts: · estimate cash flows · calculate discount rates · adjust for accounting distortions · take uncertainty into consideration Written for investment professionals, corporate managers and anyone interested in developing their understanding of this key area, Equity Valuation: Models from the Leading Investment Banks will arm readers with the latest thinking and depth of knowledge necessary to make the right decisions in their valuation methodologies.