Download or read book Rationality and Irrationality in Economics written by Maurice Godelier and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2014-08-26 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the result of a research project begun by the author in 1958 with the aim of answering two questions: First, what is the rationality of the economic systems that appear and disappear throughout history—in other words, what is their hidden logic and the underlying necessity for them to exist, or to have existed? Second, what are the conditions for a rational understanding of these systems—in other words, for a fully developed comparative economic science? The field of investigation opened up by these two questions is vast, touching on the foundations of social reality and on how to understand them. The author, being a Marxist, sought the answers, as he writes, ‘not in philosophy or by philosophical means, but in and through examining the knowledge accumulated by the sciences.’ The stages of his journey from philosophy to economics and then to anthropology are indicated by the divisions of his book. Godelier rejects, at the outset, any attempt to tackle the question of rationality or irrationality of economic science and of economic realities from the angle of an a priori idea, a speculative definition of what is rational. Such an approach can yield only, he feels, an ideological result. Rather, he treats the appearance and disappearance of social and economic systems in history as being governed by a necessity ‘wholly internal to the concrete structures of social life.
Download or read book Irrationality written by Justin E. H. Smith and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-08 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What every leader needs to know about dignity and how to create a culture in which everyone thrives. This landmark book from an expert in dignity studies explores the essential but under-recognized role of dignity as part of good leadership. Extending the reach of her award-winning book Dignity: Its Essential Role in Resolving Conflict, Donna Hicks now contributes a specific, practical guide to achieving a culture of dignity. Most people know very little about dignity, the author has found, and when leaders fail to respect the dignity of others, conflict and distrust ensue. She highlights three components of leading with dignity: what one must know in order to honor dignity and avoid violating it; what one must do to lead with dignity; and how one can create a culture of dignity in any organization, whether corporate, religious, governmental, healthcare, or beyond. Brimming with key research findings, real-life case studies, and workable recommendations, this book fills an important gap in our understanding of how best to be together in a conflict-ridden world."--
Download or read book Rationality Of Irrationality The Schizophrenia Criminal Insanity And Neurosis written by Yacov Rofe and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book challenges the validity of all traditional theories of psychopathology, particularly with regard to schizophrenia. It demonstrates that the accepted belief that schizophrenia is a brain disease is wrong, a result of the inability of traditional theories to provide an alternative explanation for the correlation between schizophrenia and genetic/neurological impairments.Psych-Bizarreness Theory (PBT), presented in this book, demonstrates that bizarre/mad behaviors, schizophrenia, criminal insanity and neuroses are rational coping mechanisms to extreme levels of emotional distress, usually depression, which are chosen by the individual to improve his quality of life. PBT integrates the scientific contributions of all traditional theories into one theoretical framework. It also integrates all therapeutic interventions of mad behaviors into one theoretical umbrella and suggests a new, humanistic therapeutic approach.
Download or read book Rationality written by Steven Pinker and published by Penguin UK. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A TIMES BOOK OF THE YEAR 2021 'Punchy, funny and invigorating ... Pinker is the high priest of rationalism' Sunday Times 'If you've ever considered taking drugs to make yourself smarter, read Rationality instead. It's cheaper, more entertaining, and more effective' Jonathan Haidt, author of The Righteous Mind In the twenty-first century, humanity is reaching new heights of scientific understanding - and at the same time appears to be losing its mind. How can a species that discovered vaccines for Covid-19 in less than a year produce so much fake news, quack cures and conspiracy theorizing? In Rationality, Pinker rejects the cynical cliché that humans are simply an irrational species - cavemen out of time fatally cursed with biases, fallacies and illusions. After all, we discovered the laws of nature, lengthened and enriched our lives and set the benchmarks for rationality itself. Instead, he explains, we think in ways that suit the low-tech contexts in which we spend most of our lives, but fail to take advantage of the powerful tools of reasoning we have built up over millennia: logic, critical thinking, probability, causal inference, and decision-making under uncertainty. These tools are not a standard part of our educational curricula, and have never been presented clearly and entertainingly in a single book - until now. Rationality matters. It leads to better choices in our lives and in the public sphere, and is the ultimate driver of social justice and moral progress. Brimming with insight and humour, Rationality will enlighten, inspire and empower. 'A terrific book, much-needed for our time' Peter Singer
Download or read book Predictably Irrational written by Dan Ariely and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2008-02 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intelligent, lively, humorous, and thoroughly engaging, "The Predictably Irrational" explains why people often make bad decisions and what can be done about it.
Download or read book The Rationality of Perception written by Susanna Siegel and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most important divisions in the human mind is between perception and reasoning. We reason from information that we take ourselves to have already, but perception is a means of taking in new information. Reasoning can be better or worse, but perception is considered beyond reproach. The Rationality of Perception argues that these two aspects of the mind become deeply intertwined when beliefs, fears, desires, or prejudice influence what weperceive. When the influences reach all the way to perceptual appearances, we face a philosophical problem: is it reasonable to strengthen what one believes or fears or suspects on the basis of an experience that wasgenerated by those very same beliefs, fears, or suspicions? Drawing on examples involving racism, emotion, and scientific theories, Siegel argues that perception itself can be rational or irrational, and makes vivid the relationship between perception and culture.
Download or read book Everyday Irrationality written by Robyn Dawes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-02-19 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robyn Dawes defines irrationality as adhering to beliefs that are inherently self-contradictory, not just incorrect, self-defeating, or the basis of poor decisions. Such beliefs are unfortunately common. This book demonstrates how such irrationality results from ignoring obvious comparisons, while instead falling into associational and story-based thinking. Strong emotion—or even insanity—is one reason for making automatic associations without comparison, but as the author demonstrates, a lot of everyday judgment, unsupported professional claims, and even social policy is based on the same kind of "everyday" irrationality.
Download or read book Why Think written by Ronald de Sousa and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-06-25 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this short and accessible book, Ronald de Sousa shows us that in order to understand what is truly important about our reasoning capacity, we need to change our thinking about what rationality actually is.
Download or read book The Normativity of Rationality written by Benjamin Kiesewetter and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Benjamin Kiesewetter defends the normativity of rationality by presenting a new solution to the problems that arise from the common assumption that we ought to be rational. Drawing on an extensive and careful assessment of the problems discussed in the literature, Kiesewetter provides a detailed defence of a reason-response conception of rationality, a novel, evidence-relative account of reasons, and an explanation of structural irrationality in terms of theseaccounts.
Download or read book The Logic of Life written by Tim Harford and published by Random House Trade Paperbacks. This book was released on 2009-02-10 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life sometimes seems illogical. Individuals do strange things: take drugs, have unprotected sex, mug each other. Love seems irrational, and so does divorce. On a larger scale, life seems no fairer or easier to fathom: Why do some neighborhoods thrive and others become ghettos? Why is racism so persistent? Why is your idiot boss paid a fortune for sitting behind a mahogany altar? Thorny questions–and you might be surprised to hear the answers coming from an economist. But award-winning journalist Tim Harford likes to spring surprises. In this deftly reasoned book, he argues that life is logical after all. Under the surface of everyday insanity, hidden incentives are at work, and Harford shows these incentives emerging in the most unlikely places.
Download or read book The Law and Economics of Irrational Behavior written by Francesco Parisi and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays explores the most relevant developments at the interface of economics and psychology, giving special attention to models of irrational behavior, and draws the relevant implications of such models for the design of legal rules and institutions. The application of economic models of irrational behavior to law is especially challenging because specific departures from rational behavior differ markedly from one another. Furthermore, the analytical and deductive instruments of economic theory have to be reshaped to deal with the fragmented and heterogeneous findings of psychological research, turning towards a more experimental and inductive methodology. This volume brings together pioneering scholars in this area, along with some of the most exciting developments in the field of legal and economic theory. Areas of application include criminal law and sentencing, tort law, contract law, corporate law, and financial markets.
Download or read book The McDonaldization of Society written by George Ritzer and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2018-01-12 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author is a proud sponsor of the 2020 SAGE Keith Roberts Teaching Innovations Award—enabling graduate students and early career faculty to attend the annual ASA pre-conference teaching and learning workshop. The book that made "McDonaldization" part of the lexicon of contemporary sociological theory, read by hundreds of thousands of students, is now in its Ninth Edition! George Ritzer′s seminal work of critical sociology, The McDonaldization of Society, continues to stand as one of the pillars of modern day sociological thought. Building on the argument that the fast food restaurant has become the model for the rationalization process today, this book links theory to contemporary life in a globalized world and resonates with students in a way that few other books do. Ritzer opens students’ eyes to many current issues and shows how McDonaldization’s principles apply to other settings, especially in the areas of consumption and globalization. This new edition has been significantly reoriented to reflect our experience of McDonaldization in the world of online consumption. New to this Edition Examines how retailers like Amazon represent a new era of "datafication," the transformation of vast amounts of information into quantifiable data. Discusses how the digital world has almost unlimited potential to turn consumers into "prosumers" doing volunteer work formerly done by paid employees. This edition is more streamlined than previous editions to sharpen its argument and message, and make it more useable as a secondary reading in a wide range of courses
Download or read book The Irrational Economist written by Erwann Michel-Kerjan and published by Public Affairs. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors explore how discoveries in decision sciences will enhance traditional ideas about economics and challenges the conventional wisdom about how to make the right decisions in an emerging new era, in a book that includes informative charts.
Download or read book Thinking Rationally in an Irrational World written by Alex Burdeshaw and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2017-02-28 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Have you ever been involved in a contentious, fruitless discussion about politics, science, or current events with a coworker, friend, or family member? Thinking Rationally in an Irrational World, by author Alex Burdeshaw, explores why those conversations get so contentious, and he offers easily applicable ways to make such talks less tense and more fruitful for everyone involved. Burdeshaw discusses the major factors that exacerbate a person's lack of rational, critical thinking skills. He offers a variety of culprits, including the flawed education system, poor dietary and exercise habits, the hyperpolarization and groupthink mentalities of the media, and the collective lack of well-trained interpersonal skills. In Thinking Rationally in an Irrational World, Burdeshaw proposes possible solutions to combat each of these identified areas.
Download or read book Problems of Rationality written by Donald Davidson and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2004-03-25 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Problems of Rationality is the eagerly awaited fourth volume of Donald Davidson's philosophical writings. From the 1960s until his death in August 2003 Davidson was perhaps the most influential figure in English-language philosophy, and his work has had a profound effect upon the discipline. His unified theory of the interpretation of thought, meaning, and action holds that rationality is a necessary condition for both mind and interpretation. Davidson here develops this theory to illuminate value judgements and how we understand them; to investigate what the conditions are for attributing mental states to an object or creature; and to grapple with the problems presented by thoughts and actions which seem to be irrational. Anyone working on knowledge, mind, and language will find these essays essential reading.
Download or read book Irrationality written by Stuart Sutherland and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New, 21st anniversary edition, with a new foreword by Ben Goldacre, author of Bad Science and Bad Pharma, and an afterword by James Ball, covering developments in our understanding of irrationality over the last two decades. Why do doctors, army generals, high-ranking government officials and other people in positions of power make bad decisions that cause harm to others? Why do prizes serve no useful function? Why are punishments so ineffective? Why is interviewing such an unsatisfactory method of selection? Irrationality is a challenging and thought-provoking book that draws on statistica.
Download or read book Rational Man and Irrational Society written by Elinor Ostrom and published by SAGE Publications, Incorporated. This book was released on 1982-04-01 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Prisoner's Dilemma and Kenneth Arrow's General Possibility Theorem, are two of the most simple, yet far-reaching concepts in social science. The first captures in an easily understood paradox how individually rational acts that benefit individual people can combine to produce a result that is of less benefit to everyone. The Arrow Theorem shows that there is no formula for ranking the preferences of many people into a rational aggregate. This book is a collection of the best work done on these two ideas. It is an ideal introduction for students or sourcebook for professionals. `...it presents the traditional works addressing the problems of rationality in social and political theory...the anthology represents a much nee
