Download or read book The Powder River Expedition of 1865 written by Charles River and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2020-11-07 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Includes pictures *Includes a bibliography for further reading The Bozeman Trail ran through the Powder River country, which included the traditional hunting grounds of Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho peoples. Attempts by the natives to prevent encroachment and armed defense of settlers along the trail led to conflicts in short order. Due to the presence of the Sioux in the region, as early as 1864, travelers were advised not to traverse the Bozeman Trail except in very large wagon trains. The U.S. Army also suffered - that year, when a party led by Captain Townshend and several soldiers set out along the Trail with a wagon train, the Sioux attacked his train, killing four soldiers in the assault. In response to Sioux raids along the Bozeman Trail, the United States Army closed the trail in 1865 to mount the Powder River Expedition against the Sioux alliance that kept ravaging settlers and the beleaguered Crows. With the Civil War nearing its end, spare men were hard to come by, but still the Powder River Expedition was prepared under the leadership of Brigadier General Patrick Connor. Charged with keeping the roads and trails of the plains open, Connor's expedition was war in all but name. Underequipped, and without enough men, the expedition turned out to be little more than a series of limited skirmishes, fortification construction, and requisitions for more men and materiel. Almost from the start, the expedition faced trouble. The various division commanders had a foggy notion of which parts of the Powder River Country they were to march through, with the varied surveys of the region not helping. The biggest problem, however, was the soldiers' refusal to march. Occurring at the climax of the Civil War, the expedition's soldiers expected to be discharged and allowed to return to their homes, not stuck in the middle of nowhere fighting another battle. Dissuaded from mutiny with the helpful aid of artillery, the various divisions finally got under way in July. The expedition faced vast open country, and that, coupled with lack of supplies, logistics, and communication beyond runners and scouts, quickly took their toll. Men succumbed to scurvy, and the east and middle divisions failed to link up on schedule, thanks largely to the lack of proper surveys of the region and general lack of knowledge of the terrain. This lack of knowledge resulted in supply failures, further exacerbating the expedition's plight. With the soldiers lacking food in a region sparse of forage for anything except oxen and birds, the natives pounced, attacking the separated divisions. The natives' attacks were a rude awakening for the soldiers, as among the three divisions only the Native American scouts had knowledge of the area or experience fighting in the West. Expecting nearly nude savages flinging spears and arrows, the natives' use of rifles and captured Army uniforms took them completely by surprise. Despite the lack of supplies and the Native American raids, the middle and east divisions managed to link up in early September, but as the united divisions marched onward to join with General Connor's division, 225 horses and mules died from heat exhaustion, starvation, or cold thanks to a recent mountain storm. Both the natives' view of the expedition and General Connor's offer an idea of the end result. "The Indians, thinking that the commander had voluntarily retired from their front, again hastened to the road, passing General Connor's retiring column to the east of his line of march, and again commenced their devilish work of pillage, plunder and massacre." General Connor himself is reported to have stated in regard to the expedition, "You have doubtless noticed the singular termination of the late campaign against the Indians. The truth is, rather harm than good was done, and our troops were, in one sense, driven out of their country by the Indians..."
Download or read book Patrick Connor s War written by David E. Wagner and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The summer of 1865 marked the transition from the Civil War to Indian war on the western plains. With the rest of the country's attention still focused on the East, the U.S. Army began an often forgotten campaign against the Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho. Led by Gen. Patrick Connor, the Powder River Indian Expedition into Wyoming sought to punish tribes for raids earlier that year. Patrick Connor's War describes the troops' movement into hostile territory while struggling with bad weather, supply shortages, and communication problems. David E. Wagner's carefully assembled account carries readers along the trail of Connor's men and allows soldiers to give firsthand impressions of the land and campaign. The author draws on journals, letters, and reports--especially the James H. Kidd Papers, a copy of Connor's expedition report previously believed burned, and the newly discovered C. M. Lee diary--to reconstruct a day-by-day chronology that finds the men trudging, sometimes barefoot and half starved, over unforgiving terrain. The thrill and danger of buffalo hunts and skirmishes with Indians punctuated an arduous trek across the northern plains. Copious maps tie narrative to topography by plotting Connor's route and the paths of the units under him. Also included is a detailed account of the civilian road-building expedition of James Sawyers, whose fate became intertwined with the Powder River expedition. Two dozen illustrations and biographical sketches of main players round out the work. This first major campaign of the post-Civil War Indian wars has been largely overlooked by historians--but should be no longer. Patrick Connor's War breaks new ground by bringing the expedition to life in fascinating detail that will satisfy scholars and engage general readers.
Download or read book Powder River Odyssey written by David E. Wagner and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The entry for September 8, 1865, is terse: “We marched and fought over 15 miles today.” With these few words civilian military engineer Lyman G. Bennett characterized the experience of the 1,400 men of the Powder River Expedition’s Eastern Division as they trudged through largely unexplored territory and faced off with American Indians determined to keep their hunting grounds. David E. Wagner’s Powder River Odyssey: Nelson Cole’s Western Campaign of 1865 tells the story of a largely forgotten campaign at the pivotal moment when the Civil War ended and the Indian wars captured national attention. The expedition’s mission seemed simple: punish the bands of Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho that had attacked white emigrants and commercial traffic moving west along the Oregon Trail. But the army’s western command failed to appreciate either the resolve of their enemies or the difficulties of the terrain. Cole’s men, ill-provisioned from the outset, began to die of scurvy two months into the campaign and contemplated mutiny. Bennett’s previously unpublished journal and other primary sources clarify and correct previous accounts of the expedition. Fifteen detailed maps reflect the author’s intimate knowledge of the topography along the expedition’s route. Wagner’s documentary account reveals in stark detail the difficulties inherent in the army’s attempt to pacify the American West.
Download or read book The Powder River Expedition of 1865 written by Henry Emerson Palmer and published by . This book was released on 1931* with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book History of the Powder River Indian Expedition of 1865 written by Henry Emerson Palmer and published by . This book was released on 1887 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Powder River Campaigns and Sawyers Expedition of 1865 written by LeRoy Reuben Hafen and published by Glendale, Calif. : A.H. Clark Company. This book was released on 1961 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Powder River Indian Expedition 1865 written by Henry Emerson Palmer and published by . This book was released on 1887 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Powder River Indian Expedition 1865 written by LeRoy Reuben Hafen and published by . This book was released on with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Powder River Campaigns and Sawyers Expedition of 1865 a Documentary Account written by LeRoy Reuben Hafen and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Far West and the Rockies Historical Series 1820 1875 Powder River campaigns and Sawyers expeditions of 1865 L R Hafen written by LeRoy Reuben Hafen and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Military Problem on the Powder River Road 1865 1868 written by Edward Joy Hawken and published by . This book was released on 1938 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Powder River Campaigns and Sawyers Expedition of 1865 A Documentary Account Comprising Official Reports Diaries Contemporary Newspaper Accounts and Personal Narratives Edited with Introductions and Notes by LeR Hafen and A W Hafen With Plates Including Portraits and a Map written by LeRoy Reuben Hafen and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Powder River Campaigns and Sawyers Expedition of 1865 written by Ann W. Hafen and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Eyewitnesses to the Indian Wars 1865 1890 The wars for the Pacific Northwest written by Peter Cozzens and published by Stackpole Books. This book was released on 2001 with total page 950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book History of the Western Division of the Powder River Expedition and George W Fox Diary written by Fincelius G. Burnett and published by . This book was released on 1932 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Powder River Expedition Journals of Colonel Richard Irving Dodge written by Richard Irving Dodge and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2015-11-09 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lt. Col. Richard Irving Dodge’s journals, written with utter candor for his eyes only, are the fullest firsthand account we possess of Gen. George Crook’s Powder River Expedition against the Sioux and Cheyenne Indians, which culminated in Col. Ranald S. Mackenzie’s resounding destruction of Dull Knife’s forces on November 25, 1876. Editor Wayne R. Kime, with his customary flair, has transcribed the journals from Dodge’s pocket-size notebooks and has provided a pertinent introduction and well-crafted, thoroughly illuminating annotations. Dodge’s journals will clearly prove useful to specialists in U.S. -Indian relations and the Great Sioux War, but they will also appeal to a variety of readers because of Dodge’s lively style and his range of subject matter. With vigorous intelligence, he describes such topics as General Crook as a military leader and strategist, the merits of infantry versus cavalry against the Plains Indians, the effects of subzero weather in Wyoming on a large army far from its sources of supply, and of course, the elusiveness of military glory.
Download or read book Circle of Fire written by John Dishon McDermott and published by Stackpole Books. This book was released on 2003 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The year 1865 was bloody on the Plains as various Indian tribes, including the Southern Cheyenne and the Southern Sioux, joined with their northern relatives to wage war on the white man. They sought revenge for the 1864 massacre at Sand Creek, when John Chivington and his Colorado volunteers nearly wiped out a village of Southern Cheyenne and Arapaho. The violence in eastern Colorado spread westward to Fort Laramie and Fort Caspar in southeastern and central Wyoming, and then moved north to the lands along the Wyoming-Montana border.
