Download or read book City of Light written by Jeff Hecht and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-04-08 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: City of Light tells the story of fiber optics, tracing its transformation from 19th-century parlor trick into the foundation of our global communications network. Written for a broad audience by a journalist who has covered the field for twenty years, the book is a lively account of both the people and the ideas behind this revolutionary technology. The basic concept underlying fiber optics was first explored in the 1840s when researchers used jets of water to guide light in laboratory demonstrations. The idea caught the public eye decades later when it was used to create stunning illuminated fountains at many of the great Victorian exhibitions. The modern version of fiber optics--using flexible glass fibers to transmit light--was discovered independently five times through the first half of the century, and one of its first key applications was the endoscope, which for the first time allowed physicians to look inside the body without surgery. Endoscopes became practical in 1956 when a college undergraduate discovered how to make solid glass fibers with a glass cladding. With the invention of the laser, researchers grew interested in optical communications. While Bell Labs and others tried to send laser beams through the atmosphere or hollow light pipes, a small group at Standard Telecommunication Laboratories looked at guiding light by transparent fibers. Led by Charles K. Kao, they proposed the idea of fiber-optic communications and demonstrated that contrary to what many researchers thought glass could be made clear enough to transmit light over great distances. Following these ideas, Corning Glass Works developed the first low-loss glass fibers in 1970. From this point fiber-optic communications developed rapidly. The first experimental phone links were tested on live telephone traffic in 1977 and within half a dozen years long-distance companies were laying fiber cables for their national backbone systems. In 1988, the first transatlantic fiber-optic cable connected Europe with North America, and now fiber optics are the key element in global communications. The story continues today as fiber optics spread through the communication grid that connects homes and offices, creating huge information pipelines and replacing copper wires. The book concludes with a look at some of the exciting potential developments of this technology.
Download or read book Bookseller and the Stationery Trades Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1887 with total page 1136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of the Royal Society of Arts written by and published by . This book was released on 1889 with total page 946 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Publishers Circular and General Record of British and Foreign Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1887 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Publishers circular and booksellers record written by and published by . This book was released on 1887 with total page 1008 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Knopf Traveler s Guides to Art written by Michael Jacobs and published by Alfred A. Knopf. This book was released on 1984 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Spectator written by and published by . This book was released on 1888 with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guide to Microforms in Print written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 1416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Architect written by and published by . This book was released on 1888 with total page 1206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Engineer written by and published by . This book was released on 1887 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book General Catalogue of Printed Books to 1955 written by British Museum. Dept. of Printed Books and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 1236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book British and Irish Paintings in Public Collections written by Christopher Wright and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sets a new standard as a work of reference. It covers British and Irish art in public collections from the beginning of the sixteenth century to the end of the nineteenth, and it encompasses nearly 9,000 painters and 90,000 paintings in more than 1,700 separate collections. The book includes as well pictures that are now lost, some as a consequence of the Second World War and others because of de-accessioning, mostly from 1950 to about 1975 when Victorian art was out of fashion. By listing many tens of thousands of previously unpublished works, including around 13,000 which do not yet have any form of attribution, this book becomes a unique and indispensable work of reference, one that will transform the study of British and Irish painting.
Download or read book The Athenaeum written by and published by . This book was released on 1887 with total page 938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Athenaeum and Literary Chronicle written by James Silk Buckingham and published by . This book was released on 1887 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Building news and engineering journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1887 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Illustrated London News written by and published by . This book was released on 1888 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Mark Lane Express Agricultural Journal c written by and published by . This book was released on 1899 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
