Download or read book The Pistoleer Edgehill written by Skye Smith and published by Skye Smith. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover Flap In 1642 King Charles realized that he was losing control of England to parliament so he gathered an army to him in Nottingham. Since he couldn't beat the Reform Party in the House of Lords, in the courts, or in public opinion, instead he would kill or capture them. The seers had told Daniel that the ever colder winters and shorter growing seasons would bring violence to the kingdom, and now that prediction was coming true. He could no longer delay moving his clan to the New World, for the nobility were choosing sides, sons against fathers, brothers against brothers. Worst of all, mercenaries were being brought in from the brutal continental wars. When some of Daniel's clansmen were pressed into the king's service, he had no choice but to find them and rescue them. About the Author Skye Smith is my pen name. The Pistoleer is a series of historical adventure novels set in Britain in the 1640's. I was encouraged to write them by fans of my Hoodsman series. This is the fourth of the series, and you should read at least the first novel 'HellBurner' before you read 'Edgehill' because it sets the characters and scene for the entire series. The sequence of the books follows the timeline of the Republic of Great Britain. The chapter headings identify the dates and places. The Appendix gives historical insight in the form of an FAQ. Enjoy. Other Novels By The Same Author: The Hoodsman – 12 historical adventures set in the Norman conquest. Maya’s Aura – 8 new age adventures while tripping around the world. Knut – many historical adventures set in the Viking Era. The Pistoleer – 9 historical adventures set in the English Civil War. The Pistoleer #1 – HellBurner (1638 – 1640) The Pistoleer #2 – Slavers (1640 – 1641) The Pistoleer #3 – Pirates (1641 – 1642) The Pistoleer #4 – Edgehill (1642) The Pistoleer #5 – Brentford (1642) The Pistoleer #6 – Invasion (1642 – 1643) The Pistoleer #7 – Roundway Down (1643) The Pistoleer #8 – Bristol (1643) The Pistoleer #9 – Lyme (1644)
Download or read book The Pistoleer Pirates written by Skye Smith and published by Skye Smith. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover Flap No one will ever know what Colonel Lunsford was thinking. Perhaps he was angered that his well trained war horse had stopped still and was nudging playfully at the lass. He drew his sabre from its sheath in a long practised swoop of his arm, a swoop which would end when the blade slashed flesh and the blood gushed. Daniel could not believe his eyes when he saw the glint of the sabre, the very sabre that Daniel had handed back to this officer on the battlefield once he had surrendered it. The Wyred sisters who wove irony into the fates of men were always perverse. Would sparing this man's life in Newbourne now cost him a daughter here in London. He flipped his winter cloak open so he could reach for his pistol. About the Author Skye Smith is my pen name. The Pistoleer is a series of historical adventure novels set in Britain in the 1640's. I was encouraged to write them by fans of my Hoodsman series. This is the third of the series, and you should read the first novel 'HellBurner' before you read 'Pirates' because it sets the characters and scene for the entire series. The sequence of the books follows the timeline of the Republic of Great Britain. The chapter headings identify the dates and places. The Appendix gives historical insight in the form of an FAQ. Enjoy. Other Novels By The Same Author: The Hoodsman – 12 historical adventures set in the Norman conquest. Maya’s Aura – 8 new age adventures while tripping around the world. Knut – many historical adventures set in the Viking Era. The Pistoleer – 9 historical adventures set in the English Civil War. The Pistoleer #1 – HellBurner (1638 – 1640) The Pistoleer #2 – Slavers (1640 – 1641) The Pistoleer #3 – Pirates (1641 – 1642) The Pistoleer #4 – Edgehill (1642) The Pistoleer #5 – Brentford (1642) The Pistoleer #6 – Invasion (1642 – 1643) The Pistoleer #7 – Roundway Down (1643) The Pistoleer #8 – Bristol (1643) The Pistoleer #9 – Lyme (1644)
Download or read book The Pistoleer Brentford written by Skye Smith and published by Skye Smith. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover Flap After the Civil War Battle of Edgehill in late 1642, the rebel army marched north towards Warwick in parallel to the king's army. From high on the edge, Captain Daniel Vanderus watched the king's army through his spyglass, and saw them turn, turn south again towards Banbury. With the rebel army now going the wrong way, Banbury garrison was the only force standing between the king's army and London. So much for his plan of going home. He had to choose between warning Warwick and warning Banbury. He turned his sure footed mare towards Banbury and urged her to run. It was a decision that would eventually make him witness to the slaughter of Brentford. About the Author Skye Smith is my pen name. In 1630 one side of my Manchester ancestors fled to Massachusetts on one of the Earl of Warwick’s ships. The Pistoleer is a series of historical adventure novels set in Britain in the 1640's. I was encouraged to write them by fans of my Hoodsman series. This is the fifth of the series, and you should read at least the first novel 'HellBurner' before you read 'Brentford' because it sets the characters and scene for the entire series. The sequence of the books follows the timeline of the Republic of Great Britain. The chapter headings identify the dates and places. The Appendix gives historical insight in the form of an FAQ. Enjoy. Other Novels By The Same Author: The Hoodsman – 12 historical adventures set in the Norman conquest. Maya’s Aura – 8 new age adventures while tripping around the world. Knut – many historical adventures set in the Viking Era. The Pistoleer – 9 historical adventures set in the English Civil War. The Pistoleer #1 – HellBurner (1638 – 1640) The Pistoleer #2 – Slavers (1640 – 1641) The Pistoleer #3 – Pirates (1641 – 1642) The Pistoleer #4 – Edgehill (1642) The Pistoleer #5 – Brentford (1642) The Pistoleer #6 – Invasion (1642 – 1643) The Pistoleer #7 – Roundway Down (1643) The Pistoleer #8 – Bristol (1643) The Pistoleer #9 – Lyme (1644)
Download or read book The Pistoleer HellBurner written by Skye Smith and published by Skye Smith. This book was released on 2019-04-13 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover Flap In 1638 two English friends, Daniel Vanderus and Robert Blake, sailed home from the war-torn Dutch Republic. The two had met while riding as pistoleers in the Dutch Militia. The flying squads of pistoleers were skirmishers who targetted the Empire's officers. As their ship rowed up the River Great Ouse towards Ely, a girl's call for help linked their futures to Oliver, the tithe collector of Ely. Together they made history. About the Author Skye Smith is my pen name. The Pistoleer is a series of historical adventure novels set in Britain in the 1640's. I was encouraged to write them by fans of my Hoodsman series. HellBurner is the first of the novels and sets the characters and scene for the entire series, so you should read it before reading any of the others. The sequence of the books follows the timeline of the Republic of Great Britain. The chapter headings identify the dates and places. The Appendix gives historical insight in the form of an FAQ. Enjoy. Other Novels By The Same Author: The Hoodsman – 12 historical adventures set in the Norman conquest. Maya’s Aura – 8 new age adventures while tripping around the world. Knut – many historical adventures set in the Viking Era. The Pistoleer – 9 historical adventures set in the English Civil War. The Pistoleer #1 – HellBurner (1638 – 1640) The Pistoleer #2 – Slavers (1640 – 1641) The Pistoleer #3 – Pirates (1641 – 1642) The Pistoleer #4 – Edgehill (1642) The Pistoleer #5 – Brentford (1642) The Pistoleer #6 – Invasion (1642 – 1643) The Pistoleer #7 – Roundway Down (1643) The Pistoleer #8 – Bristol (1643) The Pistoleer #9 – Lyme (1644)
Download or read book The Pistoleer Slavers written by Skye Smith and published by Skye Smith. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover Flap “What news do you bring from London?” Betty Cromwell asked him. “Anything that may prove dangerous to my Ollie?” “Shouldn't think so,” he said in a calming tone, “so long as he stays clear of Pym and his rabble rousers.” “But he is with Pym now, at a political rally in Cambridge.” He stood, turned, and threw his gun leathers over his shoulder as he strode out of the back door and into the sunshine. “I'm borrowing a horse.” She dropped to her knees to beseech the Lord to keep her husband safe, but instead she sniffed up her fears and called out after the tall pistoleer, “Oh please Daniel, keep my Ollie safe!” About the Author Skye Smith is my pen name. The Pistoleer is a series of historical adventure novels set in Britain in the 1640's. I was encouraged to write them by fans of my Hoodsman series. This is the second of the series, and you should read the first novel 'HellBurner' before you read 'Slavers' because it sets the characters and scene for the entire series. The sequence of the books follows the timeline of the Republic of Great Britain. The chapter headings identify the dates and places. The Appendix gives historical insight in the form of an FAQ. Enjoy. Other Novels By The Same Author: The Hoodsman – 12 historical adventures set in the Norman conquest. Maya’s Aura – 8 new age adventures while tripping around the world. Knut – many historical adventures set in the Viking Era. The Pistoleer – 9 historical adventures set in the English Civil War. The Pistoleer #1 – HellBurner (1638 – 1640) The Pistoleer #2 – Slavers (1640 – 1641) The Pistoleer #3 – Pirates (1641 – 1642) The Pistoleer #4 – Edgehill (1642) The Pistoleer #5 – Brentford (1642) The Pistoleer #6 – Invasion (1642 – 1643) The Pistoleer #7 – Roundway Down (1643) The Pistoleer #8 – Bristol (1643) The Pistoleer #9 – Lyme (1644)
Download or read book The Pistoleer Invasion written by Skye Smith and published by Skye Smith. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover Flap In the winter of 1642/43, while King Charles was hiding in Oxford, his wife Henrietta was in The Hague pawning the English crown jewels, buying an army, and chartering ships to invade England. Two of the leading Reformers, Admiral Rich and Colonel Waller, moved quickly to secure all of the ports along the south coast. Denied the south coast, the invasion convoy sailed up the North Sea coast. They were first spotted off the coast of Lowestoft by the crew of a small patrol ship. The crew included Daniel Vanderus, his clansmen, and a dragoon captain named Robert Blake. About the Author Skye Smith is my pen name. In 1630 some of my Manchester Puritan ancestors sailed away to Massachusetts on one of Robert Rich's ships. The Pistoleer is a series of historical adventure novels set in Britain in the 1640's. I was encouraged to write them by fans of my Hoodsman series. This is the sixth of the series, and you should read at least the first novel 'HellBurner' before you read 'Invasion' because it sets the characters and scene for the entire series. The sequence of the books follows the timeline of the Republic of Great Britain. The chapter headings identify the dates and places. The Appendix gives historical insight in the form of an FAQ. Enjoy. Other Novels By The Same Author: The Hoodsman – 12 historical adventures set in the Norman conquest. Maya’s Aura – 8 new age adventures while tripping around the world. Knut – many historical adventures set in the Viking Era. The Pistoleer – 9 historical adventures set in the English Civil War. The Pistoleer #1 – HellBurner (1638 – 1640) The Pistoleer #2 – Slavers (1640 – 1641) The Pistoleer #3 – Pirates (1641 – 1642) The Pistoleer #4 – Edgehill (1642) The Pistoleer #5 – Brentford (1642) The Pistoleer #6 – Invasion (1642 – 1643) The Pistoleer #7 – Roundway Down (1643) The Pistoleer #8 – Bristol (1643) The Pistoleer #9 – Lyme (1644)
Download or read book The Pistoleer Roundway Down written by Skye Smith and published by Skye Smith. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover Flap The spring of 1643 was cold and damp, so deadly flu's ravaged the army camps. King Charles was secure in Oxford waiting for his wife Henrietta to march down from York with her invading army and their much needed supplies. Parliament's core army was immobile at Windsor due to a political deadlock over whether to storm the king or make peace with him. Meanwhile the royalist flying armies were brutalizing the folk of the South West, of the Midlands, and of Lincolnshire. The locals scrambled to defend themselves with help from experienced officers such as Waller and Fairfax, but also from inexperienced militia officers such as Capt. O. Cromwell. About the Author Skye Smith is my pen name. In 1630 some of my Manchester Puritan ancestors sailed away to Massachusetts on one of Robert Rich's ships. The Pistoleer is a series of historical adventure novels set in Britain in the 1640's. I was encouraged to write them by fans of my Hoodsman series. This is the seventh of the series, and you should read at least the first novel 'HellBurner' before you read this book because it sets the characters and scene for the entire series. The sequence of the books follows the timeline of the Republic of Great Britain. The chapter headings identify the dates and places. The Appendix gives historical insight in the form of an FAQ. Enjoy. Other Novels By The Same Author: The Hoodsman – 12 historical adventures set in the Norman conquest. Maya’s Aura – 8 new age adventures while tripping around the world. Knut – many historical adventures set in the Viking Era. The Pistoleer – 9 historical adventures set in the English Civil War. The Pistoleer #1 – HellBurner (1638 – 1640) The Pistoleer #2 – Slavers (1640 – 1641) The Pistoleer #3 – Pirates (1641 – 1642) The Pistoleer #4 – Edgehill (1642) The Pistoleer #5 – Brentford (1642) The Pistoleer #6 – Invasion (1642 – 1643) The Pistoleer #7 – Roundway Down (1643) The Pistoleer #8 – Bristol (1643) The Pistoleer #9 – Lyme (1644)
Download or read book The Pistoleer Bristol 1643 written by Skye Smith and published by Skye Smith. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover Flap The last week of July 1643 brought disaster to the rebellion against Charles I. On the 25th they lost Bristol, England’s second richest industrial port. On the 28th they lost Gainsborough and thus all Lincolnshire was in jeopardy. London’s propaganda sheets were scrambling to find any good news in these losses, and so they made heroes out of two unknown militia officers for standing fast when vastly outnumbered by royalist cavalry. Captain Robert Blake in Bristol and Colonel Oliver Cromwell in Gainsborough. The military reputations of both men were made – and then so was history. About the Author Skye Smith is my pen name. In 1630 some of my Manchester Puritan ancestors sailed away to Massachusetts on one of Robert Rich's ships. The Pistoleer is a series of historical adventure novels set in Britain in the 1640's. I was encouraged to write them by fans of my Hoodsman series. This is the eighth of the series, and you should read at least the first novel 'HellBurner' before you read this book because it sets the characters and scene for the entire series. The sequence of the books follows the time-line of the Republic of Great Britain. The chapter headings identify the dates and places. The Appendix gives historical insight in the form of an FAQ. Enjoy. Other Novels By The Same Author: The Hoodsman – 12 historical adventures set in the Norman conquest. Maya’s Aura – 8 new age adventures while tripping around the world. Knut – many historical adventures set in the Viking Era. The Pistoleer – 9 historical adventures set in the English Civil War. The Pistoleer #1 – HellBurner (1638 – 1640) The Pistoleer #2 – Slavers (1640 – 1641) The Pistoleer #3 – Pirates (1641 – 1642) The Pistoleer #4 – Edgehill (1642) The Pistoleer #5 – Brentford (1642) The Pistoleer #6 – Invasion (1642 – 1643) The Pistoleer #7 – Roundway Down (1643) The Pistoleer #8 – Bristol (1643) The Pistoleer #9 – Lyme (1644)
Download or read book The Pistoleer Lyme 1644 written by Skye Smith and published by Skye Smith. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover Flap By late 1643 the English Parliament had suffered so many battlefield disasters that they were forced into a Confederacy with the Scottish Parliament. This was bad news for Charles because the Scots had defeated him just four years ago, so he looked to Ireland and France for help. In order to land French troop ships he needed to control the southern coast, so he sent an army under Prince Maurice to make that so. Maurice thought the taking of the port of Lyme would be a job done before breakfast. Meanwhile, down in the town Robert Blake was waiting for him, as he had waited for Maurice’s brother Rupert, in Bristol’s northern forts. About the Author Skye Smith is my pen name. In 1630 some of my Manchester Puritan ancestors sailed away to Massachusetts on one of Robert Rich's ships. The Pistoleer is a series of historical adventure novels set in Britain in the 1640's. I was encouraged to write them by fans of my Hoodsman series. This is the ninth in the series, and you should read at least the first novel 'HellBurner' before you read this book because it sets the characters and scene for the entire series. The sequence of the books follows the time-line of the Republic of Great Britain. The chapter headings identify the dates and places. The Appendix gives historical insight in the form of an FAQ. Enjoy. Other Novels By The Same Author: The Hoodsman – 12 historical adventures set in the Norman conquest. Maya’s Aura – 8 new age adventures while tripping around the world. Knut – many historical adventures set in the Viking Era. The Pistoleer – 9 historical adventures set in the English Civil War. The Pistoleer #1 – HellBurner (1638 – 1640) The Pistoleer #2 – Slavers (1640 – 1641) The Pistoleer #3 – Pirates (1641 – 1642) The Pistoleer #4 – Edgehill (1642) The Pistoleer #5 – Brentford (1642) The Pistoleer #6 – Invasion (1642 – 1643) The Pistoleer #7 – Roundway Down (1643) The Pistoleer #8 – Bristol (1643) The Pistoleer #9 – Lyme (1644)
Download or read book THE HOODSMAN Companion written by Skye Smith and published by Skye Smith. This book was released on 2019-04-03 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover Flap The Hoodsman series of twelve historical action novels simultaneously follow two distinct timelines. The longer (flashback) timeline begins shortly before the invasions of England in 1066, and progresses through the subsequent reign of terror of William the Conqueror. The shorter (current) timeline begins in 1100 with the assassination of William II, and progresses through the rise to power of the conqueror’s youngest son Henry I. Although the Robin Hood style adventures can be enjoyed simply as action packed entertainment, at a deeper level they also offer a portrait of the characters, society, and events during a difficult era that was pivotal to the people and history of the British Isles. This ‘thirteenth’ book is a reference handbook that will help the fans of the Hoodsman novels to more thoroughly understand and enjoy them. I have self-published twelve “The Hoodsman” historical-adventure novels and one Companion reference book for the series: # - SubTitle William I Timeline Henry I Timeline 1. Killing Kings 1066 killing King Harald of Norway (Battle of Stamford Bridge) 1100 killing King William II of England. Henry claims the throne. 2. Hunting Kings 1066 hunting the Conqueror (Battle of Hastings Road) 1100 hunting Henry I (Coronation Charter) 3. Frisians of the Fens 1067/68 rebellions. Edgar Aetheling flees north with Margaret. 1100 amnesty and peace. Henry recruits English bowmen. 4. Saving Princesses 1068/69 rebellions. Margaret weds Scotland (Battle of Durham) 1100/01 Edith of Scotland weds Henry (Battle of Alton) 5. Blackstone Edge 1069/70 rebellions (The Harrowing of the North) 1101 peace while the economy is saved from the bankers 6. Ely Wakes 1070/71 Frisian rebellion (Battles of Ely and Cassel) 1101 Henry collects allies. Mary of Scotland weds Boulogne. 7. Courtesans and Exiles 1072/74 English lords flee abroad (Battle of Montreuil, Edgar surrenders) 1102 Henry collects allies (the honour of Boulogne) 8. The Revolt of the Earls 1075/76 Earls revolt (Battles of Worchester and Fagaduna) 1102 Earls revolt (Battles of Arundel, Bridgnorth, Shropshire) 9. Forest Law 1076/79 fighting Normans in France (London Burned, Battle of Gerberoi) 1103 fighting Normans in Cornwall (Battle of Tamara Sound) 10. Queens and Widows 1079/81 rebellions (Gateshead, Judith of Lens) 1103 Edith made Regent (Force 5 Hurricane) 11. Popes and Emperors 1081 Normans slaughter English exiles (Battle of Dyrrhachium) 1104 Henry visits Normandy (Duchy run by warlords) 12. The Second Invasion 1082/85 power vacuum, peaceful anarchy (Regent Odo arrested enroute to Rome) 1085/87 Re-invasion and Harrowing of all England (Battle of Mantes, Conqueror dies) 1104/05 Henry invades Normandy twice (Battle of Tinchebray) Other Novels By The Same Author: The Pistoleer – 9 historical adventures set in the English Civil War. Maya’s Aura – 8 new age adventures while tripping around the world. Knut – many historical adventures set in the Viking Era.
Download or read book The Aramaic Portions of the Pesiqta de Rab Kahana According to MS Marshall Or 24 written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book War Horse written by Louis A. DiMarco and published by Westholme Pub Llc. This book was released on 2012 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than four thousand years, the horse and rider have been an integral part of warfare. Armed with weapons and accessories ranging from a simple javelin to the hand-held laser designator, the horse and rider have fought from the steppes of central Asia to the plains of North America. Understanding the employment of the military horse is key to understanding the successes and the limitations of military operations and campaigns throughout history. Over the centuries, horses have been used to pull chariots, support armor-laden knights, move scouts rapidly over harsh terrain, and carry waves of tightly formed cavalry. In War Horse: A History of the Military Horse and Rider, Louis A. DiMarco discusses all of the uses of horses in battle, including the Greek, Persian, and Roman cavalry, the medieval knight and his mount, the horse warriors-Huns, Mongols, Arabs, and Cossacks-the mounted formations of Frederick the Great and Napoleon, and mounted unconventional fighters, such as American Indians, the Boers, and partisans during World War II. The book also covers the weapons and forces which were developed to oppose horsemen, including longbowmen, pike armies, cannon, muskets, and machine guns. The development of organizations and tactics are addressed beginning with those of the chariot armies and traced through the evolution of cavalry formations from Alexander the Great to the Red Army of World War II. In addition, the author examines the training and equipping of the rider and details the types of horses used as military mounts at different points in history, the breeding systems that produced those horses, and the techniques used to train and control them. Finally, the book reviews the importance of the horse and rider to battle and military operations throughout history, and concludes with a survey of the current military use of horses. War Horse is a comprehensive look at this oldest and most important aspect of military history, the relationship between human and animal, a weapons system that has been central to warfare longer than any other.
Download or read book Rethinking Military History written by Jeremy Black and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume re-positions military history at the beginning of the 21st century. Jeremy Black reveals the main trends in the practice and approach to military history and proposes a new manifesto for the subject to move forward.
Download or read book Renaissance War Studies written by J. R. Hale and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 1983-01-01 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with the chapters on warfare in the first three volumes of the New Cambridge Modern History, Sir John Hale's writings on the subject present an original and rich assessment of war's place in Renaissance life and thought. The first section of this collection constitutes a major contribution to the study of Renaissance fortifications, their design, planning and execution, and their political as well as their military significance. The second deals with the recruitment and training of officers and men. In the third, contemporary reactions to war are analysed in a variety of social and intellectual contexts. The archival and literary sources drawn on are primarily Italian, in the second place English, but the imaginative scene is that of western Europe as a whole.
Download or read book The Dawn of Modern Warfare written by Hans Delbr_ck and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Translation of: Geschichte der Kriegskunst im Rahmen der politischen Geschichte.
Download or read book Going to the Wars written by Charles Carlton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-11 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book Sisters Super Creeps and Slushy Gushy Love Songs written by Karen McCombie and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ally knows her super-efficient big sis Linn finds their chaotic family a bit ... exasperating. But when Linn falls for Q, the tearaway lead singer in a local band, all her sensible ways go out of the window. Everyone else can see that Q's a creep, but does Ally have the courage to burst Linn's heart-shaped bubble?