Download or read book The Photosynthetic and Stomatal Response of Medicago Sativa Cv Saranac to Free air CO2 Enrichment F A C E and Nitrogen written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plots of Medicago sativa cv. saranac were grown in the field at ambient (355 [mu]mol CO2 mol−1 air) or elevated (600[mu]mol CO2 mol−1 air) CO2 concentrations. High (200kg yr−1) or low (20kg yr−1) nitrogen levels were applied to two isogeneic lines, one able and one unable to use nitrogen fixing bacteria. Plants were in the second year of field growth. Exposure to elevated CO2 was via a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment System (FACE). Elevated CO2 increased diurnal assimilation by between 12% and 92%. Analysis of A/C{sub i} responses showed that effective nitrogen fertilisation was more important to rubisCO and RuBP activity than elevated CO2. No acclimation was consistently observed. Leaves lower down the canopy were found to have lower Vc{sub max} and J{sub max} values, though age may be the cause of the latter effect. FACE conditions have only a small effect on these responses. There was some evidence found for the down-regulation of photosynthesis in the late afternoon. The FACE conditions had no affect on stomatal density but did increase epidermal cell density.
Download or read book The Photosynthetic and Stomatal Response of Medicago Sativa Cv Saranac to Free air CO sub 2 Enrichment F A C E and Nitrogen written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plots of Medicago sativa cv. saranac were grown in the field at ambient (355?mol CO2 mol−1 air) or elevated (600?mol CO2 mol−1 air) CO2 concentrations. High (200kg yr−1) or low (20kg yr−1) nitrogen levels were applied to two isogeneic lines, one able and one unable to use nitrogen fixing bacteria. Plants were in the second year of field growth. Exposure to elevated CO2 was via a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment System (FACE). Elevated CO2 increased diurnal assimilation by between 12% and 92%. Analysis of A/C{sub i} responses showed that effective nitrogen fertilisation was more important to rubisCO and RuBP activity than elevated CO2. No acclimation was consistently observed. Leaves lower down the canopy were found to have lower Vc{sub max} and J{sub max} values, though age may be the cause of the latter effect. FACE conditions have only a small effect on these responses. There was some evidence found for the down-regulation of photosynthesis in the late afternoon. The FACE conditions had no affect on stomatal density but did increase epidermal cell density.
Download or read book The Photosynthetic Acclimation of Lolium Perenne Growing in a Free air CO2 Enrichment FACE System written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stands of Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Bastion) were grown in the field at ambient or elevated (600[mu]mol/mol) CO2 concentration, high (560Kg/ha) or low (140Kg/ha) nitrogen addition and with a frequent (every 4 weeks) or infrequent (every 8 weeks) cutting regime. Plants were in the second year of a 3 year experiment. Exposure to elevated CO2 was carried out with a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) system which provides the most {open_quote}realistic{close_quote} system of CO2 fumigation currently available. Elevated CO2 increased diurnal CO2 assimilation by between 34 and 88% whilst reducing rates of stomatal conductance by between 1 and 42%. However, analysis of the A vs. Ci response showed considerable acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus in response to elevated CO2 - Vc{sub max} as an in vivo measure of RubisCO activity, decreased by between 29 and 35% in high CO2, whilst J{sub max}, as a measure of the RubP regeneration capacity, showed no significant change. Two out of three additional perennial grassland species studied showed similar acclamatory behavior to Ryegrass. Diurnal assimilation rate, J{sub max} and, in most cases, Vc{sub max}, increased significantly directly after cutting of Ryegrass stands, but nitrogen treatment had little effect on any of these parameters. Neither stomatal density, stomatal index nor stomatal pore length of Ryegrass were significantly altered by growth in elevated CO2. The results are discussed in terms of the limitation imposed on maximizing photosynthetic and growth responses of Ryegrass at elevated CO2, by the ability of perennial species to increase long-term sink capacity under these conditions.
Download or read book The Photosynthetic Acclimation of Lolium Perenne Growing in a Free air CO sub 2 Enrichment FACE System written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stands of Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Bastion) were grown in the field at ambient or elevated (600?mol/mol) CO2 concentration, high (560Kg/ha) or low (140Kg/ha) nitrogen addition and with a frequent (every 4 weeks) or infrequent (every 8 weeks) cutting regime. Plants were in the second year of a 3 year experiment. Exposure to elevated CO2 was carried out with a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) system which provides the most {open_quote}realistic{close_quote} system of CO2 fumigation currently available. Elevated CO2 increased diurnal CO2 assimilation by between 34 and 88% whilst reducing rates of stomatal conductance by between 1 and 42%. However, analysis of the A vs. Ci response showed considerable acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus in response to elevated CO2 - Vc{sub max} as an in vivo measure of RubisCO activity, decreased by between 29 and 35% in high CO2, whilst J{sub max}, as a measure of the RubP regeneration capacity, showed no significant change. Two out of three additional perennial grassland species studied showed similar acclamatory behavior to Ryegrass. Diurnal assimilation rate, J{sub max} and, in most cases, Vc{sub max}, increased significantly directly after cutting of Ryegrass stands, but nitrogen treatment had little effect on any of these parameters. Neither stomatal density, stomatal index nor stomatal pore length of Ryegrass were significantly altered by growth in elevated CO2. The results are discussed in terms of the limitation imposed on maximizing photosynthetic and growth responses of Ryegrass at elevated CO2, by the ability of perennial species to increase long-term sink capacity under these conditions.
Download or read book Inter and Intra specific Variation in Photosynthetic Acclimation Response to Long Term Exposure of Elevated Carbon Dioxide written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The response of intra and interspecific variation in photosynthetic acclimation to growth at elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (600[mu]mol mol-l) in six important grassland species was investigated. Plants were grown in a background sward of Lolium perenne and measurements were made after four years of growth at elevated C{sub a}. Elevated CO2 was maintained using a FACE (Free-Air Carbon Enrichment) system. Significant intra and interspecific variation in acclimation response was demonstrated. The response of adaxial and abaxial stomatal conductance to elevated CO2 was also investigated. The stomatal conductance of both the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces was found to be reduced by elevated C{sub a}. Significant asymmetric responses in stomatal conductance was demonstrated in D. glomerata and T. pratense. Analysis of stomatal indices and densities indicated that the observed reductions in stomatal conductance were probably the result of changes in stomatal aperture.
Download or read book FACE Free air CO2 Enrichment for Plant Research in the Field written by George R. Hendrey and published by CRC PressI Llc. This book was released on 1992 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FACE provides a compendium of information on Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment, the latest advance in technology for exposing field-grown plants to changes in atmospheric chemistry. The book presents the justification and mission of the DOE/USDA FACE Program, the historical development of various types of fumigation equipment and of FACE-type systems, a cost comparison for the set-up and execution of experiments using FACE and other types of systems, FACE design and performance data, and results of FACE experiments on cotton.
Download or read book Physiology of Stomata written by Hans Meidner and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects on Photosynthetic CO sub 2 Assimilation to Long term Elevation of Atmospheric CO sub 2 Concentration written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding how photosynthetic capacity acclimates to elevated CO2 concentrations is vital in predicting the response of important grassland species such as Trifolium repens. Previous studies of acclimatization have been carried out in artificial experimental conditions, such as acrylic greenhouses or controlled environment chambers. The advent of FACE technology has enabled a large area of crop to be fumigated in the field, providing more realistic growing conditions. Pure stands of Trifolium repens L. cv. Blanca grown at either 355 or 600?mol mol−1 CO2 were examined, and their photosynthetic response to elevated Ca determined via gas exchange studies. Rates of photosynthesis of young, fully expanded leaves were increased between 21 and 36% when grown and measured at elevated CO2. This increase in A corresponded to a decrease in g{sub S} of between 18 and 52%. No acclimation effect was observed in the most frequently cut stands, whilst the response of stands clipped only 4 times per year was more variable. When down regulation of V{sub cmax} did occur, this was not nearly as marked as that which occurred in 3 other temperate species (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Ranunculus friesianus, Plantago lanceolata (L.) J. & C. Presl.), at similar growth regimes. No acclimation of stomatal frequency, SI or pore length was found to occur in the enriched clover stands.
Download or read book Stomatal Physiology written by P. G. Jarvis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1981-08-13 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains a collection of papers on the anatomy, physiology and action of stomata by experts in the field, presented in a form suitable for students of botany and plant science, and related subjects such as agriculture, forestry, and horticulture, at the undergraduate and postgraduate level. Special care has been taken to ensure that the book can be used as a text for undergraduate courses in plant, environmental and cell physiology at a reasonably advanced level. It provides an up-to-date assessment of our knowledge of stomata and the articles include: the structure and development of stomata; the measurement of stomatal aperture and conductance; the ion exchanges and metabolism of guard cells; work on isolated guard-cell protoplasts; the responses of stomata to a wide range of stimuli, including light, carbon dioxide, humidity, water stress, pollutants and disease organisms; the behaviour of stomata in the field; and a discussion of stomatal control of transpiration and photosynthesis.
Download or read book The Effect Of Elevated Carbon Dioxide On Leaf Level Physiology In A Mature Temperate Woodland written by Jerry Pritchard and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main greenhouse gas driving change in the Earthu2019s climate. Rising CO2 is expected to stimulate photosynthesis, but limited studies have been conducted on mature or temperate forests. It is uncertain how mature temperate forest ecosystems may respond to the future CO2 emissions and what interacting environmental factors may influence this.This experiment has been conducted at the Birmingham Institute of Forest Research Free Air Carbon Enrichment Experiment (BIFoR-FACE). BIFoR-FACE is set in a mature oak (Quercus robur. L) woodland and provides additional CO2, to 30m diameter experimental plots, to simulate the future atmospheric conditions in 50 yearsu2019 time (+150ppm). Instantaneous gas exchange measurements have been conducted in the second year of CO2 fumigation (2018) in the upper canopy of Q.robur trees, from bud burst (June) to leaf fall (October). This study used a paired plot design (n=3) of elevated CO2 (eCO2)(550ppm) and ambient control plots (aCO2 )(400ppm). Measurements were taken using a Li-6800 portable photosynthesis machine (LICOR) to calculate leaf-level rates of photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gsw) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) across the growing season. The results suggest an average of +24% increase in photosynthesis, seasonally variable decrease in gsw and increase in iWUE under eCO2 conditions. The effect of eCO2 varied depending on the prevailing seasonal and diurnal fluctuations in environmental variables, such as light and water availability. This data will help understand, and contribute, to the accurate modelling of canopy physiological responses to eCO2 for mature temperate forest ecosystems.
Download or read book Impacts of Global Warming and Rising Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations on Physiology Development and Productivity of Midwestern Crops written by Ursula M. Ruiz Vera and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, particularly CO2, drives increases in the global surface temperatures and is already impacting life on Earth. The impact of these changes on agro-ecosystem is particularly important as we rely on agriculture for food, fiber, and renewable energy, the demand for which is increasing as human population rises. Photosynthesis is the primary means by which plants sense rising atmospheric concentrations of CO2 ((CO2)) and all metabolic pathways are responsive to changes in temperature. In this thesis, I address, first, the effects of rising (CO2) and increasing temperatures on photosynthesis, growth and yields for the tenth most productive crop, soybean. Environmental conditions are shown to strongly influence the progression of crops through vegetative and reproductive growth stages. Therefore, I next evaluate the effects of elevated CO2 and high temperature on vegetative and reproductive development for soybean. Maize, the second most productive crop in the world, is expected to behave different than soybean under conditions of elevated CO2 and high temperatures because this crop differs in its photosynthetic pathway. Thus, I evaluate the response of photosynthesis, growth and yield in maize under the same conditions presented for soybean. My research was conducted over three years using the Temperature by Free Air CO2 Enrichment experiment (T-FACE) which simulated conditions predicted by mid-century in terms of CO2 and temperature, at the SoyFACE research facility in Champaign, IL. For soybean, photosynthesis, growth and yield were reduced with high temperatures and increased with elevated CO2. However, rising both CO2 and temperature produced a variable response that was dependent on the weather conditions during the growing season. Soybean under the combined treatment did not perform better than under only elevated (CO2) but elevated CO2 helped to mitigate the decreases in photosynthesis under high temperature conditions. Additionally, soybean presented a faster vegetative development under increased temperature which offset the delay of reproductive development caused by elevated CO2. For maize, it was found that the increase in temperature reduced photosynthesis during reproductive stages while elevated CO2 had no effect on photosynthesis. A stimulation of vegetative biomass and a reduction of yield were observed with increased temperature, resulting in no change for the total above-ground biomass. The results in this thesis add evidence for the negative effects of global warming to photosynthesis and productivity in soybean and maize. Additionally, these results are different from predictions based on laboratory or enclose experiments for the CO2 plus temperature treatment, emphasizing the necessity for in-field experiments in order to have more reliable predictions of the effects of climate change on agriculture. This thesis contributes toward improved predictions of key agronomic species grown in the Midwestern agriculture in the context of climate change.
Download or read book Plant Nitrogen Metabolism written by Jonathan E. Poulton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is based on papers presented by invited speakers at a symposium entitled "Plant Nitrogen Metabolism" held in conjunction with the 28th Annual Meeting of the Phytochemical Society of North America. The meeting took place on the campus of the University of Iowa at Iowa City during June 26-30, 1988, and attracted 110 participants from 11 countries. The goal of the symposium was to trace the pathway by which nitrogen passes from soil and atmosphere into both primary and secondary nitrogenous metabolites, focusing upon areas which were felt to be most rapidly expanding. From nodulines (nodule specific proteins) and GS/GOGAT mutants to sugar mimics (polyhydroxyalkaloids) and herbicide inhibitors of amino acid metabolism, research in nitrogen metabolism has expanded into areas barely envisioned only a few years ago. Both the nitrogen specialist and the general plant biochemist will be pleased by the range of topics covered here. Following an overview in Chapter 1 of plant nitrogen metabolism, the remaining chapters are loosely organized into three groups. Chapters 2-6 deal primarily with the biochemistry and molecular biology of nitrogen assimilation and transport, Chapters 7-9 with amino acid metabolism, and Chapters 10-12 with secondary metabolites.
Download or read book Bayesian Models for Astrophysical Data written by Joseph M. Hilbe and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive guide to Bayesian methods in astronomy enables hands-on work by supplying complete R, JAGS, Python, and Stan code, to use directly or to adapt. It begins by examining the normal model from both frequentist and Bayesian perspectives and then progresses to a full range of Bayesian generalized linear and mixed or hierarchical models, as well as additional types of models such as ABC and INLA. The book provides code that is largely unavailable elsewhere and includes details on interpreting and evaluating Bayesian models. Initial discussions offer models in synthetic form so that readers can easily adapt them to their own data; later the models are applied to real astronomical data. The consistent focus is on hands-on modeling, analysis of data, and interpretations that address scientific questions. A must-have for astronomers, its concrete approach will also be attractive to researchers in the sciences more generally.
Download or read book The Beet Leafhopper written by James Robert Douglass and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Endophytic Fungi written by Ahmed M. Abdel Azeem and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2024-08-07 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endophytic Fungi: The Full Story of the Untapped Treasure covers the developments in endophytic fungal research from beginning to the end by the eminent researchers involved in the field. It sheds light on the endophytic fungal current research, challenges, and future possibilities, the trending recent topics in the plant-fungal endophytes' biodynamics for sustainable development of bioproducts and its applications are supported in large-scale biosynthesis of industrially and pharmaceutical important biomolecules.Endophytic Fungi: The Full Story of the Untapped Treasure highlights the bioprospecting and applied aspects of endophytic fungal communities from diverse hosts and discusses the practical applications of such endophytes in detail. It also reviews recent strategies on alternative sustainable sources of medicines such as secondary metabolites of fungi instead of over collection of plants under prohibiting of biodiversity conventions. The uniqueness of this book is the inclusion of updated bioinformatics-based strategies and its importance in bioactive molecules produced by endophytic fungi. The book addresses one of the most eminent issues in this field: how to translate the potential that endophytic fungi hold in stable practical application. - Covers major concepts of plant-fungi interaction, biodiversity of endophytic fungi from diverse and biotechnological applications for sustainable development - Is extensively illustrated and clearly written, using easy-to-understand language, sharing the latest developments and potential of fungal products for various applications - Sheds light on the endophytic fungal current research, challenges, and future possibilities
Download or read book Yvain written by Chretien de Troyes and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1987-09-10 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A twelfth-century poem by the creator of the Arthurian romance describes the courageous exploits and triumphs of a brave lord who tries to win back his deserted wife's love
Download or read book Agricultural Proteomics Volume 2 written by Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will cover several topics to elaborate how proteomics may contribute in our understanding of mechanisms involved in stress adaptation. The knowledge being accumulated by a wide range of proteomics technologies may eventually be utilized in breeding programs to enhance stress tolerance. This book presents comprehensive reviews about responses of crop and farm animals to environmental stresses. Challenges related to stress phenotyping and integration of proteomics and other omics data have also been addressed.
