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Book The origin and dynamics of the spruce moss forests at their northern limit of distribution  Qu  bec  Canada

Download or read book The origin and dynamics of the spruce moss forests at their northern limit of distribution Qu bec Canada written by Stefanie Pollock and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La forêt boréale d'Amérique du Nord est divisée en trois zones selon un gradient sud-nord : la forêt fermée (pessière à mousses), la forêt ouverte (pessière à lichens) et la toundra forestière. Par leur influence sur la régénération des arbres, le climat et le feu sont les principales forces directrices influençant ces trois zones distinctes. Nos connaissances et notre compréhension de l'évolution à long terme de la pessière à mousses sont limitées et incomplètes. De plus, les conditions favorables au maintien de la forêt fermée restent à connaître. Des données récentes suggèrent que les perturbations, incluant le feu et les épidémies d'insectes, peuvent mener à des transformations de la pessière à mousses en pessière à lichens. Au cours des 50 dernières années, un changement d'importance est survenu dans plusieurs parties de la zone boréale où la forêt fermée a été remplacée par la forêt ouverte. Cette étude a pour but de caractériser la structure de la pessière à mousses et de déterminer les conditions nécessaires à sa régénération et à son renouvellement. De plus, nous avons abordé la question de la stabilité de la pessière à mousses en zone nordique en fonction du temps et des types de perturbation. La recherche s'est déroulée dans le centre du Québec (Canada), entre 47°30' au 56°00' N et du 70°00' et 72°00' O. L'aire d'étude comprend les trois zones de la forêt boréale. La limite nordique des pessières à mousses se trouve vers 55° N au contact de la zone de la pessière à lichens et de la toundra forestière. Des photos aériennes ont été utilisées afin de cartographier la répartition et l'étendue de la pessière à mousses dans l'aire d'étude. Dix-neuf sites ont été sélectionnés aux fins d'échantillonnage le long du gradient latitudinal. Dans chaque site, tous les arbres ont été mesurés et les 10 plus grosses épinettes noires (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) ont été prélevées en vue d'une analyse des cernes de croissance et d'une analyse de tige. Les mêmes analyses ont été faites également chez les plus gros sapins baumier (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) de chaque site. L'effet du climat sur la croissance de l'épinette noire et du sapin baumier a aussi été évalué. Les traces laissées par les épidémies de la tordeuse du bourgeon de l'épinette ont été analysées à l'aide du programme OUTBREAK. Onze échantillons de profil de sol ont été décrits dans chaque site et la présence et la position des charbons de bois à la surface du sol ont permis d'évaluer le type de feux. Cinquante quatre échantillons de charbons de bois ont été datés à l'aide du C selon la technique AMS dans le but de déterminer le temps écoulé depuis le dernier feu (TDDF) dans chaque site. La végétation a été décrite et analysée à Laide de techniques d'ordination. Le TDDF des 19 sites varie de 118 à 4870 années calendaires et il est corrélé avec la latitude et l'altitude. Les charbons de bois analysés sont tous situés au contact du sol minéral, une indication que le dernier feu était suffisamment sévère pour consumer toute la matière organique. On a dénombré 62 espèces dans les 19 sites étudiés et leur présence était surtout influencée par la latitude. Contrairement à d'autres études, aucun changement n'a été observé chez les bryophytes en fonction du TDDF. Lorsque Ton tient compte de la distribution du diamètre des épinettes, les peuplements où le dernier feu remonte à plus de 325 ans montrent une structure de taille qui se rapproche d'une distribution polynomiale de troisième ordre, tandis que les peuplements de moins de 325 ans présentent une structure de taille simulant une distribution en J-inversé. La hauteur et la croissance radiale moyenne des épinettes sont associées par la latitude, le temps écoulé depuis le dernier feu et l'épaisseur de l'horizon organique. Le taux de croissance des arbre la première cohorte suivant un feu diminue avant d'atteindre le niveau de forêt mature. Deux chutes de croissance radiale, le premier en 1950 et l'autre à la fin des années 1970 et le début des années 1980, ont été observées chez l'épinette noire et le sapin baumier, lesquelles correspondent à des périodes d'infestation de la tordeuse du bourgeon de l'épinette. Aucune preuve de l'incidence d'épidémies de la tordeuse du bourgeon de l'épinette n'a été trouvée au nord du 51° N. La régénération continue et le ré-établissement de la pessière à mousses dépendent du passage de feux sévères qui brûlent complètement la matière organique à la surface du sol. La régénération initiale après un feu est cruciale pour le développement futur de la pessière à mousses. Nos données montrent que les pessières à mousse sont des écosystèmes fragiles qui font partie d'états alternatifs stables où les perturbations en rafale et/ou les feux qui ne consument pas complètement la matière organique au sol peuvent provoquer un changement d'état de la forêt, notamment le remplacement de la pessière à mousses par la pessière à lichens. Il est important de poursuivre les recherches afin de déterminer l'évolution dans le temps et l'espace des zones de végétation de la forêt boréale, notamment en considérant la nature, l'ampleur, la sévérité et la succession des divers types en considérant la nature, l'ampleur, la sévérité et la succession des divers types de perturbation qui les affectent.

Book Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences

Download or read book Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Download or read book Canadian Journal of Forest Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Conifers

    Book Details:
  • Author : Ana Cristina Gonçalves
  • Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
  • Release : 2022-06-15
  • ISBN : 1839697768
  • Pages : 244 pages

Download or read book Conifers written by Ana Cristina Gonçalves and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-06-15 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conifers include a wide range of species that are spread all over the world. These species have wide diversity, variable stand structures ranging from monospecific monocohort to multispecific multicohort, and produce an assortment of products and services, the most frequent of which is timber. This book is a collection of contributions, both reviews and research studies, from different fields and perspectives on the management, regeneration, growth, diversity, and production of conifer stands. The book also addresses the effect of wildfires on conifer ecosystems and respiratory allergies to conifers.

Book Canadian Journal of Botany

Download or read book Canadian Journal of Botany written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Dynamics of the Tundra taiga Interface

Download or read book Dynamics of the Tundra taiga Interface written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Disturbance Dynamics in Boreal Forest

Download or read book Disturbance Dynamics in Boreal Forest written by Ola Engelmark and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Global Vegetation

    Book Details:
  • Author : Jörg S. Pfadenhauer
  • Publisher : Springer Nature
  • Release : 2020-09-09
  • ISBN : 3030498603
  • Pages : 858 pages

Download or read book Global Vegetation written by Jörg S. Pfadenhauer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-09 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This up-to-date textbook of global vegetation ecology, which comprises the current state of knowledge, is long overdue and much-needed. It is a translation of the textbook “Vegetation der Erde” (Springer-Spektrum, Heidelberg). A short introductory chapter deals with the fundamentals of vegetation ecology that are of importance for the delimitation and characterization of the global vegetation presented in this book (chorology, evolution of plants, physiognomic and structural characteristics, phytodiversity and the human impact on it as well as general terminology concerning both plant growth forms and on vegetation structure types). In the following chapters the zonal and azonal vegetation from the tropics to the polar regions including high mountains is described and discussed. The main focus is on the characterization of interactions between the spatial location of plants and plant communities on the one hand and site conditions, historic and genetic processes, spatial and temporal patterns, ecophysiology and anthropogenic influences on the other hand. Additional information on specific topics is provided in 51 boxes.

Book Structural Characteristics and Recruitment Dynamics of Old Growth Red Spruce Northern Hardwoods Mixedwood Forests

Download or read book Structural Characteristics and Recruitment Dynamics of Old Growth Red Spruce Northern Hardwoods Mixedwood Forests written by Jordan T. Luff and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixedwoods forests occur in temperate forests around the world, providing unique ecological, economic, and cultural benefits, but there are key knowledge gaps on their natural dynamics and development pathways. In northeastern North America, records and studies show that red spruce was once a common component of northern hardwoods in this region; however, historic selective harvesting has greatly reduced the preponderance of these mixedwood ecosystems. Given the narrow regeneration niche of red spruce and the various anthropogenic and natural disturbances that have reduced this species, significant challenges exist to the restoration of red spruce-northern hardwoods mixedwoods. To address this challenge, our study characterized the structure and composition of two old-growth mixedwoods stands, Township 40 of Adirondack Park in New York and the Bowl Natural Area of White Mountain National Forest in New Hampshire.We used dendroecological data from large, stem-mapped plots to reconstruct the natural disturbance pathways of these forests to inform techniques for restoring and sustaining red spruce-northern hardwood forests into the future. At Township 40, red spruce was the second most abundant species, occupied 58.1% of the dominant and codominant crown classes, and had an importance value (IV) of 22.5%. At the Bowl, red spruce was the most abundant species, occupied 81.4% of the dominant and codominant crown classes, and had an IV of 37.3%. Large trees (stems [greater than or equal to]50 cm DBH) made up 30-33% of the basal area at each site and were predominantly comprised of yellow birch and red spruce. Red spruce dominated the sapling layer (stems 2.54-9.9 cm DBH) at both sites. Snags (standing dead trees) and coarse woody material (CWM) were also abundant, with Township 40 having 237 snags/ha and average CWM volume of 94.5 m3/ha and the Bowl containing 110 snags/ha and average CWM volume of 99.1 m3/ha. There was no evidence of stand-replacing disturbance at either site. The mean decadal rate of canopy loss at both sites was 6.3% with decadal canopy loss

Book Stand Dynamics of the Spruce fir Forest in East Central Arizona

Download or read book Stand Dynamics of the Spruce fir Forest in East Central Arizona written by Pedro Moran-Palma and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book   coscience

    Book Details:
  • Author :
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 1994
  • ISBN :
  • Pages : 596 pages

Download or read book coscience written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Bibliography of Agriculture

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book CRREL Bibliography

Download or read book CRREL Bibliography written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Arctic  Antarctic  and Alpine Research

Download or read book Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Population Dynamics of White Spruce  Picea Glauca  at Its Southern Limit of Distribution in the Spruce Woods Provincial Park  Southwestern Manitoba

Download or read book The Population Dynamics of White Spruce Picea Glauca at Its Southern Limit of Distribution in the Spruce Woods Provincial Park Southwestern Manitoba written by Sophan Chhin and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London

Download or read book Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each issue of Transactions B is devoted to a specific area of the biological sciences, including clinical science. All papers are peer reviewed and edited to the highest standards. Published on the 29th of each month, Transactions B is essential reading for all biologists.

Book Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms  Volume 3 OECD Consensus Documents

Download or read book Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms Volume 3 OECD Consensus Documents written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11-09 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These OECD Biosafety Consensus Documents identify elements of scientific information used in the environmental safety and risk assessment of transgenic organisms which are common to OECD member countries and some non members associated with the work.