Download or read book The Oculomotor System of the Rabbit and Its Plasticity written by H. Collewijn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The invitation to contribute a volume to the series Studies in Brain Func tion offers me a welcome opportunity for a comprehensive presentation of my research on the eye movements of the rabbit, and for a review of the older results in the perspectives offered by the progress of my own work, but even more of the field in general. Characteristically this monograph em phasizes the views of the author, which may not always be generally accept ed. Although connections with the work by other investigators are discussed as much as possible, I have not attempted to be complete in reviewing all publications related to oculomotor function in the rabbit. While presenting an overview of current understanding of a system, it is always wise to trace the historical roots of our knowledge and concepts. On the one hand, we may find that many established concepts derive their strength more from convention and convenience than from rigorous evi dence. Such traditional ideas should be challenged by critical experiments, using the best available techniques. On the other hand, some of the older publications remain a source of inspiration, because they contain valid ideas which generate fruitful experiments even today. A remarkable example of this category is Ter Braak's work on optokinetic nystagmus, published in 1936.

Download or read book The Neurology of Eye Movements Text and CD ROM written by Departments of Neurology R. John Leigh Professor, Neuroscience Otolaryngology and Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University University Hospitals and Veterans Affairs Medical Center Cleveland Ohio and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1999-08-26 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Neurology of Eye Movements provides clinicians with a synthesis of current scientific information that can be applied to the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of ocular motility. Basic scientists will also benefit from descriptions of how data from anatomical, electrophysiological, pharmacological, and imaging studies can be directly applied to the study of disease. By critically reviewing such basic studies, the authors build a conceptual framework that can be applied to the interpretation of abnormal ocular motor behavior at the bedside. These syntheses are summarized in displays, new figures, schematics and tables. Early chapters discuss the visual need and neural basis for each functional class of eye movements. Two large chapters deal with the evaluation of double vision and systematically evaluate how many disorders of the central nervous system affect eye movements. This edition has been extensively rewritten, and contains many new figures and an up-to-date section on the treatment of abnormal eye movements such as nystagmus. A major innovation has been the development of an option to read the book from a compact disc, make use of hypertext links (which bridge basic science to clinical issues), and view the major disorders of eye movements in over 60 video clips. This volume will provide pertinent, up-to-date information to neurologists, neuroscientists, ophthalmologists, visual scientists, otalaryngologists, optometrists, biomedical engineers, and psychologists.

Download or read book Heredity and Visual Development written by Joel B. Sheffield and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The eye has fascinated scientists from the earliest days of biological in vestigation. The diversity of its parts and the precision of their interaction make it a favorite model system for a variety of developmental studies. The eye is a particularly valuable experimental system not only because its tissues provide examples of fundamental processes, but also because it is a prominent and easily accessible structure at very early embryonic ages. In order to provide an open forum for investigators working on all aspects of ocular development, a series of symposia on ocular and visual devel opment was initiated in 1973. A major objective of the symposia has been to foster communication between the basic research worker and the clinical It is our feeling that much can be learned on both sides from community. this interaction. The idea for an informal meeting allowing maximum ex change of ideas originated with Dr. Leon Candeub, who supplied the nec essary driving force that made the series a reality. Each symposium has on a different aspect of ocular development. Speakers have concentrated been selected to approach related topics from different perspectives.

Download or read book Visual Behavior in Salamanders written by Gerhard Roth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salamanders are subject to misconceptions even among vertebrate zoologists and physiologists. They are often said to exist only in northern temperate zones, being bound to aquatic or very moist cool habitats. In reality, more than half of all salamander species live in subtropical and tropical zones, ex clusively in the New World. Again, more than half of the salamand~r species have become totally independent of aquatic habitats following the loss of a free larval stage. Many of the subtropical and tropical salamanders have become adapted to rather high temperatures up to 26-28 DC. The brain and the sensory systems of salamanders are often considered to be primitive, and their behavior is thought to be simple and uninfluenced by learning. However, careful studies show that the salamander brain possesses virtually all the ana tomical and functional properties found in anurans, which are usually regarded as being much more evolved with respect to the guidance of comparable behavior. Most of the salamander species not only possess a highly efficient visual system, which is the topic of the present work, but can orient themselves almost as effectively by means of olfaction, vibration sense, and electroreception. Furthermore, it has recently been shown that at least part of their behavior, especially that concerned with feeding and prey preferences, is strongly influenced by individual experience.

Download or read book Current Catalog written by National Library of Medicine (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.

Download or read book Night Vision Current Research and Future Directions Symposium Proceedings written by Working Group on Night Vision and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1987-01-01 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book National Library of Medicine Current Catalog written by National Library of Medicine (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Visual Navigation written by Yiannis Aloimonos and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All biological systems with vision move about their environments and successfully perform many tasks. The same capabilities are needed in the world of robots. To that end, recent results in empirical fields that study insects and primates, as well as in theoretical and applied disciplines that design robots, have uncovered a number of the principles of navigation. To offer a unifying approach to the situation, this book brings together ideas from zoology, psychology, neurobiology, mathematics, geometry, computer science, and engineering. It contains theoretical developments that will be essential in future research on the topic -- especially new representations of space with less complexity than Euclidean representations possess. These representations allow biological and artificial systems to compute from images in order to successfully deal with their environments. In this book, the barriers between different disciplines have been smoothed and the workings of vision systems of biological organisms are made clear in computational terms to computer scientists and engineers. At the same time, fundamental principles arising from computational considerations are made clear both to empirical scientists and engineers. Empiricists can generate a number of hypotheses that they could then study through various experiments. Engineers can gain insight for designing robotic systems that perceive aspects of their environment. For the first time, readers will find: * the insect vision system presented in a way that can be understood by computational scientists working in computer vision and engineering; * three complete, working robotic navigation systems presented with all the issues related to their design analyzed in detail; * the beginning of a computational theory of direct perception, as advocated by Gibson, presented in detail with applications for a variety of problems; and * the idea that vision systems could compute space representations different from perfect metric descriptions -- and be used in robotic tasks -- advanced for both artificial and biological systems.

Download or read book Neural Computers written by Rolf Eckmiller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: the outcome of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) This book is held in Neuss (near Dusseldorf), Federal Republic of Germany from 28 September to 2 October, 1987. The workshop assembled some 50 invited experts from Europe, Ameri ca, and Japan representing the fields of Neuroscience, Computational Neuroscience, Cellular Automata, Artificial Intelligence, and Compu ter Design; more than 20 additional scientists from various countries attended as observers. The 50 contributions in this book cover a wide range of topics, including: Neural Network Architecture, Learning and Memory, Fault Tolerance, Pattern Recognition, and Motor Control in Brains versus Neural Computers. Twelve of these contributions are review papers. The readability of this book was enhanced by a number of measures: * The contributions are arranged in seven chapters. * A separate List of General References helps newcomers to this ra pidly growing field to find introductory books. * The Collection of References from all Contributions provides an alphabetical list of all references quoted in the individual con tributions. * Separate Reference Author and Subject Indices facilitate access to various details. Group Reports (following the seven chapters) summarize the discus sions regarding four specific topics relevant for the 'state of the art' in Neural Computers.

Download or read book Neurophysiological Aspects of Color Vision in Primates written by E. Zrenner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "To explain all nature is too difficult a task for anyone man or even for anyone age. Tis much better to do a little with certainty, and leave the rest for others that come after you, than to explain all things ... " Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) This book describes and discusses some new aspects of col or vision in primates which have emerged from a series of experiments conducted over the past 8 years both on single ganglion cells in monkey retina and on the visually evoked cortical potential in man: corresponding psychophysical mechanisms of human perception will be considered as well. An attempt will be made to better understand the basic mechanisms of color vision using a more comprehensive approach which takes into account new mechanisms found in single cells and relates them to those found valid for the entire visual system. The processing of color signals was followed up from the retina to the visual cortex and to the percepq.tal centers, as far as the available techniques permitted.

Download or read book Neuronal Operations in the Visual Cortex written by G.A. Orban and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The invitation by the editors of the series "studies of brain function" to contribute a monograph on the visual cortex gives me the opportunity to present in a concentrated manner much of the work I have done on the visual cortical areas of cat and monkey. However, the field of visual cortical physi ology is so active and so diverse that the presentation of only my own work would have given a very incomplete view of visual cortical functioning. Therefore this monograph also reviews most of the studies carried out on the subject in the last two decades. Where possible I have tried not only to describe the cortical machinery but also its possible functional purpose regarding vision. In doing this I have expressed my personal views rather than just reviewing the experimental facts. Much of the work presented in this monograph has been supported by the National Research Council of Belgium and the Research Council of the Catholic University of Leuven. I express my gratitude to them. I have en joyed collaborating in these studies with P. O. Bishop, H. Kato, H. Kennedy, K. P. Hoffmann, H. Maes, J. Duysens, E. Vandenbussche, and H. van der Glas. I am much indebted to all those who have commented on earlier versions of this monograph: J. Allman, H. Barlow, J. BuBier, M. Callens, J. Duysens, O. J. Griisser, P. Heggelund, H. Kennedy, L. C. Orban and L. Palmer.

Download or read book Information Processing Underlying Gaze Control written by J. M. Delgado-García and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information Processing Underlying Gaze Control covers the proceedings of the Satellite Workshop to the 16th European Neuroscience Association. The book presents materials concerning the computational properties of neuronal circuits underlying gaze control. The book contains 44 papers, which are organized into seven sections. The first section deals with the morphology and physiology of extraocular motor nuclei. Section II tackles the anatomo-functional organization of the saccadic system, and Section III covers the vestibular and otolithic systems. Section IV discusses the optokinetic and smooth pursuit systems, while Section V talks about other sensory systems involved in the control of oculomotor function. Section VI covers the role of cerebellum in the genesis and control of eye movements, and Section VII tackles the coordination of eye, head, and body movements. The text will be of great use to researchers who have an interest in gaze control.

Download or read book How Brain like is the Spinal Cord written by Uwe Windhorst and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Theorizing about brain functions is often considered slightly disreputable and anyhow a waste of time -perhaps even 'philoso- ical'" 1 P. S. CHURCHLAND At present there are no unanimously accepted general con cepts of brain operation and function. This is especially the case with regard to so-called "higher" functions such as per ception, memory or the coupling between sensory input and motor output. There are a number of different reasons for this. Some may be related to experimental limitations allowing the simultaneous recording of the activities of only a restricted number of neurones. But there are also conceptual difficulties hindering the transition from "single-neurone" schemes, in which neurones are assigned relatively specific tasks (such as feature detection), to more complex schemes of nerve cell as semblies (for a discussion of some of the difficulties see Abeles 1982; von der Malsburg 1981; Kriiger 1983). Whilst much is known about the basic properties and functions of single neu rones, whose operations we hope to understand in the foresee able future, this does not hold true in the same way for the working of large assemblies of neurones.

Download or read book David A Robinson s Modeling the Oculomotor Control System written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-01-22 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modelling: The Oculomotor Systems, Volume 269 in the Progress in Brain Research serial highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on topics including The function and phylogeny of eye movements, The behavior of motoneurons, Statics of plant mechanics, Dynamics of plant mechanics, The functional operation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, Basic framework of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, Oculomotor signals, Signal processing in the vestibulo-ocular reflex, Plasticity and repair of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, The behavior of the optokinetic system, Models of the optokinetic system, Neurophysiology of the optokinetic system, and much more. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in Progress in Brain Research serial - Includes the latest information on Modelling: The Oculomotor Systems

Download or read book The Correlative Brain written by Jos J. Eggermont and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is the result of a course given to graduate students and to the faculty of the Dept. of Medical Physics and Biophysics of Nijmegen University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, in the fall of 1984 and 1985. The course was intended to put together experi ment, theory, and analysis methods in order to study neural in teraction and coding in the brain. The following pages give a survey of neural interaction and its experimental substrate: cor related neural activity. The basic reason for restricting myself to vertebrate brains was to keep the material concise. As the text developed, however, it became more of a review, than a research monograph, in the attempt to balance theoretical and experimen tal aspects in brain research. Consequently, the book can be read from various points of view: that of requiring an overview of theories and theoretical principles, or an overview of experimental studies in neural interaction and the methods that can be used, or with the conviction that theory and experiment cannot be separat ed. In the latter case the book should be read from beginning to end. A way to read through the theoretical sections and the ex perimental sections of the book is presented in the following flow chart; Theory: /Chap. 2 -Chap. 4 -Chap. 5 ___ ~ Introduction -+ Chap. 1 \, Chap. 10 -+ Chap. 14 Experim~Chap. 3 -Chap. 6 -Chap. 7 -Chap. 8 ~ Chap.

Download or read book Neural Basis of Elementary Behavior in Stick Insects written by Ulrich Bässler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph represents the current status of neuro ethological research on the diurnal behavior of the stick in sect, Carausius morosus. The growing profusion of inter related studies, many of which are published only in German, makes an overview of this field increasingly difficult. Many stick insect results contribute to general problems like con trol of catalepsy, control of walking, program-dependent reactions and control of joint position. For this reason I decided to compile and synthesize the results that are pre sently available even though the analyses are far from con cluded. In addition to both published and unpublished results of the group in Kaiserslautern (Bassler, Cruse, Ebner, Graham, Pfluger, Storrer, as well as doctoral and masters students), I have drawn upon the literature which had ap peared as of summer 1981. This includes above all the work of Godden and of Wendler and his colleagues in Cologne. A summary of the anatomical and physiological background, necessary for an understanding of these investigations, is provided in an appendix (Chap. 6). Methodological details must be obtained from the original publications. Figures for which no source is given are from my own studies. I intend to update this monograph on an annual basis. Requests for these supplements should be directed to me in Kaiserslautern. I would like to express my appreciation to all members of the group in Kaiserslautern for their constructive discussions, their unflagging cooperation, and their permission to include hitherto unpublished results.

Download or read book The Parietal Cortex of Monkey and Man written by J. Hyvärinen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An invitation from the Editors to contribute to 'Studies of Brain Functions' with a monograph on the parietal lobe of fers me an opportunity to present in a concentrated form my studies on this part of the brain from a period of some what over a decade. The parietal lobe, notably its posterior part, is a very complex neural system whose functions I have been able to study only superficially and without ex tensive coverage of all its parts. Therefore I did not want to limit myself entirely to my own work but found the task of writing more interesti'ng by including sections reviewing rel evant literature. Thus Chapter III dealing with the primary somatosensory cortex and Chapters IX, X, and XI concerning area 7 describe work done in my laboratory. Chapter VIII describes microelectrode work on area 7 and covers both the work of my group and that of others working on this area. Chapters II and IV to VII are based on closely related anatomical, physiological and clinical studies performed by others, and Chapter XII is a personal attempt at a synthesis of the functions of the parietal lobe. Thus this monograph is neither a strict review of all important works on the parietal lobe nor is it limited only to my own studies and those of my collaborators. Instead it attempts to be a balanced ex position of both aspects promoting, hopefully, a synthetic view of the primate parietal lobe.