Download or read book The Nord Stream Gas Pipeline written by Mateusz Radomyski and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-05 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the planned natural gas pipeline from Russia to Germany through the Baltic Sea, known as Nord Stream. The analysis is performed in the context of unsecured and threatening gas prognosis for Europe. It is argued that while Russia consolidates its grip on gas through the planned Nord Stream pipeline, dependence on imported gas from Russia in the EU is continuously increasing. Despite statements by the Russian government that the Nord Stream pipeline is a purely commercial enterprise, convincing economical, political and ethical arguments were developed by Poland and the Baltic States that its real purpose is to exert political pressure on certain EU states. Conclusions are drawn that in order to oppose Russian gas strategy aiming at the EU s division, Europe needs to establish a coherent and effective energy policy which would enhance its international position. This analysis should help shed some light on the EU energy policy, and should be especially useful to researchers examining security of supply of gas in the EU.
Download or read book Russia s Nord Stream 2 Natural Gas Pipeline to Germany Halted IF11138 written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Bridge written by Thane Gustafson and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Europe and Russia are pushing against each other in a contest of economic doctrines and political ambitions, seemingly erasing the vision of cooperation that emerged from the end of the Cold War. Thane Gustafson argues that natural gas serves as a bridge over troubled geopolitical waters, uniting the region through common economic interests.
Download or read book German Foreign Economic Policy in the Tension Field of East and West written by Thomas Bernhardt and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-02-20 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nord Stream – a gas pipeline project situated in the Baltic Sea – has repeatedly attracted attention in public and political arena in recent years. The pipeline brings Russian gas directly to Germany and avoids transit states. The project was initiated by Chancellor Schröder and President Putin as well as several German and Russian energy companies in 2005. Two tubes have been operational since 2011 (Nord Stream 1). Two further tubes (Nord Stream 2) are now added, for which planning started in 2015 and completion is scheduled for 2019. The economic rationale of the pipeline is to reduce transportation costs, create capacities and avoid dependencies on transit states. This project is under intense debate for economic, political and security matters, whereby European and US stakeholders are participating in the discussion. At a time when the post-World War II order has come to an end and alliances are being reshaped, Nord Stream 2 evokes a fundamental international relations question: Has the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline project divided Germany from its traditional partners and allies in its Russia policy in the long term? This dissertation discusses and illustrates the considerable foreign policy impact of the Nord Stream 2 project on Germany’s international relations in above context and offers possible policy routes forward.
Download or read book The New Cold War written by Edward Lucas and published by St. Martin's Press. This book was released on 2014-07-29 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of The New Cold War was published to great critical acclaim. Edward Lucas has established himself as a top expert in the field, appearing on numerous programs, including Lou Dobbs, MSNBC, NBC Nightly News, CNN, and NPR. Since The New Cold War was first published in February 2008, Russia has become more authoritarian and corrupt, its institutions are weaker, and reforms have fizzled. In this revised and updated third edition, Lucas includes a new preface on the Crimean crisis, including analysis of the dismemberment of Ukraine, and a look at the devastating effects it may have from bloodshed to economic losses. Lucas reveals the asymmetrical relationship between Russia and the West, a result of the fact that Russia is prepared to use armed force whenever necessary, while the West is not. Hard-hitting and powerful, The New Cold War is a sobering look at Russia's current aggression and what it means for the world. This edition includes 30% updated material. It is also fully updated to include an incisive analysis of the Crimean crisis, from Russia's seizure of the region to the dismemberment of Ukraine.
Download or read book Nord Stream 2 written by Alan Riley and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nord Stream 2 pipeline, owned and operated by a rm whose majority stockholder is Russian state energy company Gazprom, has been one of the most contentious energy projects in recent years. Its supporters argue that the pipeline, which is to extend directly from Russia to Germany along the floor of the Baltic Sea, will bring needed gas supplies to Western Europe. Its opponents argue that the purpose of NS2 is primarily political – to undermine the European Union and give the Kremlin political leverage over those countries in Central and Eastern Europe which now derive revenues from gas transit fees. With the project now under way, CEPA guest contributor Alan Riley examines the legal thicket ahead.
Download or read book Germany s Russia Problem written by John Lough and published by Russian Strategy and Power. This book was released on 2022-10-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship between Germany and Russia is Europe's most important link with the largest country on the continent. This book analyses how successive German governments from 1991 to 2014 have misread Russian intentions, until Angela Merkel sharply recalibrated German and EU policy towards Moscow.
Download or read book The Eagle and the Trident written by Steven Pifer and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2017-07-11 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An insider’s account of the complex relations between the United States and post-Soviet Ukraine The Eagle and the Trident provides the first comprehensive account of the development of U.S. diplomatic relations with an independent Ukraine, covering the years 1992 through 2004 following the collapse of the Soviet Union. The United States devoted greater attention to Ukraine than any other post-Soviet state (except Russia) after the breakup of the Soviet Union. Steven Pifer, a career Foreign Service officer, worked on U.S.-Ukraine relations at the State Department and the White House during that period and also served as ambassador to Ukraine. With this volume he has written the definitive narrative of the ups and downs in the relationship between Washington and newly independent Ukraine. The relationship between the two countries moved from heady days in the mid- 1990s, when they declared a strategic partnership, to troubled times after 2002. During the period covered by the book, the United States generally succeeded in its major goals in Ukraine, notably the safe transfer of nearly 2,000 strategic nuclear weapons left there after the Soviet collapse. Washington also provided robust support for Ukraine’s effort to develop into a modern, democratic, market-oriented state. But these efforts aimed at reforming the state proved only modestly successful, leaving a nation that was not resilient enough to stand up to Russian aggression in Crimea in 2014. The author reflects on what worked and what did not work in the various U.S. approaches toward Ukraine. He also offers a practitioner’s recommendations for current U.S. policies in the context of ongoing uncertainty about the political stability of Ukraine and Russia’s long-term intentions toward its smaller but important neighbor.
Download or read book The Role of the Nord Stream Pipeline in the European Natural Gas Market written by Massimo Fiorin and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Asia s New Geopolitics written by Desmond Ball and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intensifying geopolitical rivalries, rising defence spending and the proliferation of the latest military technology across Asia suggest that the region is set for a prolonged period of strategic contestation. None of the three competing visions for the future of Asian order – a US-led ‘Free and Open Indo-Pacific’, a Chinese-centred order, or the ASEAN-inspired ‘Indo-Pacific Outlook’ – is likely to prevail in the short to medium term. In the absence of a new framework, the risk of open conflict is heightened, and along with it the need for effective mechanisms to maintain peace and stability. As Asia’s leaders seek to rebuild their economies and societies in the wake of COVID-19, they would do well to reflect upon the lessons offered by the pandemic and their applicability in the strategic realm. The societies that have navigated the crisis most effectively have been able to do so by putting in place stringent protective measures. Crisis-management and -avoidance mechanisms – and even, in the longer term, wider arms control – can be seen as the strategic equivalent of such measures, and as such they should be pursued with urgency in Asia to reduce the risks of an even greater calamity.
Download or read book Power Energy and the New Russian Imperialism written by Anita Orban and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2008-09-30 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Russia is the world's foremost energy superpower, rivaling Saudi Arabia as the world's largest oil producer and accounting for a quarter of the world's exports of natural gas. Russia's energy reserves account for half of the world's probable oil reserves and a third of the world's proven natural gas reserves. Whereas military might and nuclear weapons formed the core of Soviet cold war power, since 1991 the Russian state has viewed its monopolistic control of Russia's energy resources as the core of its power now and for the future. Since 2005, the international news has been filled with Russia's repeated demonstrations of its readiness to use price, transit fees, and supply of gas and oil exports as punitive policy instruments against recalcitrant states that were formerly part of the Soviet Union, striking in turn the Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, and Lithuania. Orban reveals for the first time in Power, Energy, and the New Russian Imperialism Russia's readiness to wield the same energy weapon against her neighbors on the west, all of them former Soviet satellite states but now EU and NATO member nations: the three Baltic nations and the five East European nations of Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovenia. Orban shows how the Kremlin since 1991 has systematically used Russian energy companies as players in a concerted neo-mercantilist, energy-based foreign policy designed to further Russia's neo-imperial ambitions among America's key allies in Central East Europe. Her unprecedented analysis is key to predicting Russia's strategic response to American negotiations with Poland and the Czech Republic to host the US missile shield. She also reveals the economic and diplomatic modus operandi by which Russia will increasingly apply its energy clout to shape and coerce the foreign policies of the West European members of the EU, as Russia's contribution to EU gas consumption increases from a quarter today to three-quarters by 2020. Orban proves that Russia's neo-mercantilist energy strategy in East Europe is not at all dependent on the person of Putin, but began under Yeltsin and continues under Medvedev, the former chairman of Gazprom.
Download or read book Nord Stream 2 written by Aleksandra Gawlikowska-Fyk and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the European Union faces a range of pressing challenges, there is one issue that merits special attention: the Russian gas pipeline running on the Baltic Sea seabed. Although it is often portrayed as “purely commercial”, the purpose of Nord Stream 2 is anything but that. It is intended to rewrite the politics of natural gas supply to Europe for years to come and to solidify Russia’s position on the EU gas market. Beyond economic and market considerations, a number of issues leave no doubt that the “blue fuel”, rather than becoming an increasingly tradable commodity, remains one of Russia’s principal instruments of pressure and coercion, both political and economic. It may seem that Nord Stream 2 (NS2)—the two additional strings of the direct gas pipeline between Germany and Russia—has already received sufficient coverage, both from expert and media circles. Still, the anticipated and much-hyped beginning of the construction phase of the pipeline and the mounting pressure on Gazprom to get it operational shed new light on old problems. The case for revisiting the arguments in the NS2 debate seems all the more compelling given that the completion of the project may not be a foregone conclusion, contrary to what the pipeline’s proponents and advocates claim. In fact, the opposite may be true, as new, unanswered questions are being raised. Apart from creating a record of the known issues,1 this paper will identify new ones that have not been addressed and yet are crucially important. However, the task of resolving the issues these questions raise will belong to the supporters of NS2.
Download or read book Berlin Calling written by Paul Hockenos and published by The New Press. This book was released on 2017-05-23 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exhilarating journey through the subcultures, occupied squats, and late-night scenes in the anarchic first few years of Berlin after the fall of the wall Berlin Calling is a gripping account of the 1989 "peaceful revolution" in East Germany that upended communism and the tumultuous years of artistic ferment, political improvisation, and pirate utopias that followed. It’s the story of a newly undivided Berlin when protest and punk rock, bohemia and direct democracy, techno and free theater were the order of the day. In a story stocked with fascinating characters from Berlin’s highly politicized undergrounds—including playwright Heiner Müller, cult figure Blixa Bargeld of the industrial band Einstürzende Neubauten, the internationally known French Wall artist Thierry Noir, the American multimedia artist Danielle de Picciotto (founder of Love Parade), and David Bowie during his Ziggy Stardust incarnation—Hockenos argues that the DIY energy and raw urban vibe of the early 1990s shaped the new Berlin and still pulses through the city today. Just as Mike Davis captured Los Angeles in his City of Quartz, Berlin Calling is a unique account of how Berlin became hip, and of why it continues to attract creative types from the world over.
Download or read book Energy Security in Europe A written by Rawi Abdelal and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Russian and German energy firms initiated the Nord Stream natural gas pipeline project with strong political support from their home governments but encountered resistance from other states. Although the pipeline would connect Russia with Germany directly, the project was not simply a bilateral matter. First, a need to secure construction permits in multiple jurisdictions around the Baltic Sea involved other countries. And second, Germany's membership in the European Union entailed compliance with goals and values of the entire union, which stressed the imperative of collective action in energy matters and dangers of succumbing to "national reflexes." Thus the implications of the project became a matter of concern to the entire European Union but Europeans struggled to articulate the meaning of Nord Stream: was it a "separate peace" between Russia and Germany to the detriment of the rest, or was it a pan-European deal to the benefit of all? As the case chronicles, the success of Nord Stream depended on the ability of its creators to ensure that latter view prevailed over the former.Learning Objective: To analyze the political, economic, and managerial implications of the natural gas trade between Russia and Europe; to explore alternate pipeline routes for the delivery of Russian natural gas.
Download or read book The New Geopolitics of Natural Gas written by Agnia Grigas and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover -- Title page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Introduction: A New Era of Gas -- 1. The Changing Global Gas Sector -- 2. The Politics and Commerce of American LNG Exports -- 3. The Politics of Supply: Russiaand Gazprom -- 4. The Politics of Dependence Transformed: Europe -- 5. The Politics of Transit: Ukraine and Belarus -- 6. The Politics of Isolated Suppliers: The Caucasus and Central Asia -- 7. The Politics of Demand: China and Beyond -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Acknowledgments -- Index
Download or read book Commercial Project Or Strategic Disorientation The Controversial Nord Stream 2 Gas Pipeline written by Frank Umbach and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Books Are Weapons written by Siobahn Doucette and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2018-03-07 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much attention has been given to the role of intellectual dissidents, labor, and religion in the historic overthrow of communism in Poland during the 1980s. Books Are Weapons presents the first English-language study of that which connected them—the press. Siobhan Doucette provides a comprehensive examination of the Polish opposition’s independent, often underground, press and its crucial role in the events leading to the historic Round Table and popular elections of 1989. While other studies have emphasized the role that the Solidarity movement played in bringing about civil society in 1980-1981, Doucette instead argues that the independent press was the essential binding element in the establishment of a true civil society during the mid- to late 1980s. Based on a thorough investigation of underground publications and interviews with important activists of the period from 1976 to 1989, Doucette shows how the independent press, rooted in the long Polish tradition of well-organized resistance to foreign occupation, reshaped this tradition to embrace nonviolent civil resistance while creating a network that evolved from a small group of dissidents into a broad opposition movement with cross-national ties and millions of sympathizers. It was the galvanizing force in the resistance to communism and the rebuilding of Poland’s democratic society.
