Download or read book The Nature Origin and Profound Implications of Irreversibility written by Russell Vaughan and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-08-19 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In addition to confusion with regard to exactly what entropy is, current scientific explanations of the associated irreversibility and the ineluctable increases in entropy are complicated, unsatisfactory, and completely incorrect. This problem is so impenetrable in fact that in over two centuries of notable attempts by the greatest scientific minds there has still been no explanation that is credible. The ubiquitous increases in entropy seem, however, to only affect the happenings at the macroscopic level of our everyday existence for which no process is completely reversible. Processes that are irreversible like those we witness every day with the naked eye are ipso facto those for which entropy is increased. But there has seemed to be no origin of this dire trend at the submicroscopic level where the answers to virtually all of the difficult problems of physics have been resolved. In resolving irreversibility at the submicroscopic level it has been necessary to augment Boltzmann's kinetic theory beyond two types of interaction and to more fully elaborate necessary constraints on the emission and absorption of radiation in Einstein's quantum theory of radiation. It is in the interactions between these domains where irreversibility enters. It has been incumbent upon us to close major loops left open by the scope of their analyses. Boltzmann could not have foreseen the impact of mediated interactions involving quantized photons, nor certainly relativistic effects. A comprehensive model has had to be developed to incorporate complimentary mechanical and radiational aspects of a thermodynamic system. The mediated interactions between molecules that do not involve direct collisions always reduce the relative velocity of the interacting molecules, which is very entropic behavior. In this way, individual submicroscopic processes 'use up' otherwise useful energy and increase entropy even at the submicroscopic level. Yet another form of interaction involving both radiational and particulate dynamics is the scattering of radiation by arrays of charges within a thermodynamic system. 'Forward' scattering in particular has traditionally been considered to involve conservative forces that do not alter the energetics of either the ensemble of particles or the radiation field. We show that this too is an over simplification whose correction has profound consequences of irreversible behavior, producing what have been considered 'cosmological' effects. The major loops that must be closed in this regard involve the origin of the ubiquitous hydrogenous intergalactic plasma with 24% helium by weight and the supposed disappearance of mass (and information) in black holes. There is increasing evidence that black holes do indeed errupt spewing forth hydrogenous plasma to again produce the 24% helium in generating the gamma radiation that after prolonged redshifting caused by irreversible scattering becomes the microwave background radiation. The blackbody temperature of a redshifting medium does not reflect the kinetic temperature of the particulate matter by which that radiation is scattered.
Download or read book Mystery Of Time The Asymmetry Of Time And Irreversibility In The Natural Processes written by Alexander Leonidovich Kuzemsky and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2022-10-14 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on the study of the temporal behavior of complex many-particle systems. The phenomenon of time and its role in the temporal evolution of complex systems is a remaining mystery. The book presents the necessity of the interdisciplinary point of view regarding on the phenomenon of time.The aim of the present study is to summarize and formulate in a concise but clear form the trends and approaches to the concept of time from a broad interdisciplinary perspective exposing tersely the complementary approaches and theories of time in the context of thermodynamics, statistical physics, cosmology, theory of information, biology and biophysics, including the problem of time and aging. Various approaches to the problem show that time is an extraordinarily interdisciplinary and multifaceted underlying notion which plays an extremely important role in various natural complex processes.
Download or read book Thermodynamics of Natural Systems written by Greg Anderson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully updated, this streamlined new textbook is an accessible introduction to thermodynamics for Earth and environmental scientists, emphasising real-world problems.
Download or read book Direction of Time written by Sergio Albeverio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-09 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book presents the problems of time and direction from an interdisciplinary point of view, concentrating in particular on the following relations: • Time and physics • Time, philosophy and psychology • Time, mathematics and information theory It is a unique contribution by philosophers and scientists who are active in mathematics, physics, biology, engineering, information theory and psychology. Questions such as the existence of a Big Bang, the neurobiological basis regarding the coexistence of free will and determinism, intercultural aspects of time, mathematical models of time, psychopathological features of time, and micro reversibility versus macroscopic irreversibility are studied. It also provides a truly interdisciplinary study of the problematic 'arrow of time'.
Download or read book Conservation and Environmentalism written by Robert Paehlke and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1995 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Focusing on problems and solutions, this authoritative reference work covers all aspects of the environment, from the Everglades to the Himalayas, from legislation in Australia to pollution problems in Eastern Europe, from tropical rain forests to the Porcupine Caribou herd of the Alaskan and Canadian Arctic." "Some of the best-known environmental professionals from 14 countries around the world have written original articles for this multidisciplinary Encyclopedia, including Norman Myers, Eugene C. Hargrove, Reed F. Noss, Max Oelschlaeger, J. Baird Callicott, George Sessions, M. S. Swaminathan, Gilbert F. White, Michael E. Kraft, Michael P. Cohen, Paul Ekins, and many others."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Download or read book Principles of Environmental Economics and Sustainability written by Ahmed M. Hussen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text offers a systematic exposition of environmental and natural resource economics. It considers a variety of real world examples to illustrate the policy relevance and implications of key economic and ecological concepts.
Download or read book Nature and Psychology written by Anne R. Schutte and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-23 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is comprised of contributions to the 67th Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, which brought together various research disciplines such as psychology, education, health sciences, natural resources, environmental studies to investigate the ways in which nature influences cognition, health, human behavior, and well-being. The symposium is positioned to explore two proposed mechanisms in the most depth: 1) the psycho-evolutionary theory of stress recovery and 2) Attention Restoration Theory. The contributions in the volume represent research guided by both of these posited mechanisms, rigorously examine these theories and processes, and share methodological innovations that can be utilized across programs of research. This volume will be of great interest to researchers on natural environments, practitioners and clinicians working with an environmental lens at the intersection of psychology, social work, education and the health sciences, as well as researchers and students in environmental and conservation psychology. Chapter 5 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book On Care for Our Common Home Laudato Si written by Pope Francis and published by Orbis Books. This book was released on 2016-03-08 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brings together the full text of Laudato Si'with reflections by Sean McDonagh, one of the foremost Catholic proponents of ecological awareness. In addition to an overview of the history of Catholic teaching and the environment, he elaborates on several of the specific themes in the encyclical including climate change, biodiversity, water scarcity, the threats to the ocean, and the crisis of food. He concludes with prescriptions about what must be done to turn the vision of Pope Francis into a program of effective action. Each of us has a role to play. As Pope Francis observes, "All it takes is one good person to restore hope."
Download or read book The Earth in Transition written by G. M. Woodwell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A group of outstanding environmental scientists has compiled a collection of case studies that illustrate the changes being wrought on the biosphere by the human presence.
Download or read book The Cambridge Companion to Edward Gibbon written by Karen O'Brien and published by . This book was released on 2018-06-21 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an accessible overview of the achievement of Edward Gibbon (1737-94), one of the world's greatest historians.
Download or read book Is Inequality in America Irreversible written by Chuck Collins and published by Polity. This book was released on 2018-05-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are living in a time of extreme inequality: America’s three richest people now own as much wealth as the bottom half of the population. Although most accept that this is grotesque, many politicians accept it as irreversible. In this book, leading US researcher and activist Chuck Collins succinctly diagnoses the drivers of rampant inequality, arguing that such disparities have their roots in 40 years of the powerful rigging the system in their favor. He proposes a far-reaching policy agenda, analyzes the barriers to progress, and shows how transformative local campaigns can become a national movement for change. This book is a powerful analysis of how the plutocracy sold us a toxic lie, and what we can do to reverse inequality.
Download or read book Nature written by Sir Norman Lockyer and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Thermomechanics of Nonlinear Irreversible Behaviors written by Grard A. Maugin and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1999 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this invaluable book, macroscopic irreversible thermodynamics is presented in its realm and its splendor by appealing to the notion of internal variables of state. This applies to both fluids and solids with or without microstructures of mechanical or electromagnetic origin. This unmatched richness of essentially nonlinear behaviors is the result of the use of modern mathematical techniques such as convex analysis in a clear-cut framework which allows one to put under the umbrella of ?irreversible thermodynamics? behaviors which until now have been commonly considered either not easily covered, or even impossible to incorporate into such a framework.The book is intended for all students and researchers whose main concern is the rational modeling of complex and/or new materials with physical and engineering applications, such as those accounting for coupled-field, hysteresis, fracture, nonlinear-diffusion, and phase-transformation phenomena.
Download or read book Irreversible Phenomena and Dynamical Systems Analysis in Geosciences written by Grégoire Nicolis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Crete, Greece, July 14-24, 1985
Download or read book Earth System History and Natural Variability Volume I written by Vaclav Cilek and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2009-07-15 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earth System: History and Natural Variability theme is a component of Encyclopedia of Natural Resources Policy and Management, in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme on Earth System: History and Natural Variability with contributions from distinguished experts in the field, presents a description of the cosmic environment around our planet influencing the Earth in a number of ways through variation of solar energy or meteorite impacts. The structure of the Earth and its rocks, waters and atmosphere is described. The Theme focuses on geological and evolutionary processes through the history of Earth's epochs and biomes since the Early Earth to the Quaternary. The unifying processes between the Earth's life and its rocks, waters and atmosphere are global natural cycles of carbon, sulfur and other elements that connect and influence the rate of geological processes, climate change, biological evolution and human economy. These five volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.
Download or read book The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Download or read book Human origin sites and the World Heritage Convention in the Americas volume I written by UNESCO Office Mexico and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2015-12-31 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
