Download or read book The Nature and Use of Reading Tests written by Arthur Edwin Traxler and published by . This book was released on 1939 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Knowing What Students Know written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-10-27 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education is a hot topic. From the stage of presidential debates to tonight's dinner table, it is an issue that most Americans are deeply concerned about. While there are many strategies for improving the educational process, we need a way to find out what works and what doesn't work as well. Educational assessment seeks to determine just how well students are learning and is an integral part of our quest for improved education. The nation is pinning greater expectations on educational assessment than ever before. We look to these assessment tools when documenting whether students and institutions are truly meeting education goals. But we must stop and ask a crucial question: What kind of assessment is most effective? At a time when traditional testing is subject to increasing criticism, research suggests that new, exciting approaches to assessment may be on the horizon. Advances in the sciences of how people learn and how to measure such learning offer the hope of developing new kinds of assessments-assessments that help students succeed in school by making as clear as possible the nature of their accomplishments and the progress of their learning. Knowing What Students Know essentially explains how expanding knowledge in the scientific fields of human learning and educational measurement can form the foundations of an improved approach to assessment. These advances suggest ways that the targets of assessment-what students know and how well they know it-as well as the methods used to make inferences about student learning can be made more valid and instructionally useful. Principles for designing and using these new kinds of assessments are presented, and examples are used to illustrate the principles. Implications for policy, practice, and research are also explored. With the promise of a productive research-based approach to assessment of student learning, Knowing What Students Know will be important to education administrators, assessment designers, teachers and teacher educators, and education advocates.
Download or read book Standards for the Assessment of Reading and Writing written by IRA/NCTE Joint Task Force on Assessment and published by International Reading Assoc.. This book was released on 2009-12-03 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With this updated document, IRA and NCTE reaffirm their position that the primary purpose of assessment must be to improve teaching and learning for all students. Eleven core standards are presented and explained, and a helpful glossary makes this document suitable not only for educators but for parents, policymakers, school board members, and other stakeholders. Case studies of large-scale national tests and smaller scale classroom assessments (particularly in the context of RTI, or Response to Intervention) are used to highlight how assessments in use today do or do not meet the standards.
Download or read book The Science of Reading written by Margaret J. Snowling and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Science of Reading: A Handbook brings together state-of-the-art reviews of reading research from leading names in the field, to create a highly authoritative, multidisciplinary overview of contemporary knowledge about reading and related skills. Provides comprehensive coverage of the subject, including theoretical approaches, reading processes, stage models of reading, cross-linguistic studies of reading, reading difficulties, the biology of reading, and reading instruction Divided into seven sections:Word Recognition Processes in Reading; Learning to Read and Spell; Reading Comprehension; Reading in Different Languages; Disorders of Reading and Spelling; Biological Bases of Reading; Teaching Reading Edited by well-respected senior figures in the field
Download or read book Handbook of Reading Assessment written by Sherry Mee Bell and published by Allyn & Bacon. This book was released on 2008 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive, readable, and filled with numerous authentic examples, The Handbook of Reading Assessment addresses the continuum of reading assessments from informal, classroom-based to high-stakes formal testing. This book is unique in its comprehensive, balanced, and timely coverage of key issues and challenges in assessment of reading. Designed for use by advanced undergraduates and graduates in general education, reading education, special education, and school psychology, this much-needed resource addresses the wide range of reading assessments educators must be able to use and understand to effectively assess, instruct, and to communicate across disciplines. Separate chapters focus on informal classroom based assessment, progress monitoring, individual norm-referenced assessment, and group norm-referenced or 'high-stakes' testing. Each of these chapters concludes with useful tables listing some of the most commonly used assessments and their psychometric properties.
Download or read book Children s Reading Comprehension and Assessment written by Scott G. Paris and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-03-23 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume identifies critical issues and cutting-edge research in assessing children's reading comprehension.
Download or read book Reading Comprehension Difficulties written by Cesare Cornoldi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-04-03 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognizing the characteristics of children with learning disabilities and deciding how to help them is a problem faced by schools all over the world. Although some disorders are fairly easily recognizable (e.g., mental retardation) or very specific to single components of performance and quite rare (e.g., developmental dyscalculia), schools must consider much larger populations of children with learning difficulties who cannot always be readily classified. These children present high-level learning difficulties that affect their performance on a variety of school tasks, but the underlying problem is often their difficulty in understanding written text. In many instances, despite good intellectual abilities and a superficial ability to cope with written texts and to use language appropriately, some children do not seem to grasp the most important elements, or cannot find the pieces of information they are looking for. Sometimes these difficulties are not immediately detected by the teacher in the early school years. They may be hidden because the most obvious early indicators of reading progress in the teacher's eyes do not involve comprehension of written texts or because the first texts a child encounters are quite simple and reflect only the difficulty level of the oral messages (sentences, short stories, etc.) with which the child is already familiar. However, as years go by and texts get more complex, comprehension difficulties will become increasingly apparent and increasingly detrimental to effective school learning. In turn, studying, assimilating new information, and many other situations requiring text comprehension -- from problem solving to reasoning with linguistic contents -- could be affected. Problems with decoding, dyslexia, and language disorders have attracted more interest from researchers than have specific comprehension problems and have occupied more room in specialized journals. Normal reading comprehension has also been a favorite with researchers. However, scarce interest has been paid to subjects who have comprehension difficulties. This book is an attempt to remedy this situation. In so doing, this volume answers the following questions: * Does a reading comprehension problem exist in schools? * How important and widespread is the problem? * Is the problem specific? * How can a reading comprehension difficulty be defined and identified? * Does the "syndrome" have a single pattern or can different subtypes be identified? * What are the main characteristics associated with a reading comprehension difficulty? * When can other well-identified problems add to our understanding of reading comprehension difficulties? * Which educational strategies are effective in preventing and treating reading comprehension difficulties? * What supplementary information can we get from an international perspective?
Download or read book The Nature of Children s Motivations for Reading and Their Relations to Reading Frequency and Reading Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essentials of Assessing Preventing and Overcoming Reading Difficulties written by David A. Kilpatrick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-08-10 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practical, effective, evidence-based reading interventions that change students' lives Essentials of Understanding and Assessing Reading Difficulties is a practical, accessible, in-depth guide to reading assessment and intervention. It provides a detailed discussion of the nature and causes of reading difficulties, which will help develop the knowledge and confidence needed to accurately assess why a student is struggling. Readers will learn a framework for organizing testing results from current assessment batteries such as the WJ-IV, KTEA-3, and CTOPP-2. Case studies illustrate each of the concepts covered. A thorough discussion is provided on the assessment of phonics skills, phonological awareness, word recognition, reading fluency, and reading comprehension. Formatted for easy reading as well as quick reference, the text includes bullet points, icons, callout boxes, and other design elements to call attention to important information. Although a substantial amount of research has shown that most reading difficulties can be prevented or corrected, standard reading remediation efforts have proven largely ineffective. School psychologists are routinely called upon to evaluate students with reading difficulties and to make recommendations to address such difficulties. This book provides an overview of the best assessment and intervention techniques, backed by the most current research findings. Bridge the gap between research and practice Accurately assess the reason(s) why a student struggles in reading Improve reading skills using the most highly effective evidence-based techniques Reading may well be the most important thing students are taught during their school careers. It is a skill they will use every day of their lives; one that will dictate, in part, later life success. Struggling students need help now, and Essentials of Understanding and Assessing Reading Difficulties shows how to get these students on track.
Download or read book Reading Its Nature and Development written by Charles Hubbard Judd and published by . This book was released on 1918 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A report on the use of some standard tests for 1916 written by Wisconsin. Dept. of Public Instruction and published by . This book was released on 1918 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigating the Relationships Between a Reading Test and Can do Statements of Performance on Reading Tasks written by Hsin-min Liu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the fundamental problems in language testing is the lack of adequate generalizability between what a test is measuring and what fulfills the learners' real world language use needs. It is important to recognize that no matter how precise a test measures a construct, if the way that a construct is defined and the way that test tasks are specified do not correspond to the domain of generalization in a meaningful way, test scores may never become adequate indicators of what learners can do with English in real life. This study investigated constructs and tasks of the General English Proficiency Test (GEPT) high-intermediate reading test to explicate the issues involved in generalizing test scores to non-test situations. The study identified and demonstrated quantitatively and qualitatively the way and extent to which two distinct ways of conceptualizing reading constructs, the trait/curriculum-based and the task/domain-based approaches, could lead to divergent construct specifications, difficulty levels, item/text characteristics, and underlying factor structures, using approaches of expert judgments and confirmatory factor analysis. A total of 242 university students and six trained raters participated in the study. All the participants took the GEPT reading test and a task-based reading test developed based on the can-do statements in the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) and its designated Target Language Use (TLU) domains. It was found that when items are more task-based and workplace specific, the less similarity they share with trait/curriculum based test items. The nature and the constituents of the reading comprehension construct shift. Not only do task-based and workplace specific items require a significantly higher amount of complex propositional content to be interpreted rather than recognized, they also demand a wider range and extent of language abilities (ideational, functional, and sociolinguistic) and strategic competence when making such interpretations in relation to context. Among all the combinations of language abilities, that of manipulative function and strategic demand appear to have the most effect on the complexity of reading construct. The ability to comprehend texts then is different from the ability to comprehend texts in context. The very nature of contextualization changes the nature and constituents of the comprehension construct. Using Bachman and Palmer's (2010) Assessment Use Argument (AUA) framework, this study strongly suggests that the GEPT is not as meaningful or generalizable as the Language Training and Testing Center (LTTC) claims it is. GEPT test scores do not provide stakeholders with sufficient information about the ability to be assessed in the TLU domain, and the GEPT tasks do not have a sufficient degree of correspondence to the TLU tasks. Due to inadequate sampling of the target constructs and its task characteristics, GEPT test scores do not appear to generalize to performance in the target domain.
Download or read book Reading Fluency written by Timothy Rasinski and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reading fluency has been identified as a key component of proficient reading. Research has consistently demonstrated significant and substantial correlations between reading fluency and overall reading achievement. Despite the great potential for fluency to have a significant outcome on students’ reading achievement, it continues to be not well understood by teachers, school administrators and policy makers. The chapters in this volume examine reading fluency from a variety of perspectives. The initial chapter sketches the history of fluency as a literacy instruction component. Following chapters examine recent studies and approaches to reading fluency, followed by chapters that explore actual fluency instruction models and the impact of fluency instruction. Assessment of reading fluency is critical for monitoring progress and identifying students in need of intervention. Two articles on assessment, one focused on word recognition and the other on prosody, expand our understanding of fluency measurement. Finally, a study from Turkey explores the relationship of various reading competencies, including fluency, in an integrated model of reading. Our hope for this volume is that it may spark a renewed interest in research into reading fluency and fluency instruction and move toward making fluency instruction an even more integral part of all literacy instruction.
Download or read book College Success written by Amy Baldwin and published by . This book was released on 2020-03 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book From Testing to Assessment written by Clifford Hill and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-09-19 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Testing to Assessment: English as an International Language provides a critical review of conventional and alternative approaches to the assessment of English literacy skills in various parts of the world. It presents empirical studies conducted in three major settings: in countries such as Japan and Brazil where English functions as the language of international commernce; in multilingual countries such as Nigeria and Zimbabwe where English is the national language of education and government; and in such countries as Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States where English is the dominant language. The book opens with a discussion of language assessment in relation to debates about the nature of literacy; it concludes with a discussion of policy implications, which is grounded in literacy theory as well as in practical constraints such as available human and material resources.
Download or read book Teaching Readers Not Reading written by Peter Afflerbach and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2021-11-20 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reading instruction is too often grounded in a narrowly defined "science of reading" that focuses exclusively on cognitive skills and strategies. Yet cognition is just one aspect of reading development. This book guides K–8 educators to understand and address other scientifically supported factors that influence each student's literacy learning, including metacognition, motivation and engagement, social–emotional learning, self-efficacy, and more. Peter Afflerbach uses classroom vignettes to illustrate the broad-based nature of student readers’ growth, and provides concrete suggestions for instruction and assessment. The book's utility is enhanced by end-of-chapter review questions and activities and a reproducible tool, the Healthy Readers Profile, which can be downloaded and printed in a convenient 8 1/2" x 11" size.
Download or read book Literacy Language and Learning The Nature and Consequences of Reading and Writing written by David R. Olson and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1985-04-26 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Literacy is an important concern of contemporary societies. This book offers a comprehensive survey of recent efforts to understand the nature of written language and its role in cognition and in social and intellectual life. The authors represent a wide range of disciplines - cognitive psychology, linguistics, anthropology, sociology, education, history and philosophy - and address a wide range of questions. Is literacy a decisive factor in historical and cultural change? Does it alter the mental and social lives of individuals? If so how and via what mechanisms? Does learning to read and write change children's speech, thought or orientation to language? What are children and adults learning when they acquire literate skills? Are there differences - linguistic, psychological and functional - between speaking and writing? And are there differences between oral and written languages?
