Download or read book The Muslim Women Protection of Rights on Marriage Bill 2019 written by Salim Khan Anmol and published by Sakha Global Books, Inc.. This book was released on 2022-08-15 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Bill 2019; New English Latest Edition Marriage is said to be the union of two people and is seen as the purest and oldest institution in India. The object of marriage for every religion is different. For example, marriage in Hindus is considered to be a ‘dharma’, but every religion places an obligation to get married for some or other reason. Where marriages among Hindus are considered a sacred institution, marriage among Muslims is seen as a contract. Unlike Hindu Law, Mohamedan Law, or Muslim Law is not codified. This leads to chaos and confusion regarding the various ceremonies and authenticity of various things related to marriage, like consent, age, divorce, maintenance, etc. In order to deal with different problems that arose due to the non-codification of Muslim law, the parliament passed various acts. The article explains all these acts and their important provisions. It also describes the nature and essential conditions of a Muslim marriage. Nature of Muslim marriage Marriage in Muslim law is known as Nikah. It is an Arabic word which means “union of two people”. Baillie’s Digest defines Muslim marriage as a contract done to legalise sexual relationships and the procreation of children, while on the other hand, in Hedaya (a guide or commentary on Islamic Law), nikah means carnal conjunction in its primitive sense. As said by the Prophet of Islam, marriage is his sunna (practices of the Prophet Muhammad) and his followers must obey his practices and follow them properly. When we talk about the nature of Muslim marriage, a question that always arises is whether it is a sacrament or a contract. Some jurists opined that marriage in Muslims is a civil contract while others argue that it has a sacrament attached to itself. Thus, while studying the nature of Muslim marriage, three different aspects are taken into consideration. These are: Legal aspect Social aspect Religious aspect Legal aspect of Muslim marriage The legal aspect says that among Muslims, marriage is a civil contract because it has similar characteristics to a contract. These are: Like a contract, there is a proposal i.e., Ijab by one party and acceptance i.e., Qubul by the other party. In a contract-free consent plays an important role. Similarly, there can be no marriage without the consent of the parties, and such consent must not be obtained through fraud, coercion, force or undue influence. If a minor is married by their guardians, then the minor has a right to repudiate the marriage on attaining the age of majority, which is the same as the age of puberty in Muslims. This option of puberty is also known as khyar-ul-bulugh. Similarly, a contract entered into by a guardian on behalf of a minor can be set aside or controlled by him on attaining a majority. The parties to a marriage are allowed to enter into any kind of ante-nuptial or post-nuptial agreement if it is enforceable by law. The only condition is that it must be reasonable and not contrary to their religion. The terms of marriage in the nikahnama can be altered according to the wishes of the bride and groom, but it must be within the limits of the law. In the case of Abdul Kadir v. Salima (1886), it was held that Muslim marriage is a contract and not a sacrament.
Download or read book The Asian Yearbook of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law written by Javaid Rehman and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-08-09 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Asian Yearbook of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law aims to publish peer-reviewed scholarly articles and reviews as well as significant developments in human rights and humanitarian law. It examines international human rights and humanitarian law with a global reach, though its particular focus is on the Asian region. The focused theme of Volume 5 is Law, Culture and Human Rights in Asia and the Middle East.
Download or read book Divorce and Democracy written by Saumya Saxena and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-08-25 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on author's thesis (doctoral -- University of Cambridge, 2017) issued under title: Politics of personal law in post-independence India c.1946-2007.
Download or read book Mutinies for Equality written by Tanja Herklotz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-05-31 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book studies recent transformations in the area of law and gender in modern India. It tackles legal and social developments with regard to family life, sexuality, motherhood, surrogacy, erotic labour, sexual harassment in the workplace and violence against women, among others. It analyses reform efforts towards women's and LGBTIQ rights and attempts to situate where a reform has taken place, by whom it was brought about, and what impact it has had on society. It engages with protagonists who shape the debate around law and gender and locate their efforts into a socio-political context, thereby showing that the discourses around law and gender are closely connected to broader debates around pluralism, secularism and religion, identity, culture, nationalism, and family. The book offers compelling evidence that the drivers of change are emerging from beyond the traditional institutions of courts and parliament, and that to understand the everyday implications of gender based reform, it is important to look beyond only these institutional sources.
Download or read book Lives of Muslims in India written by Abdul Shaban and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2018-01-10 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fast-consolidating identities along religious and ethnic lines in recent years have considerably ‘minoritised’ Muslims in India. The wide-ranging essays in this volume focus on the intensified exclusionary practices against Indian Muslims, highlighting how, amidst a politics of violence, confusing policy frameworks on caste and class lines, and institutionalised riot systems, the community has also suffered from the lack of leadership from within. At the same time, Indian Muslims have emerged as a ‘mass’ around which the politics of ‘vote bank’, ‘appeasement’, ‘foreigners’, ‘Pakistanis within the country’, and so on are innovated and played upon, making them further apprehensive about asserting their legitimate right to development. The important issues of the double marginalisation of Muslim women and attempts to reform the Muslim Personal Law by some civil society groups is also discussed. Contributed by academics, activists and journalists, the articles discuss issues of integration, exclusion and violence, and attempt to understand categories such as ‘identity’, ‘minority’, ‘multiculturalism’ and ‘nationalism’ with regard to and in the context of Indian Muslims. This second edition, with a new introduction, will be of great interest to scholars and researchers in sociology, politics, history, cultural studies, minority studies, Islamic studies, policy studies and development studies, as well as policymakers, civil society activists and those in media and journalism.
Download or read book Women s Human Rights in India written by Christine Forster and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2019-08-28 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on women’s human rights in India. Drawing on case studies, it provides a clear overview of the key sources on gender and rights in the country. Further, it contextualizes women’s rights at the critical intersection of caste, religion and class, and analyses barriers to the realization of women’s human rights in practice. It also develops strategies for moving forward towards greater recognition, protection, promotion and fulfilment of women’s human rights in India. Drawing on critical pedagogical tools to analyse groundbreaking court cases, this book will be a key text in human rights studies. It will be indispensable to students, scholars and researchers of gender studies, sociology, law and human rights.
Download or read book Key Directions in Legal Education written by Emma Jones and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-02-05 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key Directions in Legal Education identifies and explores key contemporary and emerging themes that are significant and heavily debated within legal education from both UK and international perspectives. It provides a rich comparative dialogue and insights into the current and future directions of legal education. The book discusses in detail topics including the pressures on law schools exerted by external stakeholders, the fostering of interdisciplinary approaches and collaboration within legal education and the evolution of discourses around teaching and learning legal skills. It elaborates on the continuing development of clinical legal education as a component of the law degree and the emergence and use of innovative technologies within law teaching. The approach of pairing UK and international authors to obtain comparative insights and analysis on a range of key themes is original and provides both a genuine comparative dialogue and a clear international focus. This book will be of great interest for researchers, academics and post-graduate students in the field of law and legal pedagogy.
Download or read book Indian Constitutional Law written by Dr. Suresh Kumar Agarwal and published by Academic Guru Publishing House. This book was released on 2023-07-26 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Indian Constitution is the country's primary and highest legislation. It outlines the basic structures of the Indian government, including its guiding principles, the laws that govern it, and the authorities it is vested with. The rights and responsibilities of its residents are spelled out in detail. It has the longest constitution in the world. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the committee's chairman and a primary architect of the Indian Constitution, penned the document's bulk. On December 9th, 1946, Constituent Assembly convened for the first time. On December 11, Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the permanent chairman of "India's sovereign constituent assembly". The Indian Constitution gives constitutional primacy instead of parliamentary supremacy since it was formed by the Constituent Assembly and not the Parliament. In force since January 26, 1950, it was adopted by the "Indian Constituent Assembly" on November 26, 1949. After the "Government of India Act" of 1935 was replaced by the Indian Constitution, the Dominion of India became the Republic of India. The Indian Constitution's opening prologue is included. This introductory section of our Constitution serves as a compass for all Americans. Freedom, justice, and equality are promised to the people of India, who live under a secular, socialist, democratic government in this document. It was during the 1976 Emergency that the prologue was changed to incorporate the words "socialist" and "secular."
Download or read book Triple Talaq written by Salman Khurshid and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-25 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Triple talaq, or talaq-e-bidat, is one of the most debated issues in the Muslim world. From antiquity, the Muslim faith has been plagued by the portrayal of Muslim men regularly misusing this perceived “right” to divorce their wives instantly by simply uttering “talaq” thrice. The Supreme Court of India, in the landmark judgment of Shayara Bano v. Union of India, has taken the step to declare this form of talaq unconstitutional and to strike down its practice. In Triple Talaq: Examining Faith, Salman Khurshid, who intervened to offer the court an amicus brief in the “Triple Talaq case”, offers a straightforward yet comprehensive overview of this complicated issue. Explaining the reasons behind the court’s decision, he dives deep into other aspects of this practice: why it is wrong; why it has thrived; what was the judicial history of this issue; what the Quran and Muslim religious leaders say about it; and what the comparative practices in other countries are. A handy guide to this landmark decision and what it means for Muslims in India, this book is written not just for the theologian, but also for the common reader.
Download or read book IAS Mains Paper 1 Indian Heritage Culture History Geography of the world Society 2021 written by Janmenjay Sahni and published by Arihant Publications India limited. This book was released on 2020-10-01 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Indianness of Indian Muslim written by Dr. Shujaat Ali Quadri & P. Faziluddin and published by Blue Rose Publishers. This book was released on 2023-08-25 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an attempt to discuss what is the place of Islam in India. What are the status and opportunities of Muslims in India and also what is the Indian form of Islam? Many important issues have been raised in the book, as well as the status of Muslims in government schemes and programs has been assessed. The book also tries to find out the size of the problems of Indian Muslims and how they can be resolved. Terrorism has been mentioned in many places in the book, which is an attempt to clarify that Indian Muslims are not intolerant by their nature but external forces want them to live in a state of isolation in the country. This is the reason why an attempt has been made to understand the situation in Kashmir as well. This book is dedicated to all those readers who want to understand Indian Islam from a new but established point of view.
Download or read book Social Movements in Contemporary India written by Krishna Menon and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-11-01 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book delves into the concept and definition of social movements from different perspectives with relevance to India. It offers critical insight into the fundamental and ongoing debates and treatises around the struggle for rights and welfare. The book covers discussions on a wide range of movements varying in locus and spatial spread – from movements that highlight environmental issues to those that articulate the voices of women, Dalits, the queer community, persons with disabilities, and farmers. It explores the origins of people’s movements, what a collective is and how communities mobilize and organize. The authors also provide a history of the key social movements in India, examining the social, political, and cultural contexts in which they were born and continue being relevant in contemporary India. This revised and updated edition is an essential volume for students and researchers of social movement studies, sociology, political science and history, protest movements, sociological theory, the history of sociological thought, contemporary social theory, social policy, and international and globalization studies.
Download or read book Gender in South Asia And Beyond written by Radhika Govinda and published by Zubaan. This book was released on 2024-01-25 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For over 40 years, Professor Patricia Jeffery, Professor Emerita in Sociology, University of Edinburgh, carried out pioneering research, individually and in partnership with her colleagues. The range of subjects she covered includes gender and development, especially childbearing, women’s reproductive rights, social demography in South Asia, Indian society, gender and communal politics, education and the reproduction of inequality; race and ethnicity. Her books, including Frogs in a Well: Indian Women in Purdah (1979) and Appropriating Gender: Women’s Activism, Politicized Religion and the State in South Asia (edited with Amrita Basu, 1998) inspired peers and future scholars alike. In this volume, we bring together a range of new research that is inspired by and intersects with Professor Jeffery’s work. The chapters offer new data, refreshing insights and original analysis on subjects of contemporary importance in the fields of gender, health, marginalization and development.
Download or read book Modi India written by Rahul Shivshankar and published by Penguin Random House India Private Limited. This book was released on 2023-11-10 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on how dharma provides the foundation for a new republic—Bibek Debroy Intensely researched argument about an alternative idea of India—Salman Khurshid The year 2014 was a consequential one for the Bharatiya Janata Party and for India. Will 2024 also be so? Is this election about stopping the rise of Narendra Modi and his alleged distortion of the ‘idea of India’ as conceived by its founders, or the beginning of a dharma-inspired ‘second republic?’ In 2014, the BJP, under the leadership of Modi, won a clear majority in the Lok Sabha elections. The National Democratic Alliance’s triumph ended a nearly two-and-a-half-decade run of mostly messy coalition governments. In 2019, the BJP further improved its tally, cementing its parliamentary majority and its ability to ring in transformational laws and policies. Most of the initiatives taken by the Modi-led NDA have been aimed at positioning Bharat as a ‘Vishwa Guru’—an exemplar of moral righteousness, a pluralistic democracy led by dharma and drawing sustenance from the wellspring of an eternal Hindu universalism. But this shift towards India’s Hindu ethos has prompted the Opposition and many allied commentators to fear the rise of a second republic—a ‘Hindu Rashtra’—moored to an implacable ultra-nationalist and majoritarian dogma. The INDIA bloc has declared the 2024 election as the last opportunity to stop the rise of Modi and his idea of India. Evocative, anecdotal, argumentative and deeply researched, Modi and India: 2024 and the Battle for Bharat chronicles the emergence of, and the battle for, a new republic in the making.
Download or read book Rethinking Muslim Personal Law written by Hilal Ahmed and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-04-28 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume critically analyses Muslim Personal Law (MPL) in India and offers an alternative perspective to look at MPL and the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) debate. Tracing the historical origins of this legal mechanism and its subsequent political manifestations, it highlights the complex nature of MPL as a sociological phenomenon, driven by context-specific social norms and cultural values. With expert contributions, it discusses wide-ranging themes and issues including MPL reforms and human rights; decoding of UCC in India; the contentious Triple Talaq bill and MPL; the Shah Bano case; Sharia (Islamic jurisprudence) in postcolonial India; women’s equality and family laws; and MPL in the media discourse in India. The volume highlights that although MPL is inextricably linked to Sharia, it does not necessarily determine the everyday customs and local practices of Muslim communities in India This topical book will greatly interest scholars and researchers of law and jurisprudence, political studies, Islamic studies, Muslim Personal Law, history, multiculturalism, South Asian studies, sociology of religion, sociology of law and family law. It will also be useful to practitioners, policymakers, law professionals and journalists.
Download or read book Triple Talaq written by Dr. Aijaz Ahmad and published by K.K. Publications. This book was released on 2021-08-09 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book ‘Triple Talaq’ has been written to enlighten the readers about the most burning issues of talaq in current times. For the years the triple talaq was generally the topic of discussion among my colleagues and other intellectuals of the society. They generally asked me questions regarding the triple talaq and tried to satisfy them. However, after a deep study, I have tried to satisfy the readers through this book and hope the government would also learn a lot for the new legislation about the triple talaq. The controversy regarding the triple talaq and to know the details about the subject in the Shariah (Islamic Law or Revealed Law of Allah Almighty), motivated the author to study deeply on the subject and write this book “Triple Talaq” for the readers. It is a humble beginning to understand the details of the talaq and follow accordingly in the light of the Holy Quraan and Hadeeth (Traditions i.e. acts and sayings of Prophet Mohammad PBUH). This work is neither a final work nor the guidelines or any community or sect. Holy Quran and Hadeeth are the only sources to follow the right path, and the Muslim jurists are the best propounder. This work is meant for the enhancement of the knowledge of the general readers. I shall be happy if the people shall read this work and give feedback as well as the better suggestion on the subject of talaq or triple talaq. I will also request the government to rethink on the subject as it is a matter of faith and, undoubtedly, very sensitive. Marriage under Shariat is a civil contract between man and woman in the presence of the witnesses and it is meant to last for the lifetime of the spouses. The marital co-existence can only last for a long time if it is established on mutual love, compassion and respect for each other. After the marriage, by virtue of this love and affection, the spouses are able to live together in a goodly manner by fulfilling each other's rights. However, sometimes a situation may arise where the husband hates the wife or vice versa. In such a situation, Islam admonishes and enjoins them to bear with each other and find means of reconciliation. However, the hatred may be increased in such a way that it renders the relationship between them so strained that the continuation of their union becomes undesirable. The spouses, under the circumstance, are allowed to terminate the marriage by pronouncing talaq. The marriage termination right is primarily vested in the husband. Thus, he can terminate it on his own initiative through Talaq-e-Ahsan, Talaq-e-Hasan, and Talaq-e-Biddat or triple talaq. This right, however, is not absolute because the marriage can also be terminated at the instance of the wife which is called Khul or Khula. Both the parties can also obtain the divorce through the judicious process. Among all the procedures of talaq, the Talaq-e-Biddat or triple talaq is more controversial right from the lifetime of Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) to the current period. Almost all the Muslim countries have passed the legislation regarding this process, in the light of the Holy Quraan and Hadeeth, for the amelioration in the Muslim society according to the need of the time. In India, the current government has also started a step in this regard, but due to the mismatch of the Shariat with the parliamentary legislation, it has made the situation more complex. Naturally, the problem is related to the Muslim community, and the government must have involved the Muslim jurists in the compilation of the Bill. The first chapter of the book is ‘Meaning, Definition, and Concept of Talaq’. In this chapter, the full introduction of talaq including its origin, meaning, and definition has been clearly defined. It has also been defined that how the Islam has given a novel idea and practice of marriage and separation or talaq. The concept of talaq is to provide more freedom to the people in the worldly affairs. Different types of people can use the idea at different times and circumstances. While other religions fixed the marriage as bondage, the Islam defined the marriage as a civil contract and one can freely untie the contract in unavoidable circumstances. The second chapter ‘Types of Talaq’ deals all types of talaq in detail such as Talaq-e-Ahsan, Talaq-e-Hasan, Talaq-e-Biddat, Ila, Faskh, Lian, Mubarat, Khula, Dhihar and separation from the judicious process. It has also been discussed that at what time and circumstances which talaq is permissible according to the Shariah. The ideology of different sects of Islam and other Islamic jurists has been widely discussed with the evidences of the Holy Quraan and Hadeeth. All the means of separation are judiciously proved in a scientific manner. The Third chapter ‘Talaq and Freedom and Rights of Women’ throws enough light on the freedom of women and their rights in the Muslim society. Islam provides its women the freedom to choose the life partner and demand separation if the married life becomes un-adjusting. After the talaq, she can marry the former husband or to another or to whom she likes the most. The women also can hold the property and jewelry for her better use in the future. She is entitled to claim the money from her husband, but not at all necessary to share her money with her husband. She is free, not even to feed her children and serve her in-laws. The fourth chapter ‘Triple Talaq and its Religious and Legal Entity’ deals the subject in the light of the Holy Quraan and Hadeeth. Different Ayats (Sentences) of many Surats (Chapters) of Holy Quraan related to talaq have been widely discussed. Many Hadeeth compiled by many eminent Islamic scholars have been quoted as proof related to the matters of talaq. It has been summarized in this chapter that Allah Almighty and Prophet (PBUH) have provided the talaq as a novel idea for freedom, emancipation, peaceful living and a long-standing social setup. The fifth chapter is ‘Triple Talaq: Worldwide Legislation’ in which the legislation of almost all Muslim countries related to the triple talaq has been discussed. It has been seen that most of the Muslim countries have banned triple talaq by treating it as a social evil and the most sinful act. These Muslim countries have taken the plea that the second Caliph Umar Ibn Khattab had made the ruling to discourage the triple talaq. Even he had punished some of the pronouncers of triple talaq. However, it must be cleared that there is no criminalization of triple talaq in any Muslim country’s legislation, although, they have discouraged and even banned the same. The sixth chapter is the ‘Triple talaq in India’. In this chapter, the circumstances and frequency of triple talaq in India have been discussed. The court cases, including the Ishrat Jahan case of the Supreme Court, the decision of the Supreme Court regarding triple talaq, the triple bill passed by the Lok Sabha, discussion of the Bill in Rajya Sabha, etc. have been discussed in detail. In the last, by analyzing various social aspects, it has been suggested that the triple talaq is the most hateful and sinful act among all permissible things in the Shariat. It must be discouraged by the legislation, but the criminalization of triple talaq or banning the same is not at all appreciable. I hope that the information given in this work is worth reading and, undoubtedly, it will enlighten the youths to avoid the triple talaq or choose the better option of talaq even in unavoidable circumstances. I am sure that the government would also reconsider its policy regarding the triple talaq and would leave the matter for the Muslim jurists to settle according to the Shariat. At last, I would like to say that this work is not complete at all and all scholars are humbly invited to write on this subject to guide the youths of present and future generations to adopt the right path of Shariat and avoid the triple talaq which is not only the most sinful act but also a curse to the society. In the last, I feel it my pleasant duty to acknowledge the kindness, advice, and help, which I received from my respected Islamic scholars like Mufti Mohammad Zahid, Maulana Ansarullah, Hafiz Jamaluddin and many other Islamic scholars. I am also indebted to my colleagues, friends, and relatives Dr. Mohammad Isa Gauhar, Dr. Tufail Ahmad, Advocate Rizwan Ahmad, Dr. Siraj Ahmad, Master Nisar Ahmad, Dr. Shameem Ahmad, Mr. Naseem Ahmad, etc. without whose encouragement, moral support and active cooperation, this work would not have been possible. I am grateful to my wife Imrana Anjum, my children Lubna, Iram, Anam, and Sadaf for their kind support and constant encouragement. Dr. Aijaz Ahmad
