Download or read book Ionized Physical Vapor Deposition written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1999-10-14 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides the first comprehensive look at a pivotal new technology in integrated circuit fabrication. For some time researchers have sought alternate processes for interconnecting the millions of transistors on each chip because conventional physical vapor deposition can no longer meet the specifications of today's complex integrated circuits. Out of this research, ionized physical vapor deposition has emerged as a premier technology for the deposition of thin metal films that form the dense interconnect wiring on state-of-the-art microprocessors and memory chips.For the first time, the most recent developments in thin film deposition using ionized physical vapor deposition (I-PVD) are presented in a single coherent source. Readers will find detailed descriptions of relevant plasma source technology, specific deposition systems, and process recipes. The tools and processes covered include DC hollow cathode magnetrons, RF inductively coupled plasmas, and microwave plasmas that are used for depositing technologically important materials such as copper, tantalum, titanium, TiN, and aluminum. In addition, this volume describes the important physical processes that occur in I-PVD in a simple and concise way. The physical descriptions are followed by experimentally-verified numerical models that provide in-depth insight into the design and operation I-PVD tools.Practicing process engineers, research and development scientists, and students will find that this book's integration of tool design, process development, and fundamental physical models make it an indispensable reference.Key Features:The first comprehensive volume on ionized physical vapor depositionCombines tool design, process development, and fundamental physical understanding to form a complete picture of I-PVDEmphasizes practical applications in the area of IC fabrication and interconnect technologyServes as a guide to select the most appropriate technology for any deposition application*This single source saves time and effort by including comprehensive information at one's finger tips*The integration of tool design, process development, and fundamental physics allows the reader to quickly understand all of the issues important to I-PVD*The numerous practical applications assist the working engineer to select and refine thin film processes

Download or read book Handbook of Physical Vapor Deposition PVD Processing written by D. M. Mattox and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-09-19 with total page 947 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers all aspects of physical vapor deposition (PVD) process technology from the characterizing and preparing the substrate material, through deposition processing and film characterization, to post-deposition processing. The emphasis of the book is on the aspects of the process flow that are critical to economical deposition of films that can meet the required performance specifications. The book covers subjects seldom treated in the literature: substrate characterization, adhesion, cleaning and the processing. The book also covers the widely discussed subjects of vacuum technology and the fundamentals of individual deposition processes. However, the author uniquely relates these topics to the practical issues that arise in PVD processing, such as contamination control and film growth effects, which are also rarely discussed in the literature. In bringing these subjects together in one book, the reader can understand the interrelationship between various aspects of the film deposition processing and the resulting film properties. The author draws upon his long experience with developing PVD processes and troubleshooting the processes in the manufacturing environment, to provide useful hints for not only avoiding problems, but also for solving problems when they arise. He uses actual experiences, called ""war stories"", to emphasize certain points. Special formatting of the text allows a reader who is already knowledgeable in the subject to scan through a section and find discussions that are of particular interest. The author has tried to make the subject index as useful as possible so that the reader can rapidly go to sections of particular interest. Extensive references allow the reader to pursue subjects in greater detail if desired. The book is intended to be both an introduction for those who are new to the field and a valuable resource to those already in the field. The discussion of transferring technology between R&D and manufacturing provided in Appendix 1, will be of special interest to the manager or engineer responsible for moving a PVD product and process from R&D into production. Appendix 2 has an extensive listing of periodical publications and professional societies that relate to PVD processing. The extensive Glossary of Terms and Acronyms provided in Appendix 3 will be of particular use to students and to those not fully conversant with the terminology of PVD processing or with the English language.

Download or read book Theory Application and Implementation of Monte Carlo Method in Science and Technology written by Pooneh Saidi Bidokhti and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-12-18 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Monte Carlo method is a numerical technique to model the probability of all possible outcomes in a process that cannot easily be predicted due to the interference of random variables. It is a technique used to understand the impact of risk, uncertainty, and ambiguity in forecasting models. However, this technique is complicated by the amount of computer time required to achieve sufficient precision in the simulations and evaluate their accuracy. This book discusses the general principles of the Monte Carlo method with an emphasis on techniques to decrease simulation time and increase accuracy.

Download or read book Chemical Vapour Deposition CVD written by Kwang-Leong Choy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-06-07 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a timely and complete overview on chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and its variants for the processing of nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, nanocomposite coatings, thin and thick films, and composites. Chapters discuss key aspects, from processing, material structure and properties to practical use, cost considerations, versatility, and sustainability. The author presents a comprehensive overview of CVD and its potential in producing high performance, cost-effective nanomaterials and thin and thick films. Features Provides an up-to-date introduction to CVD technology for the fabrication of nanomaterials, nanostructured films, and composite coatings Discusses processing, structure, functionalization, properties, and use in clean energy, engineering, and biomedical grand challenges Covers thin and thick films and composites Compares CVD with other processing techniques in terms of structure/properties, cost, versatility, and sustainability Kwang-Leong Choy is the Director of the UCL Centre for Materials Discovery and Professor of Materials Discovery in the Institute for Materials Discovery at the University College London. She earned her D.Phil. from the University of Oxford, and is the recipient of numerous honors including the Hetherington Prize, Oxford Metallurgical Society Award, and Grunfeld Medal and Prize from the Institute of Materials (UK). She is an elected fellow of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining, and the Royal Society of Chemistry.

Download or read book Handbook of Crystal Growth written by Tatau Nishinaga and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-11-04 with total page 1216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume IAHandbook of Crystal Growth, 2nd Edition (Fundamentals: Thermodynamics and Kinetics) Volume IA addresses the present status of crystal growth science, and provides scientific tools for the following volumes: Volume II (Bulk Crystal Growth) and III (Thin Film Growth and Epitaxy). Volume IA highlights thermodynamics and kinetics. After historical introduction of the crystal growth, phase equilibria, defect thermodynamics, stoichiometry, and shape of crystal and structure of melt are described. Then, the most fundamental and basic aspects of crystal growth are presented, along with the theories of nucleation and growth kinetics. In addition, the simulations of crystal growth by Monte Carlo, ab initio-based approach and colloidal assembly are thoroughly investigated. Volume IBHandbook of Crystal Growth, 2nd Edition (Fundamentals: Transport and Stability) Volume IB discusses pattern formation, a typical problem in crystal growth. In addition, an introduction to morphological stability is given and the phase-field model is explained with comparison to experiments. The field of nanocrystal growth is rapidly expanding and here the growth from vapor is presented as an example. For the advancement of life science, the crystal growth of protein and other biological molecules is indispensable and biological crystallization in nature gives many hints for their crystal growth. Another subject discussed is pharmaceutical crystal growth. To understand the crystal growth, in situ observation is extremely powerful. The observation techniques are demonstrated. Volume IA - Explores phase equilibria, defect thermodynamics of Si, stoichiometry of oxides and atomistic structure of melt and alloys - Explains basic ideas to understand crystal growth, equilibrium shape of crystal, rough-smooth transition of step and surface, nucleation and growth mechanisms - Focuses on simulation of crystal growth by classical Monte Carlo, ab-initio based quantum mechanical approach, kinetic Monte Carlo and phase field model. Controlled colloidal assembly is presented as an experimental model for crystal growth. Volume IIB - Describes morphological stability theory and phase-field model and comparison to experiments of dendritic growth - Presents nanocrystal growth in vapor as well as protein crystal growth and biological crystallization - Interprets mass production of pharmaceutical crystals to be understood as ordinary crystal growth and explains crystallization of chiral molecules - Demonstrates in situ observation of crystal growth in vapor, solution and melt on the ground and in space

Download or read book Multiscale Analysis of Deformation and Failure of Materials written by Jinghong Fan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-28 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting cutting-edge research and development within multiscale modeling techniques and frameworks, Multiscale Analysis of Deformation and Failure of Materials systematically describes the background, principles and methods within this exciting new & interdisciplinary field. The author’s approach emphasizes the principles and methods of atomistic simulation and its transition to the nano and sub-micron scale of a continuum, which is technically important for nanotechnology and biotechnology. He also pays close attention to multiscale analysis across the micro/meso/macroscopy of a continuum, which has a broad scope of applications encompassing different disciplines and practices, and is an essential extension of mesomechanics. Of equal interest to engineers, scientists, academics and students, Multiscale Analysis of Deformation and Failure of Materials is a multidisciplinary text relevant to those working in the areas of materials science, solid and computational mechanics, bioengineering and biomaterials, and aerospace, automotive, civil, and environmental engineering. Provides a deep understanding of multiscale analysis and its implementation Shows in detail how multiscale models can be developed from practical problems and how to use the multiscale methods and software to carry out simulations Discusses two interlinked categories of multiscale analysis; analysis spanning from the atomistic to the micro-continuum scales, and analysis across the micro/meso/macro scale of continuum.

Download or read book Introduction to Computational Materials Science written by Richard LeSar and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-28 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasising essential methods and universal principles, this textbook provides everything students need to understand the basics of simulating materials behaviour. All the key topics are covered from electronic structure methods to microstructural evolution, appendices provide crucial background material, and a wealth of practical resources are available online to complete the teaching package. Modelling is examined at a broad range of scales, from the atomic to the mesoscale, providing students with a solid foundation for future study and research. Detailed, accessible explanations of the fundamental equations underpinning materials modelling are presented, including a full chapter summarising essential mathematical background. Extensive appendices, including essential background on classical and quantum mechanics, electrostatics, statistical thermodynamics and linear elasticity, provide the background necessary to fully engage with the fundamentals of computational modelling. Exercises, worked examples, computer codes and discussions of practical implementations methods are all provided online giving students the hands-on experience they need.

Download or read book Nanostructured Surfaces and Thin Films Synthesis by Physical Vapor Deposition written by Rafael Alvarez and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue deals with the synthesis of nanostructured surfaces and thin films by means of physical vapor deposition techniques such as pulsed laser deposition, magnetron sputtering, HiPIMS, or e-beam evaporation, among others. The nanostructuration of the surface modifies the way a material interacts with the environment, changing its optical, mechanical, electrical, tribological, or chemical properties. This can be applied in the development of photovoltaic cells, tribological coatings, optofluidic sensors, or biotechnology to name a few. This issue includes research presenting novel or improved applications of nanostructured thin films, such as photovoltaic solar cells, thin-film transistors, antibacterial coatings or chemical and biological sensors, while also studying the nanostructuration mechanisms, from a fundamental point of view, that produce rods, columns, helixes or hexagonal grids at the nanoscale.

Download or read book Comprehensive Materials Processing written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-04-07 with total page 5485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Materials Processing, Thirteen Volume Set provides students and professionals with a one-stop resource consolidating and enhancing the literature of the materials processing and manufacturing universe. It provides authoritative analysis of all processes, technologies, and techniques for converting industrial materials from a raw state into finished parts or products. Assisting scientists and engineers in the selection, design, and use of materials, whether in the lab or in industry, it matches the adaptive complexity of emergent materials and processing technologies. Extensive traditional article-level academic discussion of core theories and applications is supplemented by applied case studies and advanced multimedia features. Coverage encompasses the general categories of solidification, powder, deposition, and deformation processing, and includes discussion on plant and tool design, analysis and characterization of processing techniques, high-temperatures studies, and the influence of process scale on component characteristics and behavior. Authored and reviewed by world-class academic and industrial specialists in each subject field Practical tools such as integrated case studies, user-defined process schemata, and multimedia modeling and functionality Maximizes research efficiency by collating the most important and established information in one place with integrated applets linking to relevant outside sources

Download or read book Nanofabrication written by Ampere A. Tseng and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of the devices and systems used in modern industry are becoming progressively smaller and have reached the nanoscale domain. Nanofabrication aims at building nanoscale structures, which can act as components, devices, or systems, in large quantities at potentially low cost. Nanofabrication is vital to all nanotechnology fields, especially for the realization of nanotechnology that involves the traditional areas across engineering and science. This is the first book solely dedicated to the manufacturing technology in nanoscale structures, devices, and systems and is designed to satisfy the growing demands of researchers, professionals, and graduate students.Both conventional and non-conventional fabrication technologies are introduced with emphasis on multidisciplinary principles, methodologies, and practical applications. While conventional technologies consider the emerging techniques developed for next generation lithography, non-conventional techniques include scanning probe microscopy lithography, self-assembly, and imprint lithography, as well as techniques specifically developed for making carbon tubes and molecular circuits and devices.

Download or read book Nanoelectronics written by Joachim Knoch and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2024-03-18 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, nanoelectronics has become very interdisciplinary requiring students to master aspects of physics, electrical engineering, chemistry etc. The 2nd edition of this textbook is a comprehensive overview of nanoelectronics covering the necessary quantum mechanical and solid-state physics foundation, an overview of semiconductor fabrication as well as a brief introduction into device simulation using the non-equilibrium Greens function formalism. Equipped with this, the work discusses nanoscale field-effect transistors and alternative device concepts such as Schottky-barrier MOSFETs as well as steep slope transistors based on different materials. In addition, cryogenic operation of MOSFETs for the realization of, e.g., classical control electronics of semiconducting spin qubits is studied. The work contains a number of tasks, examples and exercises with step-by-step video solutions as well as tutorial videos that deepen the understanding of the material. With additional access to simulation tools that allow students to do computational experiments, the emphasis is on thorough explanation of the material enabling students to carry out their own research.

Download or read book Handbook of Fluid Dynamics written by Richard W. Johnson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-06 with total page 1544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Fluid Dynamics offers balanced coverage of the three traditional areas of fluid dynamics—theoretical, computational, and experimental—complete with valuable appendices presenting the mathematics of fluid dynamics, tables of dimensionless numbers, and tables of the properties of gases and vapors. Each chapter introduces a different fluid dynamics topic, discusses the pertinent issues, outlines proven techniques for addressing those issues, and supplies useful references for further research. Covering all major aspects of classical and modern fluid dynamics, this fully updated Second Edition: Reflects the latest fluid dynamics research and engineering applications Includes new sections on emerging fields, most notably micro- and nanofluidics Surveys the range of numerical and computational methods used in fluid dynamics analysis and design Expands the scope of a number of contemporary topics by incorporating new experimental methods, more numerical approaches, and additional areas for the application of fluid dynamics Handbook of Fluid Dynamics, Second Edition provides an indispensable resource for professionals entering the field of fluid dynamics. The book also enables experts specialized in areas outside fluid dynamics to become familiar with the field.

Download or read book Chemical Physics of Thin Film Deposition Processes for Micro and Nano Technologies written by Y. Pauleau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An up-to-date collection of tutorial papers on the latest advances in the deposition and growth of thin films for micro and nano technologies. The emphasis is on fundamental aspects, principles and applications of deposition techniques used for the fabrication of micro and nano devices. The deposition of thin films is described, emphasising the gas phase and surface chemistry and its effects on the growth rates and properties of films. Gas-phase phenomena, surface chemistry, growth mechanisms and the modelling of deposition processes are thoroughly described and discussed to provide a clear understanding of the growth of thin films and microstructures via thermally activated, laser induced, photon assisted, ion beam assisted, and plasma enhanced vapour deposition processes. A handbook for engineers and scientists and an introduction for students of microelectronics.

Download or read book High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering 08 written by Wolfgang E. Nagel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-10 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discussions and plans on all scienti?c, advisory, and political levels to realize an even larger “European Supercomputer” in Germany, where the hardware costs alone will be hundreds of millions Euro – much more than in the past – are getting closer to realization. As part of the strategy, the three national supercomputing centres HLRS (Stuttgart), NIC/JSC (Julic ̈ h) and LRZ (Munich) have formed the Gauss Centre for Supercomputing (GCS) as a new virtual organization enabled by an agreement between the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the state ministries for research of Baden-Wurttem ̈ berg, Bayern, and Nordrhein-Westfalen. Already today, the GCS provides the most powerful high-performance computing - frastructure in Europe. Through GCS, HLRS participates in the European project PRACE (Partnership for Advances Computing in Europe) and - tends its reach to all European member countries. These activities aligns well with the activities of HLRS in the European HPC infrastructure project DEISA (Distributed European Infrastructure for Supercomputing Appli- tions) and in the European HPC support project HPC-Europa. Beyond that, HLRS and its partners in the GCS have agreed on a common strategy for the installation of the next generation of leading edge HPC hardware over the next ?ve years. The University of Stuttgart and the University of Karlsruhe have furth- more agreed to bundle their competences and resources.

Download or read book Handbook of Software Solutions for ICME written by Georg J. Schmitz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-20 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As one of the results of an ambitious project, this handbook provides a well-structured directory of globally available software tools in the area of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME). The compilation covers models, software tools, and numerical methods allowing describing electronic, atomistic, and mesoscopic phenomena, which in their combination determine the microstructure and the properties of materials. It reaches out to simulations of component manufacture comprising primary shaping, forming, joining, coating, heat treatment, and machining processes. Models and tools addressing the in-service behavior like fatigue, corrosion, and eventually recycling complete the compilation. An introductory overview is provided for each of these different modelling areas highlighting the relevant phenomena and also discussing the current state for the different simulation approaches. A must-have for researchers, application engineers, and simulation software providers seeking a holistic overview about the current state of the art in a huge variety of modelling topics. This handbook equally serves as a reference manual for academic and commercial software developers and providers, for industrial users of simulation software, and for decision makers seeking to optimize their production by simulations. In view of its sound introductions into the different fields of materials physics, materials chemistry, materials engineering and materials processing it also serves as a tutorial for students in the emerging discipline of ICME, which requires a broad view on things and at least a basic education in adjacent fields.

Download or read book The Control Handbook written by William S. Levine and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At publication, The Control Handbook immediately became the definitive resource that engineers working with modern control systems required. Among its many accolades, that first edition was cited by the AAP as the Best Engineering Handbook of 1996. Now, 15 years later, William Levine has once again compiled the most comprehensive and authoritative resource on control engineering. He has fully reorganized the text to reflect the technical advances achieved since the last edition and has expanded its contents to include the multidisciplinary perspective that is making control engineering a critical component in so many fields. Now expanded from one to three volumes, The Control Handbook, Second Edition organizes cutting-edge contributions from more than 200 leading experts. The second volume, Control System Applications, includes 35 entirely new applications organized by subject area. Covering the design and use of control systems, this volume includes applications for: Automobiles, including PEM fuel cells Aerospace Industrial control of machines and processes Biomedical uses, including robotic surgery and drug discovery and development Electronics and communication networks Other applications are included in a section that reflects the multidisciplinary nature of control system work. These include applications for the construction of financial portfolios, earthquake response control for civil structures, quantum estimation and control, and the modeling and control of air conditioning and refrigeration systems. As with the first edition, the new edition not only stands as a record of accomplishment in control engineering but provides researchers with the means to make further advances. Progressively organized, the other two volumes in the set include: Control System Fundamentals Control System Advanced Methods

Download or read book Cold Micro Metal Forming written by Frank Vollertsen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-13 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book contains the research report of the Collaborative Research Center “Micro Cold Forming” (SFB 747) of the University of Bremen, Germany. The topical research focus lies on new methods and processes for a mastered mass production of micro parts which are smaller than 1mm (by forming in batch size higher than one million). The target audience primarily comprises research experts and practitioners in production engineering, but the book may also be of interest to graduate students alike.