Download or read book The Maya Calendar Systems Vol 1 written by Armin A. Brandes and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-08-19 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Study from the year 2016 in the subject Ethnology / Cultural Anthropology, , language: English, abstract: This treatise about the Maya Calendar Systems, emphasizing the Yucatecan Calendar, is an extract and a summary of the studies on their number as well as their calendar systems. As far as the calendars are concerned data from monuments as well as from the Chilam Balam of Tizimin / Chumayel and the Codex Pérez were analyzed. All nations of Mesoamerica had number systems to the base 20. The one of the Maya, however, differed from all others not only by its basic numbers but also by the formation of numbers greater than 20, namely by the method of overcounting while all the others used the method of undercounting. The Maya replaced their moon calendar by adopting the spiritual and solar calendar as well as a longtime count by a now long time perished nation. The solar calendar had built in a correction of the first order, a camouflaged bissextile day at the end of every fourth year. Spiritual and solar calendar constituted by permutation the Calendar Round, a cycle of 52 years. One of the properties of the Calendar Round was that all years began cyclic by only four out of the twenty sacred day signs, the year bearers kaban, ik', manik', eb. The longtime count was noted as elapsed days in positional notation, whereby the third rank was counted only from 0 to 17. This Preclassic Calendar was reformed by the Maya due to the different counting of numbers, thus, by replacing the Day Count with a system of measurements, the so-called Long Count, whereby the third rank became a short year of 360 days. This Classic Calendar was reformed, however, only in the Rio Bec, Chenes and Puuc region. Hereby the Long Count was replaced by periods of current time, the ajaw-Periods of 20 short years. Additionally the Calendar Round was made “dynamic”, in order to integrate the solar calendar corrections of the second and third order. The resultant pairs of Calendar Rounds of the same patron had identical notations, thus, the protagonists of the reform introduced for the months of the solar year the count of current days for each first Calendar Round and for each second one of elapsed days. The reform of this Yucatecan Calendar was completed by enlarging the ajaw-Period from the 20 short years to 24 solar years. And thus, the first eternal solar calendar was accomplished. This calendar was lived up to the conquest by the Spaniards. The knowledge about it, however, was lost soon after the inquisitional trials and the auto de fé of Mani. Thereafter the counting was frozen.
Download or read book Mayan Calendar Systems written by Cyrus Thomas and published by Franklin Classics. This book was released on 2018-10-06 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Mayan Calendar Systems Volume 1 Primary Source Edition written by Cyrus Thomas and published by Nabu Press. This book was released on 2014-02 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
Download or read book Mayan Calendar Systems written by Cyrus Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1904 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Mayan and Other Ancient Calendars written by Geoff Stray and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2007-11-06 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only small, popular book on the important subject of ancient calendars. The study of heavenly cycles is common to most ancient cultures. The ancient Egyptians, Chinese, and Babylonians all tried to make sense of the year. But it fell to the later Mesoamerican Maya to create a series of calendars that could be cross referenced. In doing so, the Maya discovered many strange numerical harmonics. Their lunar calendar was extremely accurate-far more so than the Greek Metonic cycle; they tracked Venus to an accuracy of less than a day in five hundred years and their tables could have been used to predict eclipses seven hundred years in the future. This book will provide a much needed compact guide to the Mayan calendar systems as well as covering the essentials of calendar development throughout the world.
Download or read book The 8 Calendars of the Maya written by Hunbatz Men and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2009-12-29 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mayan daykeeper Hunbatz Men reveals the multi-calendar system of the Maya that guided the lives of his ancestors and how it can guide us today • The first book to reveal the secrets of the Mayan Pleiades calendar: the Tzek’eb • Explains how the Maya used their astronomical knowledge to guide their lives on Earth The Mayan Calendar has taken on special prominence with the imminent arrival of 2012, a date that many claim is the end of that calendar. However, as Mayan elder and daykeeper Hunbatz Men shows, the cosmological understanding of his ancestors was so sophisticated that they had not one, but many calendars, each based on the cycles of different systems in the cosmos. In this book he reveals for the first time the Tzek’eb, or Pleiades, Calendar of 26,000 years, which charts the revolution of our solar system around Alcyone, the central star of the Pleiades system. He also discusses the K’uuk’ulcan Calendar of the 4 seasons of the solar year and the wheel of the K’altunes Calendar, which is composed of 13 cycles of 20 years each that form a calendar of 260 years. In traditional Mayan culture the computation of time was not determined by simple economic or social motives. The calendars served the higher purpose of synchronizing the lives of human beings and their societies to the great cosmic pulsation, to the rhythm of the annual seasons, and to the other cycles that dictate changes upon Earth. Mayan understanding of the cosmic cycles was so exact that this knowledge could be used to influence all stages of life--from planning when to conceive (parents could choose not only the sex of their child but its vocation and future destiny) to plotting out the course of the entire society. Pyramids played a crucial role in applying this wisdom because, as Hunbatz Men shows, they were able to produce and transform energy in accordance with the cosmic cycles charted by the calendars. This book reveals for the first time the wisdom of the multi-calendar Mayan system and how it can help guide our modern world.
Download or read book Mayan Calendar Systems Vol 2 Classic Reprint written by Cyrus Thomas and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-01-12 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Mayan Calendar Systems, Vol. 2 About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book Maya Calendar Origins written by Prudence M. Rice and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2009-02-17 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Maya Political Science: Time, Astronomy, and the Cosmos, Prudence M. Rice proposed a new model of Maya political organization in which geopolitical seats of power rotated according to a 256-year calendar cycle known as the May. This fundamental connection between timekeeping and Maya political organization sparked Rice's interest in the origins of the two major calendars used by the ancient lowland Maya, one 260 days long, and the other having 365 days. In Maya Calendar Origins, she presents a provocative new thesis about the origins and development of the calendrical system. Integrating data from anthropology, archaeology, art history, astronomy, ethnohistory, myth, and linguistics, Rice argues that the Maya calendars developed about a millennium earlier than commonly thought, around 1200 BC, as an outgrowth of observations of the natural phenomena that scheduled the movements of late Archaic hunter-gatherer-collectors throughout what became Mesoamerica. She asserts that an understanding of the cycles of weather and celestial movements became the basis of power for early rulers, who could thereby claim "control" over supernatural cosmic forces. Rice shows how time became materialized—transformed into status objects such as monuments that encoded calendrical or temporal concerns—as well as politicized, becoming the foundation for societal order, political legitimization, and wealth. Rice's research also sheds new light on the origins of the Popol Vuh, which, Rice believes, encodes the history of the development of the Mesoamerican calendars. She also explores the connections between the Maya and early Olmec and Izapan cultures in the Isthmian region, who shared with the Maya the cosmovision and ideology incorporated into the calendrical systems.
Download or read book The Numeration Calendar Systems and Astronomical Knowledge of the Mayas written by Charles Pickering Bowditch and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mayan Calendar Birthday Book written by Mary Fran Koppa and published by Light Technology Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the Mayan Calendar, every day of the year represents the energy of one of the twenty solar glyphs and one of the thirteen numbers, called tones. The solar glyph indicates your soul purpose, and the tone is the energy you will use to attain this purpose.
Download or read book Mayan Calendar Systems written by Cyrus Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Maya Calendar written by Weldon Lamb and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2017-02-23 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By 1,800 years ago, speakers of proto-Ch’olan, the ancestor of three present-day Maya languages, had developed a calendar of eighteen twenty-day months plus a set of five days for a total of 365 days. This original Maya calendar, used extensively during the Classic period (200–900 CE), recorded in hieroglyphic inscriptions the dates of dynastic and cosmological importance. Over time, and especially after the Mayas’ contact with Europeans, the month names that had originated with these inscriptions developed into fourteen distinct traditions, each connected to a different ethnic group. Today, the glyphs encompass 250 standard forms, variants, and alternates, with about 570 meanings among all the cognates, synonyms, and homonyms. In The Maya Calendar, Weldon Lamb collects, defines, and correlates the month names in every recorded Maya calendrical tradition from the first hieroglyphic inscriptions to the present—an undertaking critical to unlocking and understanding the iconography and cosmology of the ancient Maya world. Mining data from astronomy, ethnography, linguistics, and epigraphy, and working from early and modern dictionaries of the Maya languages, Lamb pieces together accurate definitions of the month names in order to compare them across time and tradition. His exhaustive process reveals unsuspected parallels. Three-fourths of the month names, he shows, still derive from those of the original hieroglyphic inscriptions. Lamb also traces the relationship between month names as cognates, synonyms, or homonyms, and then reconstructs each name’s history of development, connecting the Maya month names in several calendars to ancient texts and archaeological finds. In this landmark study, Lamb’s investigations afford new insight into the agricultural, astronomical, ritual, and even political motivations behind names and dates in the Maya calendar. A history of descent and diffusion, of unexpected connectedness and longevity, The Maya Calendar offers readers a deep understanding of a foundational aspect of Maya culture.
Download or read book The Native Races Vol 1 5 written by Hubert Howe Bancroft and published by DigiCat. This book was released on 2023-11-14 with total page 2298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Native Races of the Pacific States is the magnum opus American historian and ethnologist Hubert Howe Bancroft who took upon himself the task of researching the exotic civilizations of the entire Pacific coast region. This region, from Alaska to Darien, including the whole of Mexico and Central America, he named the Pacific States. Before the arrival of Europeans, these territories were populated by aborigines, from the reptile-eating cave-dwellers of the Great Basin, to the Aztec and Maya civilization of the southern table-land. Volume 1 – Wild Tribes Volume 2 – Civilized Nations Volume 3 – Myths and Languages Volume 4 – Antiquities Volume 5 – Primitive History
Download or read book The Calendar of the Mayas written by Wolfgang Alexander Schocken and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mayan Calendar Systems written by Cyrus Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1904 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Numeration Calendar Systems and Astronomical Knowledge of the Mayas Classic Reprint written by Charles P. Bowditch and published by . This book was released on 2015-07-21 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Numeration, Calendar Systems and Astronomical Knowledge of the Mayas This volume is issued with the intention of offering to the student of Maya life and customs a statement of the knowledge which we possess of the numeration, calendar, and astronomical attainments of this wonderful people, of the method which has been used in obtaining this knowledge, of the probability - and in most cases the certainty-that our opinions are correct, and of the problems which offer themselves to the student for solution; but with no purpose of writing a history of the Maya people or of their customs, their monuments, or their hieroglyphics, and with no purpose of furnishing a bibliography of sources from which such a history can be gleaned. There are, without doubt, many parts of the codices and inscriptions which refer to other matters than those connected with numeration, the calendar, and astronomy, but I make no attempt to decipher them. Others have made their guesses as to the meaning of these passages, - generally on insufficient evidence, - and, though some of these guesses may be correct, I have not thought it wise to enter into this branch of the subject, especially as it is seldom that two commentators agree in their judgment. I have not thought it necessary, in writing this volume, to award to this or that modern writer credit for individual discoveries. Students in Maya research, however, will always regard Dr. Ernst Forstemann as the leader who blazed out the path which they are glad to follow, recognizing his clear insight and remarkable advances in the study of the meaning of the hieroglyphs and in the elucidation of the Maya system of numeration, their calendar, and their astronomical knowledge. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book The Inscriptions at Copan written by Sylvanus Griswold Morley and published by . This book was released on 1920 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
