Download or read book Juvenile Crime Juvenile Justice written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-05 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.

Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.

Download or read book The Law Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1933 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook on Global Community Corrections written by Ioan Durnescu and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-06-25 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook on Global Community Corrections assesses and analyzes the status of community corrections systems around the world, highlighting inter-regional and intra-regional variations in their design, implementation, and impact on policy and practice. Covering both probation and parole, this handbook brings together leading international experts to examine the myriad of systems developed under the broad heading of community corrections to manage community corrections populations at the pre-adjudication, adjudication, and post-release stages. Chapters are designed to consider the following questions: How many offenders are placed in community corrections systems around the globe? What are the key design features of these community corrections systems? What do we know about the effectiveness of community corrections within and across global regions? This is an essential reference text for all those engaged with community corrections, probation, and post-release policy in criminal justice.

Download or read book The Indian Journal of Social Work written by and published by . This book was released on 1941 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Irish Law Times and Solicitors Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1934 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Texas Juvenile Law written by Robert O. Dawson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Youth and the Justice System written by United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hearings written by United States. Congress. House and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 2112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Report on Russia by Vice Admiral Hyman G Rickover USN written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 1560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Law Times written by and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Domestic Criminal Violence written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Offending Youth written by Kerry Carrington and published by Federation Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rates of female delinquency, especially for violent crimes, are increasing in most common law countries. At the same time the growth in cyber-bullying, especially among girls, appears to be a related global phenomenon.While the gender gap in delinquency is narrowing in Australia, United States, Canada and the United Kingdom, boys continue to dominate the youth who commit crime and have a virtual monopoly over sexually violent crimes. Indigenous youth continue to be vastly over-represented in the juvenile justice system in every Australian jurisdiction. The Indigenisation of delinquency is a persistent problem in other countries such as Canada and New Zealand.Young people who gather in public places are susceptible to being perceived as somehow threatening or riotous, attracting more than their share of public order policing. Professional football has been marred by repeated scandals involving sexual assault, violence and drunkenness. Given the cultural significance of footballers as role models to thousands, if not millions, of young men around the world, it is vitally important to address this problem. Offending Youth explores these key contemporary patterns of delinquency, the response to these by the juvenile justice agencies and moreover what can be done to address these problems.The book also analyses the major policy and legislative changes from the nineteenth to twenty first centuries, chiefly the shift the penal welfarism to diversion and restorative justice. Using original cases studied by Carrington twenty years ago, Offending Youth illustrates how penal welfarism criminalised young people from socially marginal backgrounds, especially Aboriginal children, children from single parent families, family-less children, state wards and young people living in poverty or in housing commission estates. A number of inquiries in Australia and the United Kingdom have since established that children committed to these institutions, supposedly for their own good, experienced systemic physical, sexual and psychological abuse during their institutionalisation. The book is dedicated to the survivors of these institutions who only now are receiving official recognition of the injustices they suffered.The underlying philosophy of juvenile justice has fundamentally shifted away from penal welfarism to embrace positive policy responses to juvenile crime, such as youth conferencing, cautions, warnings, restorative justice, circle sentencing and diversion examined in the concluding chapter.Offending Youth is aimed at a broad readership including policy makers, juvenile justice professionals, youth workers, families, teachers, politicians as well as students and academics in criminology, policing, gender studies, masculinity studies, Indigenous studies, justice studies, youth studies and the sociology of youth and deviance more generally.

Download or read book History of Scottish Child Protection Law written by Norrie Kenneth McK. Norrie and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-06 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive account of how the law and practice of child protection in Scotland has developed from its earliest origins to the present day, within the context of a changing world Key FeaturesPlaces the Scottish juvenile court in worldwide perspective and explores why the juvenile court ideals remain central to the contemporary children's hearing system in Scotland, dealing with both child offenders and neglected and abused children.Gives detailed analysis of the legislation and explores the parliamentary debates surrounding Acts including the Children Act 1908, the Adoption of Children (Scotland) Act 1930, the Children and Young Persons (Scotland) Acts 1932 and 1937, the Children Act 1948, the Social Work (Scotland) Act 1968, the Children (Scotland) Act 1995 and the Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014Preserves in accessible form many long-forgotten legal and social aims, cases and secondary legislation Kenneth Norrie traces the assumptions that underlay child protection law at particular periods of time and identifies the pressures for change - giving a clearer understanding of how and why the contemporary law is designed and operates as it does.Particular issues are traced in legislative detail, including court processes, the changing thresholds for state intervention, the increasing regulation of children's homes and foster care, the developing rules on corporal punishment and the earlier practice of compulsory emigration to the colonies of children removed from their parents. The transformation of adoption is also covered in comprehensive detail. In drawing out key themes and common threads, Norrie sets contemporary developments against their historical context and offers a fuller understanding of child protection law in Scotland.

Download or read book Adolescent Health written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Corrections written by United States. National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Child Welfare and Social Policy written by Harry Hendrick and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2005-03-16 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an essential one-stop introduction to the key concepts, issues, policies and practices affecting child welfare, with particular emphasis on the changing nature of the relationship between child welfare and social policy. No other book brings together such a wide selection of material to form an attractive and indispensable teaching and learning resource. Child welfare and social policy provides readers with an historical overview of child welfare in England and Wales; high quality contributions from leading authorities in the field; discursive introductions to each section that set individual chapters in the broader context of childhood studies and case study material to bring discussions to life. Key topics covered include morality and child welfare; relations between law, medicine, social work, social theory and child welfare; children's rights and democratic citizenship and children as raw material for 'social investment'. Child welfare and social policy is invaluable reading for students and academics in social policy, sociology, education and social work. It is also a useful resource for health and social work professionals wishing to follow current debates in theory and practice.