Download or read book The Jobs and Effects of Migrant Workers in Northern America written by J. Samuel and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Jobs and Effects of Migrant Workers in Northern America The Three Essays International Migration Papers 10 written by P. L. Martin and J. E. Taylor J. Samuel and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Jobs and Effects of Migrant Workers in Northern America written by P. L. Martin and J. E. Taylor J. Samuel and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Do Immigrants Work in Riskier Jobs written by Pia M. Orrenius and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-02 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent reports suggest that immigrants are more likely to hold jobs with worse working conditions than U.S.-born workers, perhaps because immigrants work in jobs that â¿¿natives donâ¿¿t want.â¿¿ Despite this widespread view, earlier studies have not found immigrants to be in riskier jobs than natives. This study combines individual-level data from the 2003â¿¿2005 American Community Survey on work-related injuries and fatalities to take a fresh look at whether foreign-born workers are employed in more dangerous jobs. The results indicate that immigrants are in fact more likely to work in risky jobs than U.S.-born workers, partly due to differences in average characteristics, such as immigrantsâ¿¿ lower English language ability and educational attainment. Illus.

Download or read book The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration finds that the long-term impact of immigration on the wages and employment of native-born workers overall is very small, and that any negative impacts are most likely to be found for prior immigrants or native-born high school dropouts. First-generation immigrants are more costly to governments than are the native-born, but the second generation are among the strongest fiscal and economic contributors in the U.S. This report concludes that immigration has an overall positive impact on long-run economic growth in the U.S. More than 40 million people living in the United States were born in other countries, and almost an equal number have at least one foreign-born parent. Together, the first generation (foreign-born) and second generation (children of the foreign-born) comprise almost one in four Americans. It comes as little surprise, then, that many U.S. residents view immigration as a major policy issue facing the nation. Not only does immigration affect the environment in which everyone lives, learns, and works, but it also interacts with nearly every policy area of concern, from jobs and the economy, education, and health care, to federal, state, and local government budgets. The changing patterns of immigration and the evolving consequences for American society, institutions, and the economy continue to fuel public policy debate that plays out at the national, state, and local levels. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration assesses the impact of dynamic immigration processes on economic and fiscal outcomes for the United States, a major destination of world population movements. This report will be a fundamental resource for policy makers and law makers at the federal, state, and local levels but extends to the general public, nongovernmental organizations, the business community, educational institutions, and the research community.

Download or read book ILO Global Estimates on International Migrant Workers written by Natalia Popova (Labor economist) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If the right policies are in place, labour migration can help countries respond to shifts in labour supply and demand, stimulate innovation and sustainable development, and transfer and update skills. However, a lack of international standards regarding concepts, definitions and methodologies for measuring labour migration data still needs to be addressed. This report gives global and regional estimates, broken down by income group, gender and age. It also describes the data, sources and methodology used, as well as the corresponding limitations. The report seeks to contribute to the 2018 Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration and to achieving SDG targets 8.8 and 10.7

Download or read book The New Americans written by Panel on the Demographic and Economic Impacts of Immigration and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-10-28 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sheds light on one of the most controversial issues of the decade. It identifies the economic gains and losses from immigration--for the nation, states, and local areas--and provides a foundation for public discussion and policymaking. Three key questions are explored: What is the influence of immigration on the overall economy, especially national and regional labor markets? What are the overall effects of immigration on federal, state, and local government budgets? What effects will immigration have on the future size and makeup of the nation's population over the next 50 years? The New Americans examines what immigrants gain by coming to the United States and what they contribute to the country, the skills of immigrants and those of native-born Americans, the experiences of immigrant women and other groups, and much more. It offers examples of how to measure the impact of immigration on government revenues and expenditures--estimating one year's fiscal impact in California, New Jersey, and the United States and projecting the long-run fiscal effects on government revenues and expenditures. Also included is background information on immigration policies and practices and data on where immigrants come from, what they do in America, and how they will change the nation's social fabric in the decades to come.

Download or read book American Guestworkers written by David Griffith and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2007-08-31 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The H-2 program, originally based in Florida, is the longest running labor-importation program in the country. Over the course of a quarter-century of research, Griffith studied rural labor processes and their national and international effects. In this book, he examines the socioeconomic effects of the H-2 program on both the areas where the laborers work and the areas they are from, and, taking a uniquely humanitarian stance, he considers the effects of the program on the laborers themselves.

Download or read book The Employment Effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement written by United States. National Commission for Employment Policy and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scottish psychiatrist R.D. Laing gained a reputation in the late 60's for his radical objection to conventional psychiatry. After 35 years of professional pracice, he agreed to be videotaped in public lectures and private conversations.

Download or read book Employment Effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA written by DIANE Publishing Company and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1994 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines worker dislocation and immigration effects of NAFTA. Includes recommendations on: worker adjustment assistance programs that address the adverse employment effects of NAFTA, and migrant and seasonal farmworker programs that address the short-term increases in Mexican immigration that are likely to result from NAFTA. Charts, tables and graphs.

Download or read book The Jobs and Effects of Migrant Workers in Italy written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Migrant Workers written by Roman Espejo and published by Greenhaven Publishing LLC. This book was released on 2015-03-03 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at the impact of migrant workers on the low-skilled American workers. It examines the ethical use of migrant workers and how immigration reform will impact them. Readers will learn from well researched essays supporting both sides of the story, allowing them to draw their own conclusions.

Download or read book From the Farm to the City written by Zachariah Judson Rutledge and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few decades, the United States (U. S.) has experienced a massive influx of low-skilled immigrants. Between 1990 and 2018, the total immigrant population increased from 20 million (8% of the population) to 45 million (14% of the population). However, not all low-skilled sectors of the economy have consistently experienced positive immigrantlabor supply shocks. For example, recent evidence suggests that the agricultural sector has experienced a decline in the supply of immigrant workers. Mexican and Central American immigrants are by far the largest group of low-skilled immigrants in the U. S., comprising half of the immigrant population with a high school education or less. About 80% of Mexican and Central American immigrants have at most a high school diploma, and they are typically employed in low-skilled sectors of the economy, such as agriculture and construction. Estimates suggest that 11 million unauthorized immigrants reside in the U. S., 8 million of whom are Mexican and Central American. The issue of unauthorized immigration has led to a contentious debate, driving a wedge between Americans. Opponents of immigration argue that these immigrants take American jobs, depress the wages of native-born workers (natives), and drain resources from the social welfare system. Proponents argue that these immigrants take low-paying, physically demanding jobs that Americans don't want, which reduces the cost of goods and services, and that immigrants often contribute to the tax base even if they are unauthorized to work. Economists have failed to come to a consensus on the debate, partly because it is difficult to find empirical settings that lend themselves to producing exogenous variation in the supply of immigrants. It is plausible that elements on both sides of the debate are valid to some extent, depending on the outcome of interest and the economic sector under consideration. In this dissertation, I examine how changes in the supply of low-skilled immigrants affect various outcomes in the U. S. and the extent to which these immigrants have been able to achieve economic success. The first chapter examines how a decline in the supply of immigrant farmworkers impacts labor-intensive crop production in the state of California. The second chapter investigates how increased immigration impacts native workers in non-farm sectors of the economy. The third chapter documents the extent to which Mexicans and Central Americans have been able to close the earnings and employment rate gap (relative to native workers) over time. As a whole, this dissertation sheds light on how low-skilled immigration creates winners and losers and documents the extent to which immigrants have been successful in assimilating into the U. S. labor market. Chapter 1 extends the existing farm labor literature, which has found evidence of a declining farm labor supply, by quantifying the impacts such changes have on labor-intensive crop production. Specifically, I provide reduced-form estimates of the effects of shifts in the farm labor supply on the production of hand-harvested fruits and vegetables. Using crop production and employment data from California between 1990 and 2017, I estimate fixed-effects panel regressions linking farm employment (measured at the county-year level) to crop production outcomes (measured at the crop-county-year level). Because I use variation in equilibrium employment, as opposed to exogenous variation in the labor supply, I use an equilibrium displacement model to identify plausible sources of bias that may affect my empirical estimates. This exercise reveals that my point estimates should be interpreted as upper bounds for the effects of interest. Empirically, these bounds indicate that a one percent decrease in the farm labor supply (in terms of the number of workers) causes at most a 0.37% reduction in production in the top 10 producing counties, which together produce 86% of the total value of hand-harvested crops in the state. Production effects are channeled primarily through a reduction in harvested acreage, although there are some effects on yield. I also find that a 1% decrease in the labor supply causes at most a 0.46% decrease in the total value of hand-harvested crop production in the top 5 producing counties (or $600 million). The results from this chapter indicate that a declining farm labor supply could generate economically meaningful consequences for farmers, but that it will likely not devastate the aggregate production of fruits and vegetables in the near future. Chapter 2 analyzes the impact of immigration on the labor market outcomes of native workers in the U. S. The analysis focuses on workers in U. S. metropolitan statistical areas using U. S. Census and American Community Survey data between 1990 and 2011. We use a set of imperfect instruments to derive new bounds on the short-run impacts ofimmigration on the earnings, employment rate, and full-time employment rate of natives. We focus on nine sectors with higher immigrant penetration and instrument for the sectoral immigrant share using the immigrant share in all other sectors. We find negative effects of immigration on native earnings in sectors where we would most expect to findthem: low-skilled sectors that produce non-traded goods where immigrant penetration has been high in recent decades. We uncover negative effects on native earnings in the construction, food service, and personal service sectors, with upper bounds ranging from -2.9% to -6.6% for each 10 percentage point increase in the immigrant share. Earnings effects in other sectors are not statistically significant. In the six low-skilled sectors we consider, immigration reduces the native employment rate, with effects ranging from -0.6 to -2.0 percentage points for each 10 percentage point increase in the immigrant share. Our findings indicate that increases in the low-skilled immigrant labor supply lead to worse labor market outcomes for some low-skilled native workers in the short run. Chapter 3 investigates whether recently arrived low-skilled immigrants have been more successful than older cohorts at assimilating into the U. S. labor market. Specifically, we use U. S. Census and American Community Survey data between 1970 and 2017 to examine how different Mexican and Central American cohorts of arrival compare to similarly aged and educated natives in terms of their earnings and employment rate over time. We find that, on average, they started with an earnings gap of 40-45 percent and eliminated half of it within 20 years of arrival. Recent cohorts that arrived after 1995 did better than earlier cohorts in terms of the initial gap and the convergence rate. All cohorts achieved employment rates that surpassed that of natives within 20 years of arrival. The most recent cohorts arrived in the U. S. with no employment rate gap. We conclude that Mexican and Central American immigrants enter the U. S. with a strong proclivity toward being employed. However, despite their successful integration into the labor market in terms of achieving gainful employment, they have not reached parity with their native counterparts in terms of earnings.

Download or read book Illegal Immigrants and Refugees their Economic Adaptation and Impact on Local U S Labor Markets written by Robert G. Ainsworth and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Moving for Prosperity Global Migration and Labor Markets written by The World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dispelling the Job Competition Myth written by Roger Martinez and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Immigration Policy and the Search for Skilled Workers written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-12-29 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The market for high-skilled workers is becoming increasingly global, as are the markets for knowledge and ideas. While high-skilled immigrants in the United States represent a much smaller proportion of the workforce than they do in countries such as Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom, these immigrants have an important role in spurring innovation and economic growth in all countries and filling shortages in the domestic labor supply. This report summarizes the proceedings of a Fall 2014 workshop that focused on how immigration policy can be used to attract and retain foreign talent. Participants compared policies on encouraging migration and retention of skilled workers, attracting qualified foreign students and retaining them post-graduation, and input by states or provinces in immigration policies to add flexibility in countries with regional employment differences, among other topics. They also discussed how immigration policies have changed over time in response to undesired labor market outcomes and whether there was sufficient data to measure those outcomes.