Download or read book The Internal Geography of Trade written by Thomas Farole and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-05-03 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic theory, including endogenous growth, the role of institutions, and, most importantly, the New Economic Geography (NEG), have made significant progress in explaining the emergence of core-periphery patterns behind this divergence. They point to the critical role of agglomeration, which confers benefits to metropolitan cores that have the advantages of large markets, deep labor pools, links to international markets, and clusters of diverse suppliers and institutions. Regions relatively near the metropolitan core are likely to benefit from spillovers and congestion-related dispersion. Regions further outside the core however, are not only less able to take advantage of spillovers, but also more likely to be far removed from key infrastructural, institutional, and interpersonal links to regional and international markets. As a result, they face significant challenges to becoming competitive locations to host economic activity. Thus the geographical pattern of core and peripheral regions is increasingly manifest in an economic pattern of 'leading' and 'lagging' regions.

Download or read book The Spatial Economy written by Masahisa Fujita and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2001-07-27 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors show how a common approach that emphasizes the three-way interaction among increasing returns, transportation costs, and the movement of productive factors can be applied to a wide range of issues in urban, regional, and international economics. Since 1990 there has been a renaissance of theoretical and empirical work on the spatial aspects of the economy—that is, where economic activity occurs and why. Using new tools—in particular, modeling techniques developed to analyze industrial organization, international trade, and economic growth—this "new economic geography" has emerged as one of the most exciting areas of contemporary economics. The authors show how seemingly disparate models reflect a few basic themes, and in so doing they develop a common "grammar" for discussing a variety of issues. They show how a common approach that emphasizes the three-way interaction among increasing returns, transportation costs, and the movement of productive factors can be applied to a wide range of issues in urban, regional, and international economics. This book is the first to provide a sound and unified explanation of the existence of large economic agglomerations at various spatial scales.

Download or read book The Internal Geography of Trade written by Thomas Farole and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-04-01 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While national incomes have converged in recent decades, the emergence of entrenched leading and lagging regions within countries is becoming a critical policy challenge. Drawing on empirical studies and case studies, this book assesses the role of trade integration and connectivity in shaping and addressing the challenges of lagging regions.

Download or read book The Internal Geography of Trade in Moscow from the Mid nineteenth Century to the First World War written by Robert Gohstand and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Italian Economy Since Unification written by Gianni Toniolo and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-04 with total page 802 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Oxford Handbook provides a fresh overall view and interpretation of the modern economic growth of one of the largest European countries, whose economic history is less known internationally than that of other comparably large and successful economies. It will provide, for the first time, a comprehensive, quantitative "new economic history" of Italy. The handbook offers an interpretation of the main successes and failures of the Italian economy at a macro level, the research--conducted by a large international team of scholars --contains entirely new quantitative results and interpretations, spanning the entire 150-year period since the unification of Italy, on a large number of issues. By providing a comprehensive view of the successes and failures of Italian firms, workers, and policy makers in responding to the challenges of the international business cycle, the book crucially shapes relevant questions on the reasons for the current unsatisfactory response of the Italian economy to the ongoing "second globalization." Most chapters of the handbook are co-authored by both an Italian and a foreign scholar.

Download or read book Geographical Perspectives on International Trade written by Purva Yadav and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-29 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes spatial and temporal patterns of international trade from a geographical perspective. Trade is an important key to understanding the changing dynamics of economic spaces over time. However, studies by geographers are largely confined to case studies, whereas the spatial dimension is often missing from the approach of economists. This study highlights spatial patterns and commodity composition of global trade and the nature of relationship between trade and other economic attributes. A case study of the MERCOSUR trade block examines inter-regional and intra-regional trade flows. The book captures a comprehensive picture of the structure of international exchange by using ample maps and illustrations as supporting features. Many different methods are applied such as the location quotient to capture concentration and diversification of commodity composition, data reduction techniques such as factor analysis and regression models for relating the economic structures and trade patterns as well as residual mapping among others. This book is a significant contribution to geographical, economical and social sciences research and very useful to graduate and post-graduate students as well as scientists of all related areas who have interest in exploring the changing dynamics of the global economy via trade flows. It provides a road map to further explore different dimensions of international trade and its role in understanding the transforming global economy.

Download or read book On the Geography of Trade written by Céline Carrere and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been widely argued that, with the decline in trade costs (e.g., transport and communication costs), the importance of distance has declined over time. This paper examines the evolution of the geographic profile of countries' trade by studying the evolution of their distance of trade (DOT) in 1962-2000. The paper find that the DOT falls over time for the average country in the world, and that the number of countries with declining DOT is close to double those with increasing DOT. Thus, distance seems to have become more important over time for a majority of countries. The paper examines various hypotheses in order to explain the evolution of the DOT. One of the conclusions is that its evolution is unrelated to that of the overall level of trade costs but depends on the relative evolution of its components. We also examine the impact on the DOT of changes in production costs, customs costs, domestic transport costs, of air relative to land and ocean transport costs, of competition, exchange rate policy, regional integration, uneven growth, counter-season trade, and "just-in-time inventory management." The paper also offers some insights into how these changes may affect the home bias in consumption and the border effect.

Download or read book The Internal Geography of Trade in Moscow from the Mid nineteenth Century to the First World War written by Robert Goghstand and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Region and Trade written by A. Batabyal E. T. Al AMITRAJEET and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-06-11 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although international trade has been much studied by both economists and regional scientists, the nature, causes, and the consequences of interregional trade, i.e., trade between regions within countries has received far less attention. In addition, given recent advances in new economic geography on the theoretical front and in the development of both input-output and computable general equilibrium models on the empirical front, the important subject of interregional trade is now open to study using these theoretical and empirical methodologies. Given this state of affairs, this book aims to present chapters written by a carefully selected group of experts in the field and thereby shed valuable light on key outstanding questions concerning the region and trade. These questions include, but are not limited to, the role of external economies in shaping the pattern of interregional trade, the role of natural resources versus traditional factors of production such as labor and capital in driving interregional trade, the relationship between transport and interregional trade, "high value" interregional trade in services, and the role of interregional trade estimation in the construction of a multi-regional, input-output system.

Download or read book International Trade and Internal Geography written by Pamina Koenig-Soubeyran and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Region And Trade The New Analytical Directions written by Amitrajeet A Batabyal and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-06-11 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although international trade has been much studied by both economists and regional scientists, the nature, causes, and the consequences of interregional trade, i.e., trade between regions within countries has received far less attention. In addition, given recent advances in new economic geography on the theoretical front and in the development of both input-output and computable general equilibrium models on the empirical front, the important subject of interregional trade is now open to study using these theoretical and empirical methodologies. Given this state of affairs, this book aims to present chapters written by a carefully selected group of experts in the field and thereby shed valuable light on key outstanding questions concerning the region and trade. These questions include, but are not limited to, the role of external economies in shaping the pattern of interregional trade, the role of natural resources versus traditional factors of production such as labor and capital in driving interregional trade, the relationship between transport and interregional trade, “high value” interregional trade in services, and the role of interregional trade estimation in the construction of a multi-regional, input-output system.

Download or read book Internal Geography International Trade and Regional Specialization written by A. Kerem Coşar and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We introduce an internal geography to the canonical model of international trade driven by comparative advantages to study the regional effects of external economic integration. The model features a dual-economy structure, in which locations near international gates specialize in export-oriented sectors while more distant locations do not trade with the rest of the world. The theory rationalizes patterns of specialization, employment, and relative incomes observed in developing countries that opened up to trade. Our empirical analysis based on industry-level data from Chinese prefectures demonstrates that international trade is an important driver of industry location within China as the theory implies.

Download or read book World Trade Since 1431 written by Peter J. Hugill and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1431 the Portuguese navigator Velho set sail into the Atlantic, establishing a trade route to the Azores and marking the beginning of commerce with the West as we know it today. Equipped with reliable maps and instruments for open-ocean navigation and highly sea-worthy, three-masted, cannon-armed ships, Portugal soon dominated the Atlantic trade routes - until the diffusion of Portuguese technologies to wealthier polities made Holland the eventual successor, owing to its geographic position and its immense commercial fleet.

Download or read book Trading Industries Trading Regions written by Helzi Noponen and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 1993-06-15 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzing the impact of trade on regional development and employment, this volume presents a set of industry case studies in which the international locational choices of industries are linked to metropolitan and regional growth patterns. They attempt to show how the United States has been served by domestic firms whose national and international locational patterns are shifting, the result of strategic planning as well as intervention by government agencies. Together, these studies pose a considerable challenge to the free trade prescription, suggesting that success in trade is fundamentally shaped by governmental intervention. They also show the adverse effects and adjustment costs that entire regions can suffer, economic and social costs which must be weighed against purported gains from free trade. Each set of authors offers an alternative political and economic course for the United States and other nations to follow, tailored to the specifics of the industry under consideration. Accessibly written, this work is required reading for all those concerned with industrial policy. It is also an ideal text for courses in economic geography, international economics, trade policy, regional development, and business.

Download or read book Essays in International Trade and Economic Geography written by Sau Lai Book and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The thesis consists of three chapters that study internal economic geography, spatial frictions, and firms' multiple dimensions of export behavior. They feature an explicit spatial structure within an exporting country and examine how the differences in geographical characteristics affect firms' extensive and intensive margins of trade activities, as well as price-setting behavior. The first chapter studies firms' learning from exporting peers in different spatial networks to reduce uncertainty in a foreign market's demand, formalizing the relationship between spatial frictions in learning and the extensive margin of trade activities. Evidence suggests that the learning effect is stronger when there are more geographically close neighbors to learn from, precision or the strength of the signal increases, and when the firm starts exporting to a market dissimilar from its previously served markets. The second chapter analyzes the role of internal distance, measured by geographical distance to the nearest port infrastructure, on shipment costs, volumes, and frequencies. It establishes the links between spatial heterogeneity in trade costs and the intensive margin of trade activities. A simple structural model is used to estimate shipment costs at the firm-product-destination level. Evidence reveals that shipment costs correlate positively with the internal distance, favouring large and infrequent shipments for geographically distant exporters. The third chapter examines the role of internal distance in quality differentiation and price-setting behavior of exporters. Empirical findings suggest that free-on-board export unit price decreases systematically with internal distance, and the effect is stronger in shipments of differentiated or knowledge-intensive products. It presents a theoretical framework that features quality differentiation across space to rationalize these empirical patterns"--

Download or read book Trade Liberalization and the Internal Geography of Countries written by Matthieu Crozet and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Value and Unequal Exchange in International Trade written by Andrea Ricci and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-05-20 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contrary to the claims made by neoliberal governments and mainstream academics, this book argues that the huge increase in trade in recent decades has not made the world a fairer place: instead, the age of globalization has become a time of mass migration caused by increasing global inequality. The theory of unequal exchange challenges the free trade doctrine, claiming that transfers of value from poorer to richer countries are hidden behind apparently equivalent market transactions. Following a critical review of the existing approaches, the book proposes a general theory of unequal exchange in the light of an innovative reconstruction of Marx’s international law of value, in which money and exchange rates play a crucial role in decoupling value captured from value produced by different countries, even in perfectly competitive world markets. On this theoretical basis, the book provides an empirical analysis of the international transfers of value in both traditional trade and Global Value Chains. The resulting world mapping of unequal exchange shows the geographical hierarchy of capital global exploitation by revealing a world divided into two quite separate camps of donor and receiving countries, the former being the poorer countries and the latter the richer countries. This book is addressed to scholars and students of economics and social sciences, as well as activists of the North and the South, interested in a better understanding of the asymmetric power relations implied in global trade. It makes a significant contribution to the literature on political economy, trade, Marxism, international relations, and economic geography.