Download or read book The Influence of Growth Regulators and Vine Water Status on Development of Grape Berries Vitis Vinifera L written by William James Hardie and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Growth Regulators and Crop Level on Seededness and Development of Vitis Vinifera Grapes written by Abdul Amir Mahdy Matter and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects and Interactions of Defoliation Growth Regulators and Climatic Factors on Growth and Composition of Vitis Vinifera L Grape Berries written by Osman Ali Sidahmed and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparisons of 17 Red Wine Grape Vitis Vinifera L Cultivars Under Deficit Irrigation Over Four Years in the San Joaquin Valley of California written by Alexander David Levin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, deliveries of water for agricultural use in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California have been reduced, or in some instances cut all together. Since 1980, the acreage of annual crops has decreased by 40%, while the acreage of perennial crops has increased by 77%. Recent research has shown that perennial crops have a higher potential for water conservation. Also, it has been shown that yields do not decrease significantly under some moderate levels of water stress. As trends in California agriculture shift away from traditional field crops, more detailed information is needed on the amount of water required to grow tree and vine crops. Vineyards now account for nearly half of the total acreage of woody perennial crops in California. Worldwide, approximately 10,000 grapevine cultivars are grown on over 8 million hectares of land covering a wide range of climates, from hot and dry to cold and wet. This apparent genetic diversity has led researchers to group different cultivars according to the drought responses of numerous vegetative and reproductive parameters. However, no studies have utilized an established cultivar trial to directly compare multiple cultivars grown at the same site and subjected to the same water stress. Growers in the SJV would have the most potential to conserve water if the more was known about how individual cultivars response to drought at different times of the growing season. Seventeen different red wine grape V. vinifera L. cultivars grafted on to the same rootstock (1103P) were grown in a replicated cultivar trial, and subjected to three different deficit irrigation regimes over four years in order to manipulate [psi][subscript l] at various times throughout the growing season. An early deficit treatment (ED) received no applied water from berry set until veraison, and then was irrigated at 50% of ET[subscript c] from veraison until harvest. A late deficit treatment (LD) was irrigated at 100% ET[subscript c] from berry set until veraison, and then received no applied water until harvest. The sustained deficit treatment (SD) was irrigated at 50% of ET[subscript c] from berry set until harvest. Previous work has categorized wine grape cultivars into ‘isohydric’ or ‘anisohydric’ groups based on the response of stomatal conductance (g[subscript s]) to plant water status (leaf water potential ([psi][subscript l])). Significant differences in l among cultivars were observed during both time periods, but the effects of the water deficits were consistent across growing seasons. There were no significant differences in maximum stomatal conductance (g[subscript max]) among cultivars. Cultivar-specific responses of g[subscript s] to [psi][subscript l] did not separate into two distinct groups, but were broadly distributed based on a negative relationship between the [psi][subscript l] threshold for the beginning of stomatal closure at 95% of g[subscript max] and the rate of stomatal closure. Cultivar mean [psi][subscript l] values were positively related to the [psi][subscript l] threshold for the end of stomatal closure at 25% of g[subscript max]. Potential mechanisms of stomatal closure related to vascular anatomy are discussed. The quantitative models of g[subscript s] response to [psi][subscript l] presented in this study provide baseline threshold [psi][subscript l] values from which to compare cultivars in future research. With increasing competition for water resources, accurate information regarding crop water requirements is needed for informed irrigation management decisions. Early (preveraison) water deficits (ED-treatment) consistently and significantly reduced yields compared to the control across all years and cultivars, but the late (post-veraison) deficit (LD) treatment vines were not different from the control. The reduction in yield with ED was primarily due to a significant reduction in berry fresh weight (FW), and clusters per vine, with little change in berries per cluster. The LD treatment had a limited effect on berry FW and did not affect other yield components. Variation in yield was mostly due to berries per vine rather than berry FW, although this depended on cultivar. There were also cultivar differences in the proportion of variation in berries per vine explained by either clusters per vine or berries per cluster. Irrigation treatment or applied water amounts did not have a consistent effect on the water footprint but it was strongly dependent on yield. Implications of the timing of water deficits on the productivity of wine grapes in the SJV are discussed with respect to cultivar differences in yield formation. Previous research has shown that berry size is the most important component in grapevine yield, and that the sensitivity of grape berry growth to water deficits depends on the timing of those deficits. Berry growth was significantly reduced in ED for every cultivar, and berry absolute and relative growth rates (AGR and RGR, respectively) were significantly lower at the first measurement date after imposition of irrigation treatments. RGR was consistently higher in ED compared to SD and LD postveraison, but lost growth was not made up for in ED berries at harvest. AGR and RGR were significantly more sensitive to vine water status preveraison compared to postveraison for all cultivars. Ripening rate was highly conserved across cultivars and years, and was only slightly (but significantly) reduced in ED compared to SD and LD. In comparison, sugar translocation rate varied widely among cultivars and years, and was significantly different among all irrigation treatments. Sugar translocation rate depended strongly on berry size at veraison, but ripening rate did not. Irrigation treatments and cultivars affected the timing of ripening events independently with no interaction, and the timing of events was more dependent on berry sugar concentration (TSS) than days after anthesis (DAA). The results of this study may provide growers with cultivar-specific pre- and postveraison vine water status targets for irrigation scheduling, as well as assist with the timing of vineyard operations through better understanding of the timing of ripening events near the end of the season.
Download or read book Additional Woody Crop Plants V7 written by T.T. Kozlowski and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water Deficits and Plant Growth, Volume VII: Additional Woody Crop Plants is an extension of Volume VI of this treatise and deals primarily with water relations of woody crop plants in a community context. Organized into five chapters, this book begins with the important problem of predicting effects of vegetation changes on transpiration and evaporation. Separate chapters follow that discuss water relations of cotton, small fruits, grapevines, and peach trees and orchards. For each of these plant communities, emphasis is placed on hydrological cycles; water use and transpiration; absorption of water; and effects of environmental factors on soil and plant water balance. The effects of water deficits on physiological processes; vegetative and reproductive growth; yield of harvested products; drought resistance; and cultural practices affecting plant water balance and yield are also emphasized in this book. This volume will be useful to both researchers and those involved in the practice of growing woody plants for crops or for esthetic values.
Download or read book Temperate Fruit Crops in Warm Climates written by A. Erez and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a member of the working group (WG) on "Temperate Zone Fruit Trees in the Tropics and Subtropics" of the International Society for Horticulture, I was aware of the lack of readily available information needed in many warm-climate locations where temperate fruit crops are grown. The founder of this WG, Frank Dennis, Jr. , was motivated to encourage knowledge transfer by sharing knowledge with many developing countries. We shared his drive and in presenting this book we believe we are doing a service to all persons interested in temperate fruits, but especially to those in tropical and subtropical countries, many of which are developing countries interested in growing these crops and lacking the knowledge needed. In this book, we have collected information covering a variety of different aspects of growing temperate fruit crops in warm climates. As this is the first time such an evaluation of these species has been done, interesting and novel aspects of tree development and fruiting are presented, with stress on elements like dormancy and irrigation that are not of such basic concern in the natural of the temperate zones. We are living in a transition age; horticultural studies habitat are changing and expertise such as can be found in the array of participants in this book is probably not going to be easily found in the future. I hope that this book will broaden our understanding of the fruiting Temperate Zone tree in general and of its adaptation to warm climates, in particular.
Download or read book Effects of Thinning and Growth Regulators on Ripening and Quality of Grapes Vitis Vinifera L Cvs Perlette and Beauty Seedless written by Umed Singh Mor and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Plant Growth Retardants Crop Level and Defoliation on Fruit Development and Wine Quality of Vitis Vinifera L Grapes written by Robert Terrence Roux and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Grapevine in a Changing Environment written by Hernâni Gerós and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-10-05 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grapes (Vitis spp.) are economically the most important fruit species in the world. Over the last decades many scientific advances have led to understand more deeply key physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of grape berry maturation. However, our knowledge on how grapevines respond to environmental stimuli and deal with biotic and abiotic stresses is still fragmented. Thus, this area of research is wide open for new scientific and technological advancements. Particularly, in the context of climate change, viticulture will have to adapt to higher temperatures, light intensity and atmospheric CO2 concentration, while water availability is expected to decrease in many viticultural regions, which poses new challenges to scientists and producers. With Grapevine in a Changing Environment, readers will benefit from a comprehensive and updated coverage on the intricate grapevine defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stress and on the new generation techniques that may be ultimately used to implement appropriate strategies aimed at the production and selection of more adapted genotypes. The book also provides valuable references in this research area and original data from several laboratories worldwide. Written by 63 international experts on grapevine ecophysiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, the book is a reference for a wide audience with different backgrounds, from plant physiologists, biochemists and graduate and post-graduate students, to viticulturists and enologists.
Download or read book The Biochemistry of the Grape Berry written by Hernâni Gerós and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Grapes (Vitis spp.) are economically significant fruit species. Many scientific advances have been achieved in understanding physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of grape berry maturation. Some of these advances have led to the improvement of"
Download or read book Cluster thinning and Growth Regulator Effects on Fruit Development Juice Quality and Vine Growth of Selected Grape Cultivars written by David V. Peterson and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Vine Water Status on Yield Components Vegetative Response and Must and Wine Composition written by Pilar Baeza and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite Vitis vinifera L. is a drought-tolerant species,Äîrainfed traditionally grown in a very diversity of climates,Äîirrigation has more and more become a usual practice aimed to obtain regular yields along seasons and to control must composition. Results on vineyard irrigation are dependent on the timing, length and intensity of the water deficit. From budbreak to flowering, shoot growth is very sensitive to water stress, while reproductive growth is almost unaffected. Severe water deficit during fruit set can reduce yield by affecting ovary cell multiplication and expansion. During maturation water stress induces yield reduction by limiting berry growth; along this phase must composition is also affected. There is a positive, linear relationship between must sugar content and available water; however, no relationship has been found to either total acidity or pH.¬†Biosynthesis of anthocyanins and fruity aromas is enhanced by water deficit. Usually, wines from moderate irrigation treatments scored the highest. There is a general agreement that severe, long water deficits diminish must quality, leaf area, fertility and yield, and it has a negative carryover effect on the next seasons by limiting wood reserves to be used the following seasons.
Download or read book The Science of Grapevines written by Markus Keller and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-01-23 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Science of Grapevines, Third Edition reflects the latest insights into cultivar relationships, vascular transport, hormone action, and stress responses of grapevines. Based on the author's many years of teaching, research and practical experience with grapevines and grape production, the book is completely revised and updated, presenting a comprehensive introduction on the physical structure of the grapevine, its organs, their functions, and their environmental interactions. While many concepts discussed are broadly applicable to plants in general, the focus is on grapevines, especially cultivated grapevines. This book enables readers to use these concepts in their own scientific research or in practical production systems. Scientifically grounded and integrating discoveries in other plant species, the book explores the physiological processes underlying grapevine form and function, their developmental and environmental control, and their implications for practical vineyard management. - Improves user understanding of the impact of their management decisions and cultural practices - Enables prediction of the consequences of actions in the vineyard and the diagnosis and mitigation of potential problems before they threaten the sustainability of grape production - Includes specific insights on canopy-environment interactions, yield formation, sources of variation in fruit composition and environmental constraints
Download or read book The Roles of Water Deficits and Berry Size in the Phenolic Composition of Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes and Wines written by Gaspar Roby and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Horticulture Plants for People and Places Volume 1 written by Geoffrey R. Dixon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-10 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Trilogy explains “What is Horticulture?”. Volume one of Horticulture: Plants for People and Places describes in considerable depth the science, management and technology which underpins the continuous production of fresh and processed horticultural produce. Firstly, there is a consideration of technological innovation derived from basic scientific discoveries which has given rise to entirely new industries, markets, novel crops and changed social habits. Then follows accounts of the modern production of: Field Vegetables, Temperate Fruit, Tropical Fruit, Citrus, Plantation Crops, Berry Crops, Viticulture, Protected Crops, Flower Crops, New Crops, Post-harvest Handling, Supply Chain Management and the Environmental Impact of Production. Each chapter is written by acknowledged world experts. Never before has such an array of plentiful, high quality fresh fruit, vegetables and ornamentals been available year-round in the World’s retail markets. Horticulture gives consumers this gift of nutritious, high quality, safe and diverse fresh foods. This is achieved by manipulating plant growth, reproduction and postharvest husbandry. The multi-billion dollar international industry achieving this is Production Horticulture the subject of this informative book.
Download or read book Water Deficits and Plant Growth Additional woody crop plants written by Theodore Thomas Kozlowski and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
