Download or read book The Influence of 8 Weeks of Whey Protein and Leucine Supplementation on Physical and Cognitive Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of whey-protein and leucine supplementation to enhance physical and cognitive performance and body composition. Thirty moderately fit participants completed a modified Air Force fitness test, a computer-based cognition test, and a dual-energy X-ray-absorptiometry scan for body composition before and after supplementing their daily diet for 8 wk with either 19.7 g of whey protein and 6.2 g leucine (WPL) or a calorie-equivalent placebo (P). Bench-press performance increased significantly from Week I to Week 8 in the WPL group, whereas the increase in the P group was not significant. Push-up performance increased significantly for WPL, and P showed a nonsignificant increase. Total mass, fat-free mass, and lean body mass all increased significantly in the WPL group but showed no change in the P group. No differences were observed within or between groups for crunches, chin-ups, 3-mile-run time, or cognition. The authors conclude that supplementing with whey protein and leucine may provide an advantage to people whose performance benefits from increased upper body strength and/or lean body mass.

Download or read book Branched Chain Amino Acids in Clinical Nutrition written by Rajkumar Rajendram and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-14 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second volume in a 2-volume compendium that is the go-to source for both research- and practice-oriented information on the importance of branched chain amino acids in maintaining the nutritional status and overall health of individuals, especially those with certain disease conditions. Over 150 well recognized and respected contributors have come together to compile these up-to-date and well-referenced works. The volumes will serve the reader as the benchmarks in this complex area of interrelationships between dietary protein intakes and individual amino acid supplementation, the unique role of the branched chain amino acids in the synthesis of brain neurotransmitters, collagen formation, insulin and glucose modulation and the functioning of all organ systems that are involved in the maintenance of the body’s metabolic integrity. Moreover, the physiological, genetic and pathological interactions between plasma levels of branched chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids are clearly delineated so that students as well as practitioners can better understand the complexities of these interactions. Branched Chain Amino Acids in Clinical Nutrition: Volume 2 covers the role of branched chain amino acids in healthy individuals, and branched chain amino acid status in disease states, liver diseases, and supplementation studies in certain patient populations.

Download or read book Whey Proteins written by Hilton C Deeth and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-09-12 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whey Proteins: From Milk to Medicine addresses the basic properties of whey proteins including chemistry, analysis, heat sensitivity, interactions with other proteins and carbohydrates, modifications (hydrolysis, aggregation, conjugation), their industrial preparation, processing and applications, quality aspects including flavour and effects of storage, as well as their role in nutrition, sports and exercise, and health and wellness. Readers of Whey Proteins will gain a better understanding of the chemical nature of the various whey proteins in cow’s milk and the milk of other species. This includes their unique physical and functional properties; the industrial processes used to extract them from milk, to process them into various forms, and to modify them to enhance their functionality; and their nutritive value and application in the fields of sports and exercise science, infant nutrition and medicine. This book is an essential resource for food and nutrition researchers, dairy and food companies, pharmaceutical organizations, and graduate students. Presents up-to-date coverage of whey proteins from milk to medicine Contains a description of the production and properties of whey protein products Offers an overview of the effects of thermal and non-thermal processes on whey protein characteristics Describes the rationale for, and benefits of, using whey proteins in health and wellness preparations

Download or read book Whole body Electromyostimulation A Training Technology to Improve Health and Performance in Humans written by Wolfgang Kemmler and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-07-08 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Leucine Supplementation in Combination with Resistance Training and Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Pre frail and Frail Older Women written by Kathryn Jacob and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Background: Frailty is a clinical condition associated with loss of muscle mass and strength, whose loss is termed sarcopenia, of which age-related resistance to anabolic stimuli is considered a key factor. Age-related anabolic resistance can be mitigated by a higher protein intake than presently recommended for the general population and has lower insulin sensitivity (IS) as a contributing factor, while mitochondria are centrally implicated in frailty and sarcopenia. Resistance training (RT) is the strongest stimuli to counteract sarcopenia via increasing muscle protein synthesis in the presence of sufficient amino acids, and may also stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as improve IS in frail older women. Leucine is a unique amino acid that acutely increases muscle protein synthesis independent of insulin. Leucine has paradoxically been shown to have both potential therapeutic value while also being implicated in the pathological development of insulin resistance. Furthermore, leucine has recently been shown to increase mitochondrial biogenesis in myocytes. The effects of chronic leucine supplementation in conjunction with RT on these factors within the context of frailty are currently unknown. Objective: The purpose of this double-blinded placebo-controlled study is to determine the effects of leucine supplementation and RT on indices of anabolism, insulin sensitivity, and mitochondria function in pre-frail and frail older women consuming optimal protein intake. Methodology: Nineteen pre-frail and frail elderly women (77.5 ± 1.3 y), based on the Frailty Phenotype, underwent 3-months of RT 3x/week with protein-optimized diet (~1.2 g·kg BW−1d·−1) and were randomized to 7.5 g/d of leucine supplementation or an isonitrogenous quantity of placebo (alanine). Indices of 1) insulin sensitivity during a metabolic test meal; 2) mitochondrial content (VDAC protein), function (respiration and reactive oxygen species production), and sensitivity to apoptosis (calcium retention capacity and time to mitochondria permeability transition pore opening) in permeabilized muscle fibers; and 3) muscle protein synthesis determined using L-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine infusion in the postabsorptive and postprandial states, muscle fiber profile by immunohistochemistry, body composition by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry, physical function tests and maximal isometric strength were measured pre- and post-intervention. Results: Our main findings were that compared to 12 weeks of RT in pre-frail and frail older women consuming an optimal protein intake, additional leucine supplementation had: 1) no detrimental nor beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity; 2) increased mitochondrial content without affecting mitochondria function, capacity, or sensitivity to apoptosis; and 3) no added benefit on improvements in muscle protein synthesis, muscle function, and Frailty Phenotype. Conclusion: Leucine supplementation does not appear to influence insulin sensitivity, and although leucine increased mitochondrial content, this occurred without associated improvements in mitochondria function in older women consuming an optimal protein intake and undertaking RT in the context of frailty. The RT and dietary protein intake as described in this study appear to effectively and meaningfully stimulate basal (postabsorptive) muscle protein synthesis translating into measurable gains in muscle protein accretion, strength, and function resulting in marked improvements in the Frailty Phenotype." --

Download or read book Health Science and Innovation for the Future of Food System written by Giuseppe Poli and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-08-07 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Research Topic presents the outcomes of seminars and webinars conducted as part of the 9th Edition of the International Master Michele Ferrero Program on 'Innovation in Food Science and Technology' for the academic year 2022/2023. The program, offered by the Ferrero Foundation and Soremartec in a collaboration with the University of Turin and the Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences at the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart - Piacenza Campus (Milan, Italy) focuses on Health, Science, and Innovation for the Future of the Food System. Key scientific areas explored include Protein Consumption, Healthy Ageing, Taste, Health Trends, Sustainability, and Food Allergens. The primary objective of this Research Topic is to disseminate the latest scientific knowledge related to health, nutrition and innovation, that significantly influence the future of the food system. Health aspects are closely intertwined with the food we consume, and their availability and sustainability that varies across the continents. Moreover, global harmonization of food safety, including proper allergen labeling, is crucial. Additionally, the growing prevalence of the elderly population necessitates special attention to their specific health and nutritional needs, with a particular focus on the role of proteins in their diet. The expected global population growth underscores the need for innovative approaches to food production that address unique nutritional aspects and requirements. The spreading presence of AI is acknowledged in health promoting innovation in resolving nutrition issues that mankind is facing nowadays.

Download or read book Sports Nutrition Performance Enhancing Supplements written by Abbie E. Smith-Ryan, Ph.D. and published by Linus Learning. This book was released on 2009 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Which of the following will yield the fastest measurable change in performance and/or body composition? (A) changes in training. (B) changes in diet. (C) use of sports supplements. (D) they all work equally well. If you answered 'C,' go to the head of the class. That's right; the proper use of sports supplements can produce changes in minutes (e.g. caffeine), days (e.g. creatine) and weeks (e.g. beta-alanine). Yet we are bombarded by muddled thinking from the mainstream media telling us that 'creatine causes cramps,' 'high protein diets are bad for your kidneys,' 'supplements aren't needed as long as you eat a balanced diet' and other ideas that are void of data. Sports Nutrition & Performance Enhancing Supplements (eds. Abbie Smith-Ryan PhD CSCS*D CISSN and Jose Antonio PhD FNSCA FISSN. Linus Publications) is a focused resource that will give you the latest sports nutrition science, and eradicate the intellectually lazy positions held so dearly by the anti-supplement crowd."--Amazon.

Download or read book Osteosarcopenia written by Gustavo Duque and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-03-04 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Falls, fractures, frailty, osteoporosis and sarcopenia are highly prevalent in older persons. While the concept of osteosarcopenia is new, it is a rapidly evolving and cross-disciplinary problem. Prevention and treatment are challenging and a combined therapeutic approach is needed. Osteosarcopenia provides evidence-based information on how to prevent and treat these conditions at multiple settings, including multiple illustrations, care pathways and tips to easily understand the pathophysiology, diagnostic methods and therapeutic approach to these conditions. This work evaluates the potential for a link between osteoporosis, sarcopenia and obesity. Presents diagnostic and therapeutic tips that facilitate the design and implementation of new care pathways, impacting the wellbeing of our older population Provides cross-disciplinary understanding by experts from the bone/osteoporosis field and the muscle/sarcopenia field Covers muscle and bone biology, mesenchymal stem cells, age-related changes and cross-talk between muscle, fat and bone, falls and fracture risk, glucose metabolism, diagnosis, imaging, and genetics of osteosarcopenia

Download or read book Role of Nutritional Supplements in Promoting Muscle Hypertrophy written by Tushar Chatterji and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2012-03 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2011 in the subject Biology - Cytology, grade: C, University of Glasgow (Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences), course: MRes Biomedical Sciences, language: English, abstract: The skeletal muscle is an integral part of our system. It not only acts as the storage reservoir of amino acids, but also serves as the site for protein synthesis and protein breakdown [36]. The rate of protein synthesis needs to exceed protein degradation to achieve muscle hypertrophy [18, 24]. The timing of protein intake, type and quantity play a significant role in achieving optimal outcomes when applied to resistance exercise [36]. Research has been going on since the past decade demonstrating the role of nutritional supplements like whey protein, soy, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs, especially leucine) and creatine on protein synthesis before, during and after a bout of resistance exercise through careful investigations into intracellular signalling pathways like the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream targets-ribosomal protein S6 (kinase-1) and 4E binding protein (4E-BP1) [7, 18]. Intracellular signalling, amongst other variables, involves three essential components-abundant ATP in muscle for providing energy, insulin signalling and leucine (figure 1) [36, 37]. mTOR, regarded as the "key regulator" of translation comprises mTORC1 and mTORC2 [36]. mTORC1 plays a significant role in promoting muscular hypertrophy via phosphorylation of S6K1 and 4E-BP1 which prevent binding of the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E to 4E-BP1 allowing a complex formation with eIF4G (eIF4E-eIF4G) thus enhancing protein synthesis [5, 34]. This report highlights how whey proteins and BCAA (leucine) affect muscle protein synthesis via intracellular signalling pathways thereby contributing significant effects on muscular hypertrophy.

Download or read book Dietary Protein and Resistance Exercise written by Lonnie Michael Lowery and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-04-25 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dietary supplement companies and the food industry spend millions to reach resistance trainers-often with exaggerated marketing messages-while health practitioners continue to counsel athletes that their interest in protein is misguided and even dangerous. There appears to be a disconnect between scientists and almost everyone else in sports nutrit

Download or read book Paired Effects of Dietary Leucine Supplementation and Overload on Protein Translational Signaling and Hypertrophy in Aged Rat Skeletal Muscle written by Hoke B. Whitworth and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sarcopenia is an age-associated disorder that causes loss of skeletal muscle mass, particularly in type II (fast-twitch) muscle fibers. This loss in muscle mass can cause disability, reductions in the quality of life, and can contribute to the development of other more life-threatening morbidities and even death. Researchers have utilized muscle overloading and ergogenic aids, such as whey protein and essential amino acids (specifically leucine), in rats and humans in attempts to reduce or attenuate these losses as part of a primary prevention strategy. Unfortunately, there is also a loss of overload-induced growth capacity in aged fast-twitch skeletal muscle. However, no studies have explored the potential synergistic effect of leucine supplementation on overload-induced skeletal muscle growth in aged animals. To that end, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary leucine supplementation on protein translational signaling and hypertrophy in the overloaded fast-twitch skeletal muscles of aged animals. It was hypothesized that supplementing a standard chow diet with 5% leucine would enhance muscle hypertrophy in overloaded fast-twitch plantaris muscles of aged (33-month old) rats to levels observed in young adult (8-month old) rats. It was also hypothesized that 5% dietary leucine supplementation would enhance protein translational [70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70s6k), ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6), eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2k), and eEF2] signaling in the overloaded fast-twitch plantaris muscles of aged rats to levels observed in young adult rats. Young adult and old male Fisher344 x Brown Norway F1 Hybrid (FBN) rats underwent a 1-week unilateral plantaris muscle overload via tenotomy of the synergistic gastrocnemius muscle. Within each age group, animals were matched for body weight and separated into either a dietary leucine supplementation group (additional 5% leucine content in place of 5% of the carbohydrate content in normal rat chow starting 2 days prior to, and throughout, the overload intervention; n = 7/age group) or placebo group (normal rat chow; n = 6/age group). No differences in daily calorie consumption were observed between the placebo vs. leucine groups within each age group. Plantaris muscles were harvested at the end of the overload period. Dietary leucine enrichment significantly (p [equal or less than] 0.05) enhanced overload-induced fast-twitch plantaris muscle hypertrophy in old, but not in young adult, animals. Additionally, western blotting analyses revealed that phospho-p70S6k (Thr389) and phospho-rpS6 (Ser235/Ser236) were significantly lower in old vs. young overloaded muscles under placebo conditions, but leucine partially restored both phospho-p70S6k and phospho-rpS6 in old overloaded muscles to that of young adult overloaded muscles. Overload significantly increased eEF2k phosphorylation in young, but not in old animals, and leucine supplementation had no affect on eEF2k phosphorylation in either age group. Overload significantly increased total eEF2 content and decreased inhibitory eEF2 phosphorylation (Thr56; normalized to total eEF2) in young adult muscles regardless of leucine supplementation. Total eEF2 content was unaffected by overload in old placebo muscles, but leucine supplementation in old animals non-significantly (p = 0.09) restored the overload-induced increase in total eEF2 content. These novel findings indicate that a leucine-enriched diet may potentially enhance overload-induced growth of aged fast-twitch muscle, in part by enhancing pathways known to stimulate protein synthesis.

Download or read book The Role of Protein and Amino Acids in Sustaining and Enhancing Performance written by Committee on Military Nutrition Research and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-09-29 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is a commonly held belief that athletes, particularly body builders, have greater requirements for dietary protein than sedentary individuals. However, the evidence in support of this contention is controversial. This book is the latest in a series of publications designed to inform both civilian and military scientists and personnel about issues related to nutrition and military service. Among the many other stressors they experience, soldiers face unique nutritional demands during combat. Of particular concern is the role that dietary protein might play in controlling muscle mass and strength, response to injury and infection, and cognitive performance. The first part of the book contains the committee's summary of the workshop, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The remainder of the book contains papers contributed by speakers at the workshop on such topics as, the effects of aging and hormones on regulation of muscle mass and function, alterations in protein metabolism due to the stress of injury or infection, the role of individual amino acids, the components of proteins, as neurotransmitters, hormones, and modulators of various physiological processes, and the efficacy and safety considerations associated with dietary supplements aimed at enhancing performance.

Download or read book Clinical Trials Handbook written by Curtis L. Meinert and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-10-10 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A systematic approach to all aspects of designing and conducting clinical trials The success or failure of clinical trials hinges on hundreds of details that need to be developed, often under less than ideal conditions. Written by one of the world's leading trialists, Clinical Trials Handbook: Design and Conduct provides clinicians with a complete guide to designing, conducting, and evaluating clinical trials—teaching them how to simplify the process and avoid costly mistakes. The author draws on his extensive clinical trials experience to outline all steps employed in setting up and running clinical trials, from budgeting and fundraising to publishing the results. Along the way, practical advice is offered while also addressing a mix of logistical, ethical, psychological, behavioral, and administrative issues inherent to clinical trials. Topics of coverage include: Protocols for drug masking, controls, and treatment randomization Consent, enrollment, eligibility, and follow-up procedures Different types of sample size design and data collection and processing Working with study centers, research staff, and various committees Monitoring treatment effects and performance, and ensuring quality control Data analysis and access policies for study data and documents Clinical Trials Handbook is invaluable for practicing clinicians and trialists who would like to learn more about or improve their understanding of the design and execution of clinical trials. The book is also an excellent supplement for courses on clinical trials at the graduate level.

Download or read book Nutritional Strategies to Promote Muscle Mass and Function Across Health Span written by Daniel Moore and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Download or read book Nutritional Supplements in Sports and Exercise written by Mike Greenwood and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-16 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the ever-growing field of sports nutrition and nutritional supplementation, it is imperative to have a comprehensive and extensive guide, which is exactly what Nutritional Supplements in Sports and Exercise provides. The editors and authors have skillfully structured their research and findings as they deliver an accessible wealth of knowledge to the general population, while also maintaining academic and professional integrity through quality based and advanced scientific research, which renders it useful in the professional environment by sports nutritionists, exercise physiologists, strength and conditioning/personal trainers, athletic trainers, registered dietitians, college/ professional sports affiliates, and academic programs. Not only does Nutritional Supplements in Sports and Exercise significantly cover the physical aspects of supplement usage, but it also expands its breadth as it notes the psychological effects upon users and discusses its various governmental regulations, and attempts to understand the future of nutritional supplements as the industry continues its likely growth. Nutritional Supplements in Sports and Exercise covers a timely subject, and offers interested readers knowledgeable insight into a rising industry plagued by concerns and question.

Download or read book Dietary Protein for Performance Health and Disease Management written by Leigh Breen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-08-31 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of 8 weeks of Caffeine Supplementation on Markers of Protein Metabolism in Resistance Trained written by James Gerosa and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resistance training is performed by collegiate and recreational athletes to increase skeletal muscle fiber size and strength. The use of caffeinated beverages and supplements is common among collegiate and recreational athletes with 85% of people aged 18-24 consuming caffeine. The use of caffeine may influence the adaptations to resistance training by altering protein metabolism. PURPOSE: To determine if caffeine intake will alter markers of protein metabolism, strength gains, or body composition in response to resistance training in resistance trained young adult males during an 8-wk training protocol. METHODS: Resistance trained males (n=20, 22.1±2.4 y; 178.1±7.5 cm; 82.8±15.7 kg) were randomly assigned into a caffeine (CAF; n=10) or placebo supplementation group (PLA; n=10). Participants were instructed to consume three caffeine (200 mg per capsule; 7.7±1.3 mg·kg-1) or placebo capsules per day during the course of an 8 wk resistance training protocol. Both groups followed 4-day meat-free meal plans before study commencement, during the 4th week of the protocol, and during the 8th week of the protocol. Skinfold and 10-repetition max test were performed to test body composition and strength, respectively, at each time point. Urine collection (24-hr) was performed to determine urinary 3-methylhistidine (3MH), urinary creatinine (Cr), and the 3MH:creatinine (3MH:Cr). A 2x3 factorial MANOVA with a Bonferroni post-hoc test was used to test significance (p