Download or read book The in Vivo Rate of Postprandial Glycogen Synthesis in Glucocorticoid treated Rats Maintained on Different High Proteins Diets written by Leila Karim Boukarim and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The therapeutic use of glucocorticoids is associated with weight gain and may pl ay an important role in the initiation of obesity, an effect which is undesirabl e and even detrimental. Studies have shown that glucocorticoids increase the dep osition of glycogen in the liver, but it is not known whether this is caused by a decrease in breakdown and /or an increase in synthesis. The present experiment was designed to study the effect of a high pro tein-high fat diet versus a high protein-low fat diet on in vivo postprandial he patic glycogen synthesis of rats taking glucocorticoids. Thirty nine six-week ol d male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: C, control; H P-LF, high protein-low fat; HP-HF+G, high protein high fat with prednisolone; HP -HF, high protein-high fat; HP-HF+G, high protein-high fat prednisolone. Pellets containing 0.25mg of prednisolone each (60-day release) were implanted subcutan eously. The rats were then maintained on their respective diets for 6 weeks, and then fasted overnight. On the day of the experiment, each rat was given 1.25g o f its respective diet by gavage, immediately injected i.p. with 4mCi of H2O, sac rificed one hour later. Blood, liver and fat were taken for analysis. Results showed the plasma glucose concentrations of rats maintained on HP-LF diets were higher than those maintained on HP-HF diets and this was not a ffected by the presence of glucocorticoids. Glycogen content (mg/g liver) was si milar among all groups. Hepatic glycogen synthesis was higher in rats maintained on HP-LF diets compared with those on HP-HF diets and was not substantially aff ected by the presence of glucocorticoids. The percentage of glycogen synthesis v ia pyruvate (indirect pathway) was also higher in rats maintained on the low fat diets compared with those on high fat diets; glucocorticoids did not seem to pl ay a role in this case either. Under high protein conditions, hepatic glycogen synthesis as well as i ts synthesis via pyruvate was increased in the LF groups, and this was not alter ed by prednisolone. Therefore, dietary manipulation seems to be the main determi nant of glycogen metabolism, an effect which does not seem to be overridden by t he presence of glucocorticoids.
Download or read book The Acute Effect of High Protein Diets on Glycogen Synthesis in Rats written by Talar Shavarsh Hagopian and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food intake is supposed to be controlled, to a certain extent, by metabolic factors including glycogen metabolism in the liver. Glutamine and dihydroxyacetone are substances known to increase hepatic glycogenesis. In obese individuals, macronutrient composition of the diet has little effect on the magnitude of weight loss over the short term unless nutrient composition affects caloric intake. Recent weight loss studies have shown the effectiveness of high protein diets in the obese but the complete physiological mechanism behind the success of these diets is still somewhat vague. The present study was designed to investigate the acute effect of different high protein diets, with or without glutamine and dihydroxyacetone, on hepatic glycogen synthesis and food intake of normal Sprague-Dawley rats. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups. Groups were divided according to diet (C: control, HPLF: high protein low fat, HPLF+GDHA: high protein low fat supplemented with glutamine and dihydroxyacetone, HPHF: high protein high fat, HPHF+GDHA: high protein high fat supplemented with glutamine and dihydroxyacetone). Rats were ad lib fed the appropriate diet for 3 days. On the last day, they were fasted overnight, tube fed the following morning with 1.25g their respective diets, injected i.p. with 3mCi of 3H20 and sacrificed one hour later. Plasma and tissue samples were collected. Results showed a significant decrease in food intake and weight gain in HPHF+GDHA group. Postprandial plasma insulin level was also the lowest in the HPHF+GDHA group. Postprandial hepatic glycogen synthesis was higher in GDHA supplemented diets when compared to the unsupplemented high protein diets. In conclusion, high protein, high fat diet supplemented with glutamine and dihydroxyacetone resulted in a decrease in weight gain and food intake possible due to diarrhea. This was associated with an increase in postprandial glycogen synthesis.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Insulin Action written by Alan R. Saltiel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-05 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 18 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, and about 90% of these have the type 2 form of the disease. This book attempts to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. It explores insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems.
Download or read book Diabetes Mellitus in Children written by Mark A. Sperling and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Protein and Amino Acids in Sustaining and Enhancing Performance written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-10-15 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is a commonly held belief that athletes, particularly body builders, have greater requirements for dietary protein than sedentary individuals. However, the evidence in support of this contention is controversial. This book is the latest in a series of publications designed to inform both civilian and military scientists and personnel about issues related to nutrition and military service. Among the many other stressors they experience, soldiers face unique nutritional demands during combat. Of particular concern is the role that dietary protein might play in controlling muscle mass and strength, response to injury and infection, and cognitive performance. The first part of the book contains the committee's summary of the workshop, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The remainder of the book contains papers contributed by speakers at the workshop on such topics as, the effects of aging and hormones on regulation of muscle mass and function, alterations in protein metabolism due to the stress of injury or infection, the role of individual amino acids, the components of proteins, as neurotransmitters, hormones, and modulators of various physiological processes, and the efficacy and safety considerations associated with dietary supplements aimed at enhancing performance.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 1312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diabetes Mellitus written by Derek LeRoith and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2004 with total page 1606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly revised and updated, this Third Edition encompasses the most recent advances in molecular and cellular research and describes the newest therapeutic modalities for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chapters by leading experts integrate the latest basic science and clinical research on diabetes mellitus and its complications. The text is divided into ten major sections, including extensive sections on therapeutics, diabetes during pregnancy, and complications. New chapters cover stem cell therapy for type 1 diabetes; genetics and treatment of obesity; new therapies to promote insulin action; vasculopathy; islet cell protocols; triglycerides in muscle; hypoglycemia in the adult; and the Diabetes Prevention Program.
Download or read book Glucocorticoid Signaling written by Jen-Chywan Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-27 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely volume provides a comprehensive overview of glucocorticoids and their role in regulating many aspects of physiology and their use in the treatment of disease. The book is broken into four sections that begin by giving a general introduction to glucocorticoids and a brief history of the field. The second section will discuss the effects of glucocorticoids on metabolism, while the third section will cover the effects of glucocorticoids on key tissues. The final section will discuss general topics, such as animal models in glucocorticoid research and clinical implications of glucocorticoid research. Featuring chapters from leaders in the field, this volume will be of interest to both researchers and clinicians.
Download or read book Tolerable upper intake levels for vitamins and minerals written by European Commission. Scientific Committee on Food and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Principles of Diabetes Mellitus written by Leonid Poretsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes mellitus is a very common disease which affects approximately 150,000,000 worldwide. With its prevalence rising rapidly, diabetes continues to mystify and fascinate both practitioners and investigators by its elusive causes and multitude of This textbook is written for endocrinologists, specialists in other disciplines who treat diabetic patients, primary care physicians, housestaff and medical students. It covers, in a concise and clear manner, all aspects of the disease, from its pathogenesis on the molecular and cellular levels to its most modern therapy.
Download or read book Handbook of Drug Nutrient Interactions written by Joseph I. Boullata and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-17 with total page 823 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions, Second Edition is an essential new work that provides a scientific look behind many drug-nutrient interactions, examines their relevance, offers recommendations, and suggests research questions to be explored. In the five years since publication of the first edition of the Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions new perspectives have emerged and new data have been generated on the subject matter. Providing both the scientific basis and clinical relevance with appropriate recommendations for many interactions, the topic of drug-nutrient interactions is significant for clinicians and researchers alike. For clinicians in particular, the book offers a guide for understanding, identifying or predicting, and ultimately preventing or managing drug-nutrient interactions to optimize patient care. Divided into six sections all chapters have been revised or are new to this edition. Chapters balance the most technical information with practical discussions and include outlines that reflect the content; discussion questions that can guide the reader to the critical areas covered in each chapter, complete definitions of terms with the abbreviation fully defined and consistent use of terms between chapters. The editors have performed an outstanding service to clinical pharmacology and pharmaco-nutrition by bringing together a multi-disciplinary group of authors. Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions, Second Edition is a comprehensive up-to-date text for the total management of patients on drug and/or nutrition therapy but also an insight into the recent developments in drug-nutrition interactions which will act as a reliable reference for clinicians and students for many years to come.
Download or read book Monitoring Metabolic Status written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-08-29 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. military's concerns about the individual combat service member's ability to avoid performance degradation, in conjunction with the need to maintain both mental and physical capabilities in highly stressful situations, have led to and interest in developing methods by which commanders can monitor the status of the combat service members in the field. This report examines appropriate biological markers, monitoring technologies currently available and in need of development, and appropriate algorithms to interpret the data obtained in order to provide information for command decisions relative to the physiological "readiness" of each combat service member. More specifically, this report also provides responses to questions posed by the military relative to monitoring the metabolic regulation during prolonged, exhaustive efforts, where nutrition/hydration and repair mechanisms may be mismatched to intakes and rest, or where specific metabolic derangements are present.
Download or read book Drug Discovery and Evaluation written by Hans G. Vogel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference book contains a comprehensive selection of the most frequently used assays for reliably detecting pharmacological effects of potential drugs, including tests for cardiovascular, analgesic, psychotropic, metabolic, endocrine, respiratory, renal, and immunomodulatory activities. Each of the over 700 assays comprises a detailed protocol with the purpose and rationale of the method, a description of the experimental procedure, a critical assessment of the results and their pharmacological and clinical relevance, and pertinent references. Identification of specific tests is facilitated by the enclosed CD-ROM which allows for a quick and full text research. An appendix with guidelines and legal regulations for animal experiments in various countries will help to plan these experiments properly in accordance with the welfare of laboratory animals.
Download or read book Nutrition in Sport written by Ronald J. Maughan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 699 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As sports have become more competitive over recent years researchers and trainers have been searching for new and innovative ways of improving performance. Ironically, an area as mundane as what an athlete eats can have profound effects on fitness, health and ultimately, performance in competition. Sports have also gained widespread acceptance in the therapeutic management of athletes with disorders associated with nutritional status. In addition, exercise has been one of the tools used for studying the control of metabolism, creating a wealth of scientific information that needs to be placed in the context of sports medicine and science. Nutrition in Sport provides an exhaustive review of the biochemistry and physiology of eating. The text is divided into three sections and commences with a discussion of the essential elements of diet, including sections on carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and trace elements, and drugs associated with nutrition. It also discusses athletes requiring special consideration, including vegetarians and diabetics. The second section considers the practical aspects of sports nutrition and discusses weight control (essential for sports with weight categories and athletes with eating disorders), the travelling athlete (where travel either disrupts established feeding patterns or introduces new hazards), environmental aspects of nutrition (including altitude and heat), and the role of sports nutritional products.
Download or read book Medical Biochemistry written by N. V. Bhagavan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 1068 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text presents the fundamentals of biochemistry and related topics for all those pursuing medical or other health-related fields such as clinical chemistry, medical technology, or pharmacology.
Download or read book The Discovery of Insulin written by Michael Bliss and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2017-06-22 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of insulin at the University of Toronto in 1921-22 was one of the most dramatic events in the history of the treatment of disease. Insulin was a wonder-drug with ability to bring patients back from the very brink of death, and it was no surprise that in 1923 the Nobel Prize for Medicine was awarded to its discoverers, the Canadian research team of Banting, Best, Collip, and Macleod. In this engaging and award-winning account, historian Michael Bliss recounts the fascinating story behind the discovery of insulin – a story as much filled with fiery confrontation and intense competition as medical dedication and scientific genius. Originally published in 1982 and updated in 1996, The Discovery of Insulin has won the City of Toronto Book Award, the Jason Hannah Medal of the Royal Society of Canada, and the William H. Welch Medal of the American Association for the History of Medicine.
Download or read book Principles of Biochemistry written by Reginald H. Garrett and published by Cengage Learning. This book was released on 2002 with total page 984 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Biochemistry With a human focus : study guide and problem book.
