Download or read book The Impacts of Stocking Hatchery Reared Trout on the Native Brook Trout Populations of Two Streams in Central Virginia written by Arthur L. LaRoche and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chattahoochee Oconee National Forests written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1054 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land and Resource Management Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fisheries and Wildlife Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Report on activities in the divisions of research.
Download or read book Annual Report United States Fish and Wildlife Service written by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Impact of Increasing Fishing Pressure Upon Wild and Hatchery reared Trout Populations written by Hayden M. Ratledge and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metropolitan Washington D C Area Water Supply Study Maryland Virginia and the District of Columbia written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Entirely Synthetic Fish written by Anders Halverson and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2010-03-02 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anders Halverson provides an exhaustively researched and grippingly rendered account of the rainbow trout and why it has become the most commonly stocked and controversial freshwater fish in the United States. Discovered in the remote waters of northern California, rainbow trout have been artificially propagated and distributed for more than 130 years by government officials eager to present Americans with an opportunity to get back to nature by going fishing. Proudly dubbed an entirely synthetic fish by fisheries managers, the rainbow trout has been introduced into every state and province in the United States and Canada and to every continent except Antarctica, often with devastating effects on the native fauna. Halverson examines the paradoxes and reveals a range of characters, from nineteenth-century boosters who believed rainbows could be the saviors of democracy to twenty-first-century biologists who now seek to eradicate them from waters around the globe. Ultimately, the story of the rainbow trout is the story of our relationship with the natural world--how it has changed and how it startlingly has not.
Download or read book Comparison of Brook Trout Populations and Habitat Parameters Between Eastern Kentucky Stocked Streams and Native Virginia Streams written by Grayson Richard Patton and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1968, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service stocked two streams, located in Wolfe County, Kentucky with brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) with hopes of establishing naturally reproducing populations. Shortly thereafter, four other brook trout populations were established. Very little is known about these populations and some biologists are skeptical to their contemporary existence. This study assessed Kentucky's introduced brook trout to determine their present day distribution and abundance, and then determined how each stream and population compares to two reference streams with native populations of brook trout located in Grayson County, Virginia. Brook trout were captured at each stream using a backpack electrofisher, and total lengths and weights were measured. Water temperature was collected using data loggers placed in each stream and riparian canopy cover was estimated using a vertical densiometer. In addition, air temperature and rainfall data were gathered from local weather stations. Brook trout were located in three out of five surveyed Kentucky streams, including young-of-the-year individuals, which provided evidence for natural reproduction. Virginia reference streams tended to have higher abundances (VA Catch per unit effort (CPUE) 38 and 41 brook trout/hour; KY CPUE's 6, 19 and 12 brook trout/hour) and relative weights (F=5.1316, P
Download or read book Sport Fishery Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Stocking on Genetics of Wild Brook Trout Populations written by Charles C. Krueger and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Stocking on the Genetic Diversity of Native Brook Trout Salvelinus Frontinalis Populations written by Rodney Michael McAllister and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessing Populations of Eastern Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis Above and Below Waterfalls in Mountain Streams of Virginia written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenically driven factors, such as increasing temperature and sediment in valley streams, acidification of mountain streams, and the introduction of non-native trout, are restricting habitat suitable for healthy populations of eastern brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) throughout their native Appalachian range. Brook trout are important as predators of insects in mountain streams and as a favorite of anglers. It is crucial that remaining populations in sustainable habitats be identified and preserved. Waterfalls are geologic knickpoints preventing base-level lowering that create unique, stable landscapes above them, which may alleviate the temperature-productivity/acidity "habitat squeeze" for populations of brook trout and could serve as potentially ideal targets for conservation efforts despite being isolated. This study investigates brook trout occurrence above waterfalls in Virginia and compares brook trout populations found above waterfalls to those below them. One-hundred meter reaches above and below seven waterfalls in Virginia's George Washington and Jefferson National Forest were sampled for brook trout via 3-pass, block-netted, backpack electrofishing depletions. All brook trout were counted, weighed, and measured for fork length. The response variables are differences in 1) percent dominance, 2) population size, 3) biomass, and 4) length-weight index (Fulton's Condition Factor) between brook trout above and below waterfalls. Brook trout dominance (100 vs. 36.9%) is greater above than below waterfalls, but not significantly (p = 0.1003). We found abundance (26 vs.12 individuals per 100m) and overall biomass (885.3 vs 284.6 grams per 100m) of brook trout populations above waterfalls to be significantly greater than their below waterfall counterparts (p = 0.078 for both). We also found brook trout above waterfalls to have a higher condition factor (1.086g/cm3 vs 1.0636g/cm3) than those below waterfalls (p = 0.031). Lastly, we found populations above waterfalls where their occurrence was previously unknown. Despite being isolated, brook trout populations above waterfalls were just as if not more robust than those below and may be excellent targets for conservation.
Download or read book PH Preference and Avoidance of Adult Brook Trout and Brown Trout written by Brooks Fost and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A recent analysis of Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission historical data collected fromstreams throughout Pennsylvania containing trout concluded that base-flow pH is stronglycorrelated to the observed segregation of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Brown Trout(Salmo trutta). Populations of Brook Trout, which are native to Pennsylvania, predominated atpH7.0 (mostly headwaters), while Brown Trout, an introduced species that has becomenaturalized in much of Pennsylvania, predominated at pH7.0 (lower reaches). The decline ofhistoric Brook Trout populations has been linked in part to competition with Brown Trout (Hudy2005). The relationship between the segregation pattern observed and pH is significant becauselow pH may be acting as a barrier that prevents further invasion of Brown Trout into theheadwaters, where Brook Trout populations remain strong.The overall goal of this study was to examine the influence of pH and species interactions on thedistribution of Brook Trout and Brown Trout in Pennsylvania streams. The first study examinedshifts in Brook Trout and Brown Trout pH preference/avoidance after exposure to different pHconditions. Adaptation to pH is important because the results of behavioral studies may differdepending on pH exposure history. Adaptation to pH is particularly important for Brook Troutand Brown Trout because these species are often segregated in streams with a pH gradient,suggesting that behavioral responses to pH differ between the two species. In order to study howthe behavioral response differed between the two species, it was necessary to determine if pHexposure history altered behavioral response. Thus, hatchery-reared Brook Trout and BrownTrout were exposed to different holding pH treatments for seven days prior to determining theirbehavioral response to pH. Preference was determined in a long trough where a gradient of pH(4.0-7.0) was presented to fish. Steep gradient choice tanks were used to determine avoidance.ivI found that hatchery-reared Brook Trout and Brown Trout pH preference was not influenced byholding pH. Results of pH avoidance trials were similar to that of preference studies, in thatholding pH did not alter pH avoidance of either species. This study suggested that individuals ofthese species can be held in the laboratory at a pH different from the source waterbody for ashort period of time without altering preference or avoidance behavior. Thus, the pH of thelaboratory source water was not adjusted for the purposes of examining preference andavoidance behavior of wild fish.The second study investigated the pH preference and avoidance of wild, adult Brook Trout andBrown Trout using the same methodology applied in the first study. The behavioral response ofBrook Trout and Brown Trout to low pH is one of factor that may lead to the observedsegregation pattern of the two species in Pennsylvania streams. The observed segregationpattern and behavioral responses to episodic events suggest that differences in the pH preferredor avoided may exist. Although pH preference and avoidance of juveniles have been established,the preference and avoidance of adults have not been examined.Wild, adult Brown Trout showed a preference for pH 4.0 while wild, adult Brook Trout did notprefer any pH within the range tested (pH 4.0 7.0). Adult Brown Trout displayed a lack ofavoidance at pH below 5.0, which is similar to that reported for juvenile Brown Trout. Theavoidance pH of wild, adult Brook Trout (between pH 5.5 and 6.0) and Brown Trout (betweenpH 6.5 and 7.0) did not differ appreciably from earlier study results for the avoidance pH ofjuvenile Brook Trout and Brown Trout. A comparison of confidence intervals around theseavoidance estimates indicates avoidance pH is similar among adult Brook Trout and BrownTrout in this study. However, the limited overlap of confidence intervals for avoidance pHvalues for the two species suggests that some Brown Trout will display avoidance at a higher pHvwhen Brook Trout will not. The results of this laboratory study indicate that adult Brook Trout Brown Trout segregation patterns in Pennsylvania streams could be related to pH and thatcompetition with Brown Trout could be mediating the occurrence of Brook Trout at some pHlevels. The preference and avoidance pH results from this study were used to design fieldexperiments involving species interactions and pH.The final study examined the effects of acidification and species interactions on the distributionof Brook Trout and Brown Trout. Although pH appeared to be correlated with the observeddistribution patterns of Brook Trout and Brown Trout in Pennsylvania streams, our laboratorystudies examining the avoidance pH of wild, adult Brook Trout and Brown Trout did notconclusively find that avoidance pH differs between these species. The lack of conclusivedifference in the pH avoidance threshold did not rule out pH as a mediating factor. Interactionsbetween Brook Trout and Brown Trout could lead to habitat partitioning in a stream. BrownTrout are considered superior competitors, but a physiological advantage may allow Brook Troutto dominate Brown Trout in headwaters, particularly if pH is lower. Thus, the behavior of wild,adult Brook Trout and Brown Trout (alone and in combination) was observed in study reachesthat were manipulated to vary the level of acidity and CO2.In the artificial stream channel, the majority of indwelling fish (fish that spent greater than 0seconds on the treatment side during the control observation period) responded to acidificationby moving to more neutral conditions (62% of Brook Trout and 68% of Brown Trout).Indwelling Brook Trout spent less time in acidic conditions during the acid treatment (41 5%)than during the control period (94 2%). However, elevated levels of CO2 may have causedtheir avoidance at a higher pH. Indwelling Brown Trout spent less time in the acid conditionsduring the acid treatment (44 4%) than during a control period (98 1%). The proportion ofvitime spent in the acid water by indwelling trout decreased as negative interactions with other fish(such as chasing) increased. Presence of the opposite species did not influence the proportion oftime spent in the acidic conditions. The results of this study do not support the hypothesis thatacidification mediates the segregation of Brook Trout and Brown Trout in Pennsylvania streams.Confounding factors, relating to changes in CO2 associated with the acid manipulation, andissues relating to stocking density need further investigation to identify what role these may haveplayed.
Download or read book Conservation Strategies for Eastern Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis Salmonidae written by Michael Brunson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In an effort to highlight best practices in the management of wild eastern brook trout, an examination was performed of brook trout management plans and stocking habits for seven randomly selected states within the species native range. Additionally, surveys were distributed to these state’s members of Trout Unlimited (TU) in an effort to understand angler motivations, awareness of and attitudes about their state’s stocking practices and protection of wild brook trout fisheries. The states selected were within the eastern brook trout’s native range and included West Virginia, Tennessee, Pennsylvania, Maine, Vermont, Maryland, and North Carolina. While each state differs in its efforts to either restore or protect existing wild brook trout populations, all seven states continue to stock hatchery-raised brook trout to maintain a viable sport fishery. However, regarding stocking dynamics, each state has unique policies regarding where the stocking occurs in relation to how these efforts potentially impacts wild populations. Survey results indicated that, while the majority of TU members expressed a strong understanding of their states stocking practices, they were still strongly interested in gaining additional information, indicating a need for more transparency regarding stocking habits and practices. Furthermore, survey results indicated that a large percentage of TU members still enjoy fishing for popular, nonnative, sport fish such as bass and brown trout. Additionally, support for policies protecting wild brook trout diminished as opportunities for catching larger fish diminished along with the removal of popular, nonnative sport fish. Overall, results indicated a need for fisheries managers to work more closely with cold-water conservation organizations, such as Trout Unlimited, and their members to assist in the crafting of policies that benefit both the sport fishing industry and wild brook trout populations."--leaf 4.
Download or read book Effect of Change in Habitat Quality on Brook Trout Distribution and Abundance in Two Western Virginia Streams written by John R. Jordan (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
