Download or read book Impact of Regulation on Industrial Innovation written by Grabowski and published by . This book was released on 1979-06-01 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Impact of Regulation on Industrial Innovation written by Henry G. Grabowski and published by Theclassics.Us. This book was released on 2013-09 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1979-06 edition. Excerpt: ...also pointed out that the direct regulatory control procedures used by the EPA in water (and air) pollution do not provide strong positive incentives for firms to develop pollution-reducing technological advances. Rather, the current laws tend instead to channel the firm's efforts toward those approaches that have been sanctioned by regulatory authorities and that will avoid trouble in gaining their approval. Charles Schultze of the CEA has pointed out that laws that mandate regulatory authorities to impose the "best available technology" operate as a strong deterrent to experimentation with new techniques and technologies. He asks in this regard, "will firms in polluting industries sponsor research or undertake experimentation to develop a new means of reducing pollution still further if its very availability will generate new and more stringent regulations?" (Schultze, 1977, p. 53). The point, of course, is not that environmental legislation has not created a substantial demand for new pollution-control technologies. There is no question that this legislation has accelerated the development of numerous new technologies for pollution control. There are even instances in which innovation in pollution-control equipment has had positive spillover effects on firm efficiency and profitability as well as yielding broader social gains. But there is also ample evidence from which we conclude that the centralized mode of direct regulatory controls used in this country is not the best approach for encouraging such pollution-reducing technologies. The experiences in regulating air pollution from auto emissions (discussed below) provides a particularly good case illustration of this point. In place of the present centralized bureaucratic system...

Download or read book The Impact of Federal Regulation of Industrial Innovation written by Henry G. Grabowski and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Innovation Policy Impact written by Jakob Edler and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovation underpins competitiveness, is crucial to addressing societal challenges, and its support has become a major public policy goal. But what really works in innovation policy, and why? This Handbook, compiled by leading experts in the field, is the first comprehensive guide to understanding the logic and effects of innovation polices. The Handbook develops a conceptualisation and typology of innovation policies, presents meta-evaluations for 16 key innovation policy instruments and analyses evidence on policy-mix. For each policy instrument, underlying rationales and examples are presented, along with a critical analysis of the available impact evidence. Providing access to primary sources of impact analysis, the book offers an insightful assessment of innovation policy practice and its evaluation.

Download or read book Industrial Innovation and Environmental Regulation written by International Development Research Centre (Canada) and published by IDRC. This book was released on 2007 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What role should governments play in protecting the environment and controlling the environmental impacts of industry? Do regulations benefit the environment? And how do they affect industrial innovation? Since the early 1970s, regulations have been used to coerce producers of goods and services into internalizing the environmental costs of production. These efforts have often faced opposition on practical and ideological grounds. Beginning in the 1980s, there has been a movement toward liberalization, coupled with the continued failure of the market to protect the environment as a public good. As a result, private and public sector interests have been debating the appropriate role of governments in protecting and improving the environment and controlling the environmental impact of industry. Using case studies from numerous countries, this book examines political and industrial trends and the responses to these challenges. The authors conclude that the complexities of environmental and economic relationships disallow universal solutions, and they stress the need for context-specific perspectives on the role of regulatory measures in environmental innovation.

Download or read book The Changing Economics of Medical Technology written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans praise medical technology for saving lives and improving health. Yet, new technology is often cited as a key factor in skyrocketing medical costs. This volume, second in the Medical Innovation at the Crossroads series, examines how economic incentives for innovation are changing and what that means for the future of health care. Up-to-date with a wide variety of examples and case studies, this book explores how payment, patent, and regulatory policiesâ€"as well as the involvement of numerous government agenciesâ€"affect the introduction and use of new pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and surgical procedures. The volume also includes detailed comparisons of policies and patterns of technological innovation in Western Europe and Japan. This fact-filled and practical book will be of interest to economists, policymakers, health administrators, health care practitioners, and the concerned public.

Download or read book The Impact of Rate of Return Regulation on Technological Innovation written by Mark W. Frank and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contends that various forms of regulation have costs as well as benefits and it examines the impact of government regulation on the innovativeness of ’monopolies’ - in this book meaning firms with the power to affect market price. The government regulation analyzed in this case is limited to rate-of-return regulation. Using theoretical models such as the Averch-Johnson model and a two-stage Nash equilibrium model, this volume examines whether regulated monopolies engage in more or less technological innovation than unregulated monopolies. Furthermore, if the unregulated (or less regulated) monopolies do engage in more research and development than regulated ones, it questions whether social welfare would be greater with the former. Using a case study of ten privately-owned electric utilities in the State of Texas, USA, it then tests out the general propositions brought forward by the theoretical modelling and finally makes its conclusions taking into consideration both theoretical and empirical findings.

Download or read book IMPLICATIONS of environmental regulation on industrial innovation written by F. Leone and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Policy Regulation and Innovation in China s Electricity and Telecom Industries written by Loren Brandt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-30 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Openness and competition sparked major advances in Chinese industry. Recent policy reversals emphasizing indigenous innovation seem likely to disappoint.

Download or read book Draft Report on Environmental Health and Safety Regulations written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Regulation on Innovation written by Susan E. Dudley and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clear rules of the game (e.g., established property rights and institutions of exchange) are important for innovation and entrepreneurship to flourish, but how those rules are defined is important. The scope and reach of federal regulation in the United States has been increasing over the last 30 years, and while federal agencies often try to quantify the benefits and costs of their regulations before they are issued, those measures are necessarily static, and bounded by data available to, and assumptions made by, the analyst. These analyses cannot capture the organic, dynamic nature of innovation nor anticipate how participants in a market might respond to incentives created by the regulation. Arguments that support “technology forcing” regulations often neglect the opportunities foregone when resources are devoted in a particular direction. Further, because regulations can confer competitive advantage on certain market participants at the expense of others, they provide incentives to focus innovative energy on influencing the rules, rather than innovating along more productive dimensions. Scholarship of the 1960s and 1970s showed that price and entry regulation tended to benefit organized interests at the expense of the broader public interest, and led to the economic deregulation movement that served to increase competition in several previously-regulated industries, with resulting improvements in innovation and consumer welfare. I hope to generate discussion of the effects of regulatory practices on innovation using current examples.

Download or read book The Impact of Regulation on Innovation written by Philippe Aghion and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does regulation affect the pace and nature of innovation and if so, by how much? We build a tractable and quantifiable endogenous growth model with size-contingent regulations. We apply this to population administrative firm panel data from France, where many labor regulations apply to firms with 50 or more employees. Nonparametrically, we find that there is a sharp fall in the fraction of innovating firms just to the left of the regulatory threshold. Further, a dynamic analysis shows a sharp reduction in the firm's innovation response to exogenous demand shocks for firms just below the regulatory threshold. We then quantitatively fit the parameters of the model to the data, finding that innovation at the macro level is about 5.4% lower due to the regulation, a 2.2% consumption equivalent welfare loss. Four-fifths of this loss is due to lower innovation intensity per firm rather than just a misallocation towards smaller firms and lower entry. We generalize the theory to allow for changes in the direction of R&D, and find that regulation's negative effects only matter for incremental innovation (as measured by citations and text-based measures of novelty). A more regulated economy may have less innovation, but when firms do innovate they tend to "swing for the fence" with more radical (and labor saving) breakthroughs.

Download or read book Permissionless Innovation The Continuing Case for Comprehensive Technological Freedom written by Adam Thierer and published by Mercatus Center at George Mason University. This book was released on 2016-03-15 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Will innovators be forced to seek the blessing of public officials before they develop and deploy new devices and services, or will they be generally left free to experiment with new technologies and business models? In this book, Adam Thierer argues that if the former disposition, “the precautionary principle,” trumps the latter, “permissionless innovation,” the result will be fewer services, lower-quality goods, higher prices, diminished economic growth, and a decline in the overall standard of living. When public policy is shaped by “precautionary principle” reasoning, it poses a serious threat to technological progress, economic entrepreneurialism, and long-run prosperity. By contrast, permissionless innovation has fueled the success of the Internet and much of the modern tech economy in recent years, and it is set to power the next great industrial revolution—if we let it.

Download or read book The Impact of Regulation on Industrial Innovation written by Henry G. Grabowski and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1979 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Economic Regulation and Its Reform written by Nancy L. Rose and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-08-29 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past thirty years have witnessed a transformation of government economic intervention in broad segments of industry throughout the world. Many industries historically subject to economic price and entry controls have been largely deregulated, including natural gas, trucking, airlines, and commercial banking. However, recent concerns about market power in restructured electricity markets, airline industry instability amid chronic financial stress, and the challenges created by the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act, which allowed commercial banks to participate in investment banking, have led to calls for renewed market intervention. Economic Regulation and Its Reform collects research by a group of distinguished scholars who explore these and other issues surrounding government economic intervention. Determining the consequences of such intervention requires a careful assessment of the costs and benefits of imperfect regulation. Moreover, government interventions may take a variety of forms, from relatively nonintrusive performance-based regulations to more aggressive antitrust and competition policies and barriers to entry. This volume introduces the key issues surrounding economic regulation, provides an assessment of the economic effects of regulatory reforms over the past three decades, and examines how these insights bear on some of today’s most significant concerns in regulatory policy.

Download or read book Innovation Oriented Environmental Regulation written by J. Hemmelskamp and published by . This book was released on 2014-10-02 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Impact of Regulation on Entrepreneurship and Innovation written by Erin Lynne Scott and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While entrepreneurs are hailed as the key to innovation and growth, often in industries where these benefits are most desired, governments add regulations that may handicap entrepreneurs and dampen these benefits. Given the importance of both entrepreneurship and regulation to improving social outcomes, it is imperative for entrepreneurship scholars and policy makers to better understand these apparently countervailing forces of free entry and regulation. This work investigates the impact of regulations on competition, entry, and innovation (productivity growth) using the natural quasi-experimental properties of the U.S. bail bond industry. The first chapter analyzes the impact of entry and operating regulation on price competition. Entry is valued because it triggers competition through lower price-cost margins in the short run and greater efficiency in the long run. However, there is concern that regulations, by restricting entry, may deter competition. I adapt Bresnahan and Reiss' (1991) methodology to examine a proprietary data set of firm counts, demand, and regulations and use counter-factual policy experiments to test not only the effects of regulation on price competition generally, but also the relative effects of particular regulations. This analysis finds the counter-intuitive result that a regulatory environment with entry regulations requires fewer firms than an environment with unrestricted entry to achieve a competitive environment. Operating regulations were found to have no impact on price competition. These results suggest that there does not appear to be a penalty to price competition from regulations. Entrepreneurship is valued primarily because it stimulates Schumpeter's gale of creative destruction. However, a popular view, reinforced by recent empirical work on regulatory reform, is that regulation inhibits entrepreneurship and innovation (productivity growth). The second chapter of my dissertation investigates this relationship. As regulations are designed primarily for first-order concerns such as correcting market failures, it is important to understand the relative performance of different types of regulations with respect to their impact on entry and innovation. However, the literature offers little guidance. This is because prior empirical work has either looked at the impact of a particular regulation or, more commonly, has employed proxy measures of regulatory extent. This analysis uses structural models of the entrepreneur's entry decision and the incumbent's continuation (not to exit) decision to conduct counterfactual policy experiments that allow for comparison of the impact of different regulatory regimes on entry and innovation. Results from this exercise indicate that regulations that operate through firm selection mechanisms decrease firm counts, yet increase innovation whereas regulations that seek to alter firm behavior directly have no impact on firm entry or innovation. These results suggest that it is possible to design regulations without imposing the Schumpeterian cost on innovation. They also provide preliminary evidence as to which regulations best accomplish this goal.