Download or read book The Impact of Maternal High Fat Diet and Caffeine Exposure on Maternal and Offspring Health written by Vivian Ying Szeto and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maternal malnutrition and resulting metabolic state is detrimental to offspring survival and increases offspring disease risk. Despite prevalence of maternal obesity and caffeine use during pregnancy, the effects on fetal outcomes are unclear. In this study, mice were fed with 60% high fat diet and/or 0.3g/L caffeine in water for 5 weeks prior to mating and through gestation and lactation. Caffeine effectively reduced high-fat diet induced weight gain however resulted in detrimental effects on offspring survival. Neurodevelopment and anxiety-like behaviours were altered in offspring born from obese dams using caffeine and this was correlated with reduction in maternal-pup interaction. These results highlight the differential effects of maternal caffeine on offspring health which are nutritional status dependent and may be mediated by changes in maternal care.

Download or read book The Role of Maternal High Fat Feeding on the Developmental Programming of Adulthood Disease written by Sarah Henry and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now well understood that the maternal environment encountered as a fetus can profoundly influence an individual's risk of developing a myriad of diseases in later life. In particular, maternal nutritional challenges can have significant developmental impacts to the fetus and this concept is generally referred to as the Developmental Programming of Adulthood Health and Disease. As many developed nations, including Australia, shift to states of nutritional excess, research focusing on adverse maternal conditions such as obesity, diabetes and high fat feeding is becoming critically relevant. Whilst numerous studies have begun to characterise the role of maternal obesity on offspring health, there is almost no understanding of how consumption of a maternal high fat diet, that does not cause frank obesity, might contribute to the programming of offspring health. Maternal obesity is not an isolated condition, and confounding factors such as altered hormonal profiles and gestational diabetes can make it difficult to delineate what factors are driving the varied developmental changes observed in offspring.While the longer term impacts of maternal high fat feeding on adult offspring is relatively well understood, there is limited information on the impact of high fat intake on the in utero environment, including the amniotic fluid and placenta. Furthermore, greater characterisation of the fetal phenotype is needed following maternal high fat feeding. In particular, limited information is available on the role of maternal fat intake and renal development. Finally, although several studies have assessed the role of maternal fat intake on aspects of postnatal vascular and cardiovascular function, adult renal function has not been fully assessed, despite strong evidence that disrupted renal development may increase the risk of developing disease in later life. AIMS & OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the impact of high maternal dietary saturated fat intake on fetal and postnatal development, including identifying the in utero adaptations to amniotic fluid lipid composition, fetal (including kidney) and placental growth and function. Long-term aims included investigation of the postnatal phenotype of offspring born to fat fed mothers, with particular focus on evaluating the long-term effects on renal, cardiovascular and sympathetic function.We hypothesised that maternal high fat feeding would modify placental transport of nutrients, resulting in a hyperlipidaemic fetal amniotic environment. As a result, fetal growth trajectory and organ development, specifically the kidneys, would be disrupted. Furthermore, we postulated that exposure to maternal high fat feeding would result in augmented blood pressure and renal dysfunction in offspring in later life and that increased sympathetic nerve activity may be responsible for these disruptions in physiological function. METHODS Investigations were carried out using Sprague-Dawley rats. For embryonic studies, female breeders were fed either a control (C; 7% canola oil) or a lard rich high fat (HF) (3% canola oil and 20% lard) diet for 3 weeks prior to mating and throughout pregnancy until embryonic day (E) 14.25, E17.25 or E20. At collection, embryos and placentas were weighed. Amniotic fluid and maternal plasma lipid profiles were determined using a lipidomics approach facilitated by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS). Renal development was examined via culturing of embryonic kidneys and quantification of branching morphogenesis. In addition, gene expression of placental transporters and fetal liver substrates involved in lipid metabolism were determined using qPCR.For postnatal studies, female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to either C or HF diet for 3 weeks prior to mating, throughout pregnancy and lactation. From weaning, offspring were chow fed ad libitum. Physiological experiments were undertaken at 6 and 12 months of age. Renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma (eRPF) and blood flow (eRBF) were estimated in anaesthetized rats by 3H-inulin and 14C-para-aminohippurate clearance. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were determined in conscious animals using radiotelemetry. At 1 year of age, whole body noradrenaline spillover was estimated in anaesthetized rats. 3H-noradrenaline was infused and whole body noradrenaline spillover was calculated. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was then infused to determine changes in sympathetic arousal in response to acute hypotension. In addition, renal noradrenaline content was determined during development (E20) and in postnatal animals at 21 days and 1 year as a proxy measure of sympathetic nerve development and long-term sympathetic nerve activity respectively. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Maternal high fat feeding resulted in hyperlipidaemia, and this was reflected in amniotic fluid lipid content, with significant increases in amniotic fluid triglyceride concentrations in late gestation. In contrast to our hypothesis, fetal renal development did not differ between C and HF exposed embryos, however minor changes were observed in placental growth and transporter expression. These placental modifications do not fully explain the significant increases in amniotic fluid lipid content in late gestation. Further investigation indicated that increased fetal hepatic lipogenic gene expression was not a mechanism involved with increased triglyceride concentration in amniotic fluid.To further characterise our phenotype, development of offspring was followed into the postnatal period. We found that maternal high fat feeding was associated with significantly increased blood pressure in both male and female offspring at 12 months. In addition, sexually dimorphic renal dysfunction was evident in offspring of fat fed dams at 12 months of age. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to analyse renal function in a model of maternal high fat feeding, using gold standard techniques. Again, in contrast to our hypothesis, investigation into sympathetic nervous system revealed there was no difference in sympathetic activity between experimental groups, and that this was not a mechanism contributing to the renal and cardiovascular dysfunction in offspring exposed to in utero HF conditions. As such, it appears that other factors are driving the physiological dysfunction in this model. We hypothesise that vascular function may be impaired in HF exposed offspring and that this may be the major mechanisms driving the observed renal and cardiovascular dysfunction. CONCLUSION The findings from this thesis clearly demonstrate that even modest increases in saturated fat intake can alter the in utero environment, and the consequences of these early life modifications are seen in postnatal life, with significant renal and cardiovascular dysfunction. Importantly, this model of high fat feeding is not dissimilar to what many women are consuming during pregnancy - that is, the consumption of high saturated fats without apparent obesity. From an obstetrics perspective, it is clear that there is more to the picture than factors such as maternal obesity, and that dietary levels of saturated fatty acids should also be monitored. Whilst it appears that maternal obesity leads to a more severe phenotype in models of programming, high saturated fat intake during pregnancy cannot be ignored, and increased intake of this fatty acid has long term detrimental effects on the fetus.As we move to an increasing burden of chronic diseases, such as kidney and cardiovascular disease, it is vitally important to understand the impact of the early life environment on health and disease in later life. Furthermore, an understanding of the mechanism contributing to perturbed tissue and organ development may aid early intervention and as such disease prevention in later life. Controlling saturated fat intake during pregnancy may be a small but significant step in reducing the risk of developing adulthood diseases in later life.Finally, from a clinical perspective, the dietary model used in this project is not dissimilar to what many pregnant women in developed nations would be consuming. It highlights an important concept that women who consume a high fat diet during pregnancy, but do not develop obesity, are still placing the developing fetus at risk. Furthermore, it highlights that early intervention may be clinically important in potentially reducing the prevalence of adult chronic diseases.

Download or read book Maternal Diet and Offspring Health written by Clare Marie Reynolds and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-04-08 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Maternal High Fat Diet Consumption on Offspring Letpin Signaling and Brain Development written by Sophie Corinne Trombetta and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Impact of Maternal Nutrition on the Offspring written by Gerard Hornstra and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maternal nutritional status affects the offsprings health development significantly during early embryogenesis, pregnancy, birth and lactation, and subsequently determines health during growth and even throughout adulthood. On the other end of the human lifetime scale, the importance of maternal nutrition expands into the time period before conception: Pre-conception nutritional status not only influences fertility, but also embryogenesis and life-long health. Predisposition for coronary heart diseases, Type-2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension can be caused by intrauterine adaptations to fetal malnutrition. Hence, optimizing nutrition for women during their reproductive period can be expected to have a great impact on the well being of the next generation. This workshop dealt with the effects of maternal nutrition on fetal growth, metabolic programming, energy and nutrient requirements, as well as under- and over-nutrition during pregnancy. Finally, it addressed the question of whether a distinct diet during pregnancy could reduce food allergy in the progeny. This book is a valuable and complete source of knowledge for all professionals involved in pediatrics, nutrition policy, womens health, immunology, epidemiology and public health.

Download or read book Running Head Bpa and High Fat Diet on Maternal and Offspring Behavior Perinatal Bpa Exposure with Maternal High Fat Diet Effects on Maternal Care and Offspring Social Recognition Memory written by Stephanie M. Boas and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Maternal High Fat Feeding written by Laura Castelli and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Impact of Maternal High fat Consumption on Offspring Exercise Performance Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism and Obesity Susceptibility written by Juliane Kasch and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Obesity is thought to be the consequence of an unhealthy nutrition and a lack of physical activity. Although the resulting metabolic alterations such as impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity can usually be improved by physical activity, some obese patients fail to enhance skeletal muscle metabolic health with exercise training. Since this might be largely heritable, maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is hypothesized to impair offspring skeletal muscle physiology. Objectives: This PhD thesis aims to investigate the consequences of maternal high-fat diet (mHFD) consumption on offspring skeletal muscle physiology and exercise performance. We could show that maternal high-fat diet during gestation and lactation decreases the offspring's training efficiency and endurance performance by influencing the epigenetic profile of their skeletal muscle and altering the adaptation to an acute exercise bout, which in long-term, increases offspring obesity susceptibility. Experimental setup: To investigate ...

Download or read book Impact of Maternal High fat Consumption on Offspring Exercise Performance Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism and Obesity Susceptibility written by Juliane Kasch and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Obesity is thought to be the consequence of an unhealthy nutrition and a lack of physical activity. Although the resulting metabolic alterations such as impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity can usually be improved by physical activity, some obese patients fail to enhance skeletal muscle metabolic health with exercise training. Since this might be largely heritable, maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is hypothesized to impair offspring skeletal muscle physiology. Objectives: This PhD thesis aims to investigate the consequences of maternal high-fat diet (mHFD) consumption on offspring skeletal muscle physiology and exercise performance. We could show that maternal high-fat diet during gestation and lactation decreases the offspring's training efficiency and endurance performance by influencing the epigenetic profile of their skeletal muscle and altering the adaptation to an acute exercise bout, which in long-term, increases offspring obesity susceptibility. Experimental setup: To investigate ...

Download or read book Influence of Maternal High Fat Diet Stress and Cocaine on Neural Mechanisms of Reward and Anxiety in Rat Offspring written by Aya Sasaki and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maternal obesity has important health consequences for the mother and her offspring. Experiments presented in this dissertation explored the role of maternal overnutrition with a high fat diet (HFD) on several aspects of offspring phenotype: reward- and stress-related behaviours, the endocrine stress response, and associated neural gene expression. First, I examined maternal HFD effects on offspring phenotype in stress-related brain regions. Maternal HFD was associated with altered expression of stress-related genes, a heightened endocrine stress response and increased anxiety behaviour in adult offspring. Genes central to stress and drug addiction (TH and CRF) were upregulated in HFD offspring, suggesting that maternal HFD alters neural systems underlying related processes. Second, I investigated the role of maternal HFD on offspring phenotype following chronic cocaine exposure. Maternal HFD increased anxiety in saline-treated control females, reduced anxiety in cocaine-treated females, but did not interact with cocaine-primed locomotor activity or neural gene expression. These findings suggest that maternal HFD modulates offspring anxiety behavior with chronic cocaine exposure. Third, I investigated the role of maternal HFD and maternal stress on offspring phenotype given acute cocaine exposure. Maternal HFD did not interact with cocaine at the level of behavior or gene expression. However, there was an increase in locomotor activity in males exposed to maternal HFD, and with maternal stress at a high dose of cocaine. These findings suggest that, overall, maternal HFD and stress increase cocaine-induced locomotor activity in offspring through common but not identical neural mechanisms. Finally, in parallel I investigated the role of pre-gestational cocaine on offspring phenotype, and demonstrated an effect on the locomotor activating effects of cocaine in adult male offspring, as well as dopamine receptor 1 expression in the medial prefrontal cortex. These findings suggest increased sensitivity to cocaine in the male offspring of mothers given pre-gestational cocaine. The collective findings are discussed within a framework of maternal influences on cocaine sensitivity in offspring, wherein maternal HFD and pre-gestational cocaine confer increased sensitivity of stress- and reward-related responses in offspring.

Download or read book The Impact of Maternal Nutrition on the Development and Severity of Generalized Anxiety Disorders in Rodent and Non Human Primate Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Generalized anxiety has become more prevalent among children and adolescents in the United States which impacts their health and livelihood. Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is purported to play a role in cognitive development and mental health during childhood, adolescence, and into adulthood. The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease theory suggests maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy influences transgenerational susceptibility, onset, and severity of disease through epigenetic mechanisms that then impact the child’s overall health, including cognitive development and mental health later in life. A literature review of rodents and non-human primate studies was conducted to explore the association between fetal exposure to a maternal high-fat diet and the development and severity of anxiety among offspring. Perturbations in the serotonergic neurotransmitter system were observed among offspring exposed to a maternal high-fat diet that altered the expression of Tryptophan hydroxylase 2, serotonin transporter, and serotonin 1A receptor subtype. In contrast to offspring of mothers fed a standard chow diet, those born to a mother fed a high-fat diet experienced early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, impaired negative feedback mechanisms, increased expression of glucocorticoid receptors in the limbic system, and dysregulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression. These studies suggest that fetal exposure to a maternal high-fat diet increases the risk for the development of generalized anxiety disorders among children and adolescents. To break this transgenerational cycle of cognitive impairment, public health policies and interventions must be implemented to enhance maternal dietary patterns and improve the health of future generations.

Download or read book The Role of Pregnancy Nutrition in Maternal and Offspring Health written by Ekaterina Maslova and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-12-03 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In pregnancy, maternal nutrition sustains and nourishes the developing child. Imbalances in either the direction of nutritional excess or deficiency can have adverse consequences for child health. In addition, more research now suggests that good pregnancy nutrition influences child health beyond pregnancy and delivery. This includes modifying the risk of child health outcomes as they enter childhood and adulthood through influences on placental development, hormonal pathways, and organ structure and function. Poor pregnancy nutrition may also compromise maternal health during pregnancy, which may have long-term consequences for women’s health. Understanding the biological and social mechanisms operating during pregnancy can help in the design of better clinical and public health interventions. This Special Issue on “The Role of Pregnancy Nutrition in Maternal and Offspring Health” includes etiological and mechanistic studies of pregnancy nutrition with short- and long-term maternal and child health outcomes, including original research, narrative reviews, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Together, this body of work provides important insights into the influence of dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients on pregnancy outcomes, and long-term neurodevelopmental, respiratory, and metabolic health in the children. It also highlights nutritional consequences for specific groups of women, including those with pregnancy complications and eating disorders.

Download or read book Impact of Maternal Diet on Offspring Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Health written by Ruth Anne Schade and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first bacterial contamination of the gastrointestinal tract happens during birth and early feeding, however, impacts of maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation on offspring microbiota development is not well characterized. We used two rodent cohorts to model impacts of maternal diet on offspring microbiota composition and metabolic health. 1) Sprague-Dawley dams consumed high fat (HF) or chow diets during pregnancy and offspring were raised by dams consuming the same or opposite diet; fecal samples were collected for microbiota analysis on postnatal day (PND) 21. 2) C57BL/6 dams received low fat (LF), HF, or HF supplemented with glycan (HFG) diets; offspring were weaned onto the HF or LF diet. Offspring fecal samples were collected at PND21, PND35, and PND90. The cross-fostering study indicates postnatal, rather than prenatal, influence drives early microbiota composition, while the C57BL/6 study suggests maternal and post-weaning diets shape microbiota composition in adult offspring.

Download or read book Nutrition and Lifestyle for Pregnancy and Breastfeeding written by Peter D. Gluckman and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explaining the practical implications of new discoveries in 'life-course biology', Nutrition and Lifestyle for Pregnancy and Breastfeeding is an informed resource on factors that affect offspring development. The impact of parental lifestyle and behavioural choices influence not only fetal development and birth outcomes, but also postnatal development, yet guidance on appropriate diet, behaviour, and exposures during pregnancy is often confusing and contradictory. With accessible explanations of the latest scientific research, and clear summaries and recommendations, this book is a valuable and authoritative guide for all levels of health care providers. The authors provide an overview of the background evidence, highlighting the importance of lifestyle choices prior to and during pregnancy. In-depth discussions of nutritional and lifestyle factors that impact on pregnancy and offspring outcomes are based on the latest research and exploration of key scientific studies. Nutrition and Lifestyle for Pregnancy and Breastfeeding is a manual offering both scientific and clinical evidence to empower health care providers and ensure they have the information necessary to confidently care for prospective and new parents.

Download or read book Diet Nutrition and Fetal Programming written by Rajkumar Rajendram and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2017-10-13 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers the most comprehensive coverage on fetal programming. Chapters are written by authors of international and national standing, leaders in the field and trendsetters. The clinical relevance of the current research is emphasized in each chapter, which also contains key points, key words, and concise summaries for ease of learning. Fetal programming affects conditions in the immediate postnatal period, as well as in later life and adulthood. These conditions include cardiovascular disease, frank hypertension, stroke, dyslipidemia, coagulopathy, increased insulin resistance-metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, leukemia, testicular cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome, precocious puberty, impaired immune function, renal disease, lung disease, and osteoporosis. Neuropathologies, behavioral and mental deficiencies, schizophrenia, and depression have also been reported in adults who were exposed to nutritional inadequacies in utero. Diet, Nutrition and Fetal Programming provides an overview on the effects of fetal programming on disease, and comprehensive looks at maternal nutrition factors and fetal programming effects on brain and behavior, and physiology and disease. It also provides an in depth look at specific nutrient restrictions and supplements on physiology and disease, the effects of maternal disease on fetal programming, mechanisms of programming, and a special section on the international aspects and policies on fetal programming.

Download or read book Caffeine and Health written by Jack E. James and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world. The complexity and diversity of its effects have challenged the investigatory skills of generations of scientists. Caffeine's implications for health have been considered from a plethora of disciplinary perspectives, with the result that research findings are scattered across a daunting array of scientific periodicals and specialist texts. This book provides a comprehensive assessment of the complex behavioral and biomedical effects of caffeine on health. The clear, lucid text conveys a wealth of information of interest to specialists, health practitioners, and scientists involved in health matters. Single-authored text, written in a clear, readable style Appeals to scientists generally as part of the current interest in health matters, as well as to its specialist audience Provides a comprehensive review of the complex and diverse effects of caffeine on the human body

Download or read book WHO antenatal care recommendations for a positive pregnancy experience Nutritional interventions update written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2020-07-08 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Health Organization's comprehensive antenatal care (ANC) guideline WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience was first published in 2016 with the objective of improving the quality of routine health care that all women and adolescent girls receive during pregnancy. The overarching principle - to provide pregnant service users with a positive pregnancy experience - aims to encourage countries to expand their health-care agendas beyond survival, with a view to maximizing health, human rights and the potential of their populations. This guideline presents that evidence and updated recommendation on antenatal vitamin D supplements, which updates and does not alter the corresponding recommendation previously issued.