Download or read book The Human Subject in the Psychological Laboratory written by I. Silverman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written for anyone who does or plans to do behavioral research, this book is based on the thesis that the psychological laboratory is a special place for people brought there as subjects. Accordingly, subjects act in ways that bear little relationship to their behaviours in the life situations to which psychologists seek to generalize their findings. An analysis is given of the motives, feelings and intentions common to people who assume the role of psychological subjects. The ways in which their responses confound data and lead to spurious conclusions are described
Download or read book The Human Subject in the Psychological Laboratory written by Irwin Silverman and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1977 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written for anyone who does or plans to do behavioral research, this book is based on the thesis that the psychological laboratory is a special place for people brought there as subjects. Accordingly, subjects act in ways that bear little relationship to their behaviours in the life situations to which psychologists seek to generalize their findings. An analysis is given of the motives, feelings and intentions common to people who assume the role of psychological subjects. The ways in which their responses confound data and lead to spurious conclusions are described.
Download or read book The Human Subject written by John G. Adair and published by Boston : Little, Brown. This book was released on 1973 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "For the past fifty years, one fundamental aspect of the methodology of psychology has resisted evolution and growth--the relationship of the human subject to the psychological experiment. Adopting the natural science model of the experimental method, we have regarded the interaction of subject, experimenter, and study as fixed and the laboratory as a methodologically sterile setting for the study of behavior. Recent research on the social psychology of the psychological experiment has proved us wrong. Research has revealed 'social contamination' in the laboratory; the subject and experimenter provide a stimulus for each other, their respective attitudes, feelings, and expectations influencing the data that are collected. This research as proposed ways to control or measure subject and experimenter bias in a study as well as alternatives to the traditional laboratory experiment. Because of its diversity, however, it is not easily interpretable, and its implications for methodological changes are not clear. This book provides an integrated view of this research and speculates on its implications for future experimentation. It is hoped that readers will gain from it a mature understanding of the experimental process, concern for its human element, and an appreciation of some of the unique controls they must exercise."--
Download or read book The Human Subject in Psychological Research written by Duane P. Schultz and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One important aspect of research in psychology is the nature of the person who supplies most of our data: the human subject. Recent empirical and theoretical literature on the human subject provides sobering and alarming implications for the future of research in psychology. This paper critically examines the human subject in terms of his changing role and status in the history of psychology, his role in contemporary psychology, the limitations and weaknesses of his present status, and what might be done to remedy the situation. The discussion covers the bias in subject selection, the subject as he enters the laboratory, his performance in the experimental task, and ethical implications of certain kinds of tasks he performs. It is suggested that psychology's image of the human subject as a stimulus-response machine is incorrect and that many of our studies are based on data supplied to us by subjects who are neither randomly selected or assigned, nor representative of the general adult population, nor naive, and who are suspicious and distrustful of psychological researchers. (Author).
Download or read book Laboratory Psychology written by Julia Nunn and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2020-10-12 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental design is important enough to merit a book on its own, without statistics, that instead links methodology to a discussion of how psychologists can advance and reject theories about human behaviour. The objective of this book is to fulfil this role. The first four chapters lay the foundations of design in experimental psychology. The first chapter justifies the prominent role given to methodology within the discipline, whilst chapters two and three describe between-subject and within-subject designs. Chapter four compares and contrasts the traditional experimental approach with that of the quasi-experimental, or correlational approach, concluding that the consequences of not recognizing the value of the latter approach can be far-reaching. The following three chapters discuss practical issues involved in running experiments. The first of these offers a comprehensive guide to the student researcher who wants to construct a good questionnaire, including a discussion of reliability and validity issues. The next chapter considers the basic tools of psychological research, whilst both discussing the theoretical problem of how a sample from a population is chosen and offering useful hints on the practical issue of finding adequate populations from which to select participants. The next chapter considers ethical practice within psychological research, written in large part so that psychology students will be better able to anticipate ethical problems in their studies before they occur. The final two chapters consider reporting and reading psychological papers. Chapter eight details what should and should not be included in a laboratory report. The contributors use their collective experience of marking numerous lab reports to highlight common errors and provide solutions. Finally, chapter nine describes the various elements of a journal article, including tips on how to get the best out of your journal reading.
Download or read book Pitfalls in Human Research written by Theodore Xenophon Barber and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pitfalls in Human Research examines 10 ten pivotal points in human research where investigators and experimenters can go astray. Two questions are addressed: At what pivotal points in the complex research process can the experimental study go astray and give rise to misleading results and conclusions? What steps can researchers take to avoid these pitfalls? To answer these questions, those aspects of experimental studies that are under the control of the investigator as well as those aspects that are under the control of the experimenter are examined. This book begins by making a distinction between the investigator and the experimenter, arguing that their roles are functionally quite different. The discussion then turns to the 10 pitfalls in human research, divided into investigator effects and experimenter effects: investigator paradigm effect; investigator experimental design effect; investigator loose procedure effect; investigator data analysis effect; investigator fudging effect; experimenter personal attributes effect; experimenter failure to follow the procedure effect; experimenter misrecording effect; experimenter fudging effect; and experimenter unintentional expectancy effect. This monograph will be a useful resource for both investigators and experimenters, as well as those who utilize research results in their teaching or practice.
Download or read book Companion Encyclopedia of Psychology written by Andrew M. Colman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychology plays an increasingly important role in today's society. Its influence can be seen all around us - be it in the home, the workplace, the school or our private lives. A uniquely diverse discipline, it ranges from social psychology to biological aspects of behaviour, and from basic research to the applied professions. This Companion Encyclopedia covers all these main branches of psychological research and professional practice. The thematic arrangement is the result of the Editor's extensive research into syllabi, from which he distilled the 13 most frequently taught units. Students can consult and be referred to sections relating to their lecture programme, and can find lucid definitions of frequently used terms in the Glossary. Headings and sub-headings are clearly highlighted at the beginning of each chapter - ideal for quick reference. * Provides authoritative and in-depth reference material on all major branches of psychological research and professional practice * Contributors include many of the world's most eminent psychologists * Written in a lively style without assuming previous knowledge of the subject * Structured according to the core topics appearing most often as discrete modules in contemporary psychology courses * Detailed bibliographies, further reading sections, exhaustive index and glossary of technical terms * Containing 165 supporting illustrations
Download or read book Psychological Laboratory Of Harvard University written by Harvard Psychological Laboratory and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A seminal work in the field of psychology, this book details the laboratory and its research initiatives at Harvard University. From experimental studies to groundbreaking research on human cognition, this book offers valuable insight into the early years of psychology research. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book A History of Modern Psychology written by Duane Schultz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-02 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A History of Modern Psychology, 3rd Edition discusses the development and decline of schools of thought in modern psychology. The book presents the continuing refinement of the tools, techniques, and methods of psychology in order to achieve increased precision and objectivity. Chapters focus on relevant topics such as the role of history in understanding the diversity and divisiveness of contemporary psychology; the impact of physics on the cognitive revolution and humanistic psychology; the influence of mechanism on Descartes's thinking; and the evolution of the third force, humanistic psychology. Undergraduate students of psychology and related fields will find the book invaluable in their pursuit of knowledge.
Download or read book Ethical Problems in Psychological Research written by Heinz Schuler and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-09-17 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethical Problems in Psychological Research focuses on the relationship between experimenter and subject within investigations in the biomedical and social sciences. The book discusses on the potential conflict between methodological and ethical norms; ethical problems of psychological experiments; and the ethical and methodological problems of alternatives to laboratory experiments. The text also describes the codification of ethical principles for psychological research.
Download or read book Psychological Research in the Classroom written by Teresa M. Amabile and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-06 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychological Research in the Classroom
Download or read book Impression Management Theory and Social Psychological Research written by James T. Tedeschi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-09-24 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impression Management Theory and Social Psychological Research gathers together the various strands of thinking and research on impression management. This book does not easily lend itself to a singular organization. Not only do the authors deal with very different topics, they sometimes disagree with one another on assumptions and interpretations. Nevertheless, there are chapters that tend to group together. The book can be organized into six parts. Part I, General Theory, consists of chapters that deal primarily with issues related to the reasons for, and specific tactics of, impression management. Part II, Impression Management and Laboratory Research, includes two chapters that make a major contribution to the social psychology of the experiment. Part III, Attitudes as Tactics of Self-Presentation, centers around the concept of attitudes. The chapters in Part IV, Self-Presentation and Harm-Doing, are organized around the theme of harm-doing. Part V, Bargaining, Distributive Justice, and Impression Management, focuses on the distribution of rewards in groups. Part VI, Individual Differences and Impression Management, is concerned with individual differences such as mental illness, social anxiety, and shyness.
Download or read book Doing Psychological Research 2e written by Nicky Hayes and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2021-02-16 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is an excellent grounding in both quantitative and qualitative psychological research methods, which provides an excellent 'one-stop shop' for any student beginning their learning journey.” —Mark Griffiths, Distinguished Professor of Behavioural Addiction, Nottingham Trent University “This new edition will be warmly welcomed by anxious psychology students!” —Susanna Kola-Palmer, Senior Lecturer in Psychology, University of Huddersfield “Authoritative and yet written with the clarity and liveliness that are Hayes’ hallmark, she employs great depth of knowledge and wide experience, both harnessed to make this potentially dry and daunting subject accessible and even fun to read about.” —Peter Stratton, Emeritus Professor, University of Leeds, UK A must-have for any student undertaking psychological research, this new edition has been comprehensively updated, while maintaining the simple, friendly language and use of everyday examples that have already helped generations of students to successfully understand what research methods are and how one might actually go about using them. The book is divided into data-gathering and analytical sections, and covers the main methods used in psychology for each of these purposes. With detailed explanations of underlying principles, as well as exercises, activities, worked examples of statistical tests, and self-assessment questions, Hayes shows you what you are doing, when you should do it, and why you are doing it. New to this edition: •Discussion on ethics at the end of each chapter on data-gathering •Assessment of netnography and online research •Additional examination of legal developments such as GDPR •New chapter on multivariate analysis An accessible and thorough introductory text for all students of research methods in psychology. Nicky Hayes is a Fellow of the British Psychological Society, a Chartered Psychologist and an Honorary Life Member of the Association for the Teaching of Psychology. She has written widely and is particularly respected for her ability to apply psychology to everyday life, working with businesses and the public sector as well in education.
Download or read book A Little History of Psychology written by Nicky Hayes and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2024-05-21 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rich and engaging guide to psychology, the science devoted to understanding human nature What really drives our decisions? Where do language and memory come from? Why do our minds sometimes seem to work against us? Psychologists have long attempted to answer these questions, seeking to understand human behaviour, feelings, and thoughts. But how to explore something so elusive? In this fascinating history, leading expert Nicky Hayes tells the story of psychology across the centuries and around the world. Hayes introduces key thinkers, including Carl Jung, Anna Freud, Frantz Fanon, and Daniel Kahneman. We see how they tried to expand our understanding, from Pavlov and his dogs to Milgram and his famous electric shock experiments to the CIA’s secret mind-control projects. Hayes explores key concepts like child development, the inferiority complex, and PTSD and shows how psychological research has been used for both good and ill. This Little History shines a light on the ever-advancing study of psychology, how the field has evolved over time—and how much more we need to learn.
Download or read book Experiments of the Mind written by Emily Martin and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-25 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is an ethnographic investigation of the everyday professional lives of experimental cognitive psychologists, aimed at conveying to readers a sense of the social world of thelaboratory, and explaining how the field produces knowledge about human cognition. Emily Martin did fieldwork in three labs conducting research in normal human cognition. In the early daysof her fieldwork, Martin was struck by how irrelevant her own subjective experience was to the experimenters. What researchers conducting the experiments were seeking was data about how her brain responded to stimuli such as photographs and videos. Her own responses to the situation -- the set-up of the experiment, etc -- were very much beside the point. This led Martin to wonder when, in the history of this field, introspection and related "messy" data concerning the social conditions of lab experimentation came to be expelled. Her book examines this history, provides a comparison with the history of her own field (anthropology), and discusses the evolution of a pillar of contemporary experimental cognitive psychology, the psychological experiment. In the course of this book Martin reports on her discussions with practicing experimental psychologists about the efficacy of placing persons in such unusual settings in the search for generalknowledge. What emerges is an account of the cognitive psychology experiment as an artificial construction in which a certain kind of knowledge is produced and a certain kind of humansubject is created. But this book is not a "debunking" of the discipline of experimental cognitive psychology. Martin readily acknowledges the fact that real knowledge is produced in thesehighly-structured and artificial experimental settings. She does, however, question the tendency within this discipline to dismiss the significance of the social and cultural setting of the formalpsychological experiment, and argues that the field promotes a truncated view of the human subject and its capacities"--
Download or read book A History of Modern Psychology written by Duane P. Schultz and published by New York : Academic Press. This book was released on 1975 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A History of Modern Psychology, Second Edition discusses the development and decline of schools of thought in modern psychology. The book presents the continuing refinement of the tools, techniques, and methods of psychology in order to achieve increased precision and objectivity. Chapters focus on relevant topics such as the beginning of the history of psychology; the philosophical and physiological influences on psychology; the details of various schools of thought in psychology; and the contemporary psychology of America and other countries. Undergraduate students of psychology and related.
Download or read book Constructing the Subject written by Kurt Danziger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-01-28 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constructing the Subject traces the history of psychological research methodology from the nineteenth century to the emergence of currently favored styles of research in the second quarter of the twentieth century. Kurt Danziger considers methodology to be a kind of social practice rather than simply a matter of technique. Therefore his historical analysis is primarily concerned with such topics as the development of the social structure of the research relationship between experimenters and their subjects, as well as the role of the methodology in the relationship of investigators to each other in a wider social context. The book begins with a historical discussion of introspection as a research practice and proceeds to an analysis of diverging styles of psychological investigation. There is an extensive exploration of the role of quantification and statistics in the historical development of psychological research. The influence of the social context on research practice is illustrated by a comparison of American and German developments, especially in the field of personality research. In this analysis, psychology is treated less as a body of facts or theories than a particular set of social activities intended to produce something that counts as psychological knowledge under certain historical conditions. This perspective means that the historical analysis has important consequences for a critical understanding of psychological methodology in general.
