Download or read book The historical roots of the Nigerian Civil War 1967 1970 nineteen hundred and sixty seven to nineteen hundred and seventy written by Ahmed Ali Amr and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biafra written by Peter Baxter and published by Helion and Company. This book was released on 2015-01-19 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nigeria was a unique concept in the formation of modern Africa. It began life as a highly lucrative if climatically challenging holding of the Royal Niger Company, a British Chartered Company under the control of Victorian capitalist Sir George Taubman Goldie. It was handed over to indigenous rule in 1960 with the best of intentions and a profound hope on the part of the British Crown that it would become the poster child of successful political transition in Africa. It did not. One of the signature failures of imperial strategists at the turn of the 19th century was to take little if any account of the traditional demographics of the territories and societies that were subdivided, and often joined together, into spheres of foreign influence, later evolving into colonies, and finally into nation states. Many of the signature crises in postcolonial Africa have owed their origins to this very phenomenon: incompatible and mutually antagonistic tribal and ethnic groupings forced to cohabit within the indivisible precincts of political geography. Congo, Rwanda/Burundi, Sudan and many others have suffered ongoing attrition within their borders as historic enmities surge and boil in restless and ongoing violence. Such was the case with Nigeria in the post-independence period. The traditions and practices of the Islamic north and the Christian/Animist south, and even within the multiplicity of ethnic division in the south itself, proved to be impossible to reconcile. The result was an immediate centrifuge away from the center, complicated by the vast infusion of oil revenues and the inevitable explosion of corruption that followed. All of this created the alchemy of civil war and genocide, which erupted into violence in 1967 as the eastern region of Nigeria attempted to secede. The war that followed shocked the conscience of the world, and revealed for the first time the true depth of incompatibility of the four partners in the Nigerian federation. This book traces the early history of Nigeria from inception to civil war, and the complex events that defined the conflict in Biafra, revealing how and why this awful event played out, and the scars that it has since left on the psyche of the disunited federation that has continued to exist in the aftermath.
Download or read book A Social History of the Nigerian Civil War written by Axel Harneit-Sievers and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 1997 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Die vorliegende Studie ist eine sozialgeschichtliche Bestandsaufnahme des nigerianischen Bürgerkriegs (""Biafra-Krieg"", 1967- 70) und seiner Nachkriegszeit. Die Studie verfolgt den Ansatz einer ""Geschichte von unten"", die die Erfahrungen und Einschätzungen solcher Menschen aufzeichnet und darstellt, die (etwa im Gegensatz zu Politikern und Generälen) üblicherweise keine Memoiren über die Kriegszeit veröffentlichen. Thematisiert werden das Alltagsleben unter Kriegsbedingungen und die Schicksale von Flüchtlingen und Frauen; die Erfahrungen mit militärischer Gewalt und die Wahrnehmung der ""großen Politik"" durch die ""einfachen Leute""; die oft traumatische Erfahrung des Kriegsendes und die Probleme des Wiederaufbaus nach 1970. Neben den Erfahrungen der Kriegs- und Nachkriegszeit selbst analysiert die vorliegende Studie die Art und Weise, wie der Krieg heute wahrgenommen und interpretiert wird. Damit leistet sie auch einen Beitrag zum Verständnis heutiger nigerianischer Poltitik, vor allem aus Sicht der vormals vom Bürgerkrieg betroffenen Regionen. This is a social history study of the Nigerian Civil War (`Biafran War', 1967 - 70) and post-war reconstruction after 1970, written as a `history from below'. It records experiences and perceptions of people from within the former war-affected area who - unlike a number of famous politicians and generals - normally do not publish autobiographies. Topics covered are: everyday life under war conditions and the experiences of vulnerable groups, like refugees and women; the experience of military violence and the perception of politics by `ordinary' people; the experience of the end of the war, traumatic in many cases; and the problems people faced in the reconstruction process after 1970. The study also looks at the ways the war experience is viewed and interpreted in South-Eastern Nigeria today. Thereby, it also contributes to the understanding of current politics in Nigeria, particularly from the perspective of the former war-affected area. Axel Harneit-Sievers is Research Fellow of the Centre for Modern Oriental Studies in Berlin. Jones O. Ahazuem is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of History, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Sydney Emezue teaches history in the School of Humanities, Abia State University, Uturu. Co-published with Jemezie Publishers, Nigeria. "
Download or read book The Historical Roots of the Nigerian Civil War written by Ahmed Ali Amr and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Nigerian Civil War 1967 1970 written by H. B. Momoh and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Postcolonial Conflict and the Question of Genocide written by A. Dirk Moses and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-07-06 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Contributors -- Introduction -- 1 The Nigeria-Biafra War: Postcolonial Conflict and the Question of Genocide -- SECTION I Genocide and the Biafran Bid for Self-Determination -- 2 Irreconcilable Narratives: Biafra, Nigeria and Arguments About Genocide, 1966-1970 -- 3 Marketing Genocide: Biafran Propaganda Strategies During the Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970 -- 4 The Case Against Victor Banjo: Legal Process and the Governance of Biafra -- 5 The Biafran Secession and the Limits of Self-Determination -- SECTION II A Global Event -- 6 The UK and 'Genocide' in Biafra -- 7 France and the Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970 -- 8 Israel, Nigeria and the Biafra Civil War, 1967-1970 -- 9 Strange Bedfellows: An Unlikely Alliance Between the Soviet Union and Nigeria During the Biafran War -- 10 West German Sympathy for Biafra, 1967-1970: Actors, Perceptions and Motives -- 11 Dealing With 'Genocide': The ICRC and the UN During the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970 -- 12 Humanitarian Encounters: Biafra, NGOs and Imaginings of the Third World in Britain and Ireland, 1967-1970 -- 13 'And Starvation Is the Grim Reaper': The American Committee to Keep Biafra Alive and the Genocide Question During the Nigerian Civil War, 1968-1970 -- 14 'Black America Cares': The Response of African-Americans to Civil War and 'Genocide' in Nigeria, 1967-1970 -- SECTION III Trauma and Memory -- 15 Women and the Nigeria-Biafra War -- 16 'Biafra of the Mind': MASSOB and the Mobilization of History -- 17 Memory as Social Burden: Collective Remembrance of the Biafran War and Imaginations of Socio-Political Marginalization in Contemporary Nigeria -- 18 The Asaba Massacre and the Nigerian Civil War: Reclaiming Hidden History -- 19 Imagined Nations and Imaginary Nigeria: Chinua Achebe's Quest for a Country -- Index
Download or read book Biafra s War 1967 1970 written by Al J. Venter and published by Helion and Company. This book was released on 2016-02-19 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost half a century has passed since the Nigerian Civil War ended. But memories die hard, because a million or more people perished in that internecine struggle, the majority women and children, who were starved to death. Biafra’s war was modern Africa’s first extended conflict. It lasted almost three years and was based largely on ethnic, by inference, tribal grounds. It involved, on the one side, a largely Christian or animist southeastern quadrant of Nigeria which called itself Biafra, pitted militarily against the country’s more populous and preponderant Islamic north. These divisions – almost always brutal – persist. Not a week goes by without reports coming in of Christian communities or individuals persecuted by Islamic zealots. It was also a conflict that saw significant Cold War involvement: the Soviets (and Britain) siding and supplying Federal Nigeria with weapons, aircraft and expertise and several Western states – Portugal, South Africa and France especially – providing clandestine help to the rebel state. For that reason alone, this book is an important contribution towards understanding Nigeria’s ethnic divisions, which are no better today than they were then. Biafra was the first of a series of religious wars that threaten to engulf much of Africa. Similar conflicts have recently taken place in the Ivory Coast, Kenya, Southern Sudan, the Central African Republic, Senegal (Cassamance), both Congo Republics and elsewhere. As the war progressed, Biafra also attracted mercenary involvement, many of whom arriving from the Congo which had already seen much turmoil. Western pilots were hired by Lagos and they flew the first Soviet MiG-17 jet fighters to have played an active role in a ‘Western’ war. Al Venter spent time covering this struggle. He left the rebel enclave in December 1969, only weeks before it ended and claims the distinction of being the only foreign correspondent to have been rocketed by both sides: first by Biafra’s tiny Swedish-built Minicon fighter planes while he was on a ship lying at anchor in Warri harbour and thereafter, by MiG jets flown by mercenaries. Among his colleagues inside the beleaguered territory were the celebrated Italian photographer Romano Cagnoni as well as Frederick Forsyth who originally reported for the BBC and then resigned because of the partisan, pro-Nigerian stance taken by Whitehall. He briefly shared quarters with French photographer Giles Caron who was later killed in Cambodia. Prior to that Venter had been working for John Holt in Lagos. It is interesting that his office at the time was at Ikeja International Airport (Murtala Muhammed today) where the second Nigerian army mutiny was plotted and from where it was launched. From this perspective he had a proverbial ‘ringside seat’ of the tribal divisions that followed as hostilities escalated. Venter took numerous photos while on this West African assignment, both in Nigeria while he was based there and later in Biafra itself. Others come from various sources, including some from the same mercenary pilots who originally targeted him from the air.
Download or read book Republic of Biafra Once Upon a Time in Nigeria written by Onyema G. Nkwocha and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2010 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not quite four months after the Western Region's election of October 10, 1965, did the localized mayhem in that Region find its way furiously into the center of the nation on January 15, 1966! It was like a whirl-wind of nothing but anarchy and lawlessness. The serious aftermath of the marred and rigged election was that it acted as the last straw that broke the Carmel's back, providing immediate reason for the army to overthrow the government of Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe. Anarchy ensued; a counter coup led to the death of Major-General Ironsi. Callous barbarous massacre of thousands of easterners in the North followed. With their lives in jeopardy, easterners fled for safety to eastern region; refugee crisis followed. To guarantee their safety, easterners seceded from Nigeria and on May 30th 1967, formed an independent and sovereign nation of the Republic of Biafra. Determined to bring Easterners back, on July 6, 1967 Nigeria invaded Biafra; waged a gruesome thirty-month-civil war against Biafra. Nigeria blockaded Biafra on land, sea and air, to prevent food from entering Biafra. A malnutrition disease, Kwashiorkor that caused the deaths of thousands of Biafrans, followed. Nigeria bombed Biafran civilians, killing thousands. On January 12, 1970 the war ended leaving more than three million people dead in a war that was totally avoidable!
Download or read book The Nigerian War 1967 1970 written by Zdenek Červenka and published by Frankfurt am Main : Bernard & Graefe. This book was released on 1971 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The International Politics of the Nigerian Civil War 1967 1970 written by John J. Stremlau and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-03-08 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biafra's declaration of independence on May 30, 1967, precipitated a civil war with important implications for the territorial integrity of all newly independent African states. Allegations of genocide commanded the world's attention and brought forth unprecedented humanitarian intervention. This full account of the internationalization of that conflict draws on hitherto confidential records and more than two hundred interviews with foreign policymakers, including Yakubu Gowon and C. Odumegwu Ojukwu. Originally published in 1977. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Download or read book The historical roots of the Nigerian civil war 1967 1970 von Ahmed Ali Amr written by Ahmed Ali Amr and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book My Command written by Olusegun Obasanjo and published by East African Publishers. This book was released on 1980 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The historical roots of the Nigerian civil war 1967 1970 von Ahmed Ali Amr written by Ahmad Ali 'Amr and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Postcolonial Conflict and the Question of Genocide written by A. Dirk Moses and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Contributors -- Introduction -- 1 The Nigeria-Biafra War: Postcolonial Conflict and the Question of Genocide -- SECTION I Genocide and the Biafran Bid for Self-Determination -- 2 Irreconcilable Narratives: Biafra, Nigeria and Arguments About Genocide, 1966-1970 -- 3 Marketing Genocide: Biafran Propaganda Strategies During the Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970 -- 4 The Case Against Victor Banjo: Legal Process and the Governance of Biafra -- 5 The Biafran Secession and the Limits of Self-Determination -- SECTION II A Global Event -- 6 The UK and 'Genocide' in Biafra -- 7 France and the Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970 -- 8 Israel, Nigeria and the Biafra Civil War, 1967-1970 -- 9 Strange Bedfellows: An Unlikely Alliance Between the Soviet Union and Nigeria During the Biafran War -- 10 West German Sympathy for Biafra, 1967-1970: Actors, Perceptions and Motives -- 11 Dealing With 'Genocide': The ICRC and the UN During the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1967-1970 -- 12 Humanitarian Encounters: Biafra, NGOs and Imaginings of the Third World in Britain and Ireland, 1967-1970 -- 13 'And Starvation Is the Grim Reaper': The American Committee to Keep Biafra Alive and the Genocide Question During the Nigerian Civil War, 1968-1970 -- 14 'Black America Cares': The Response of African-Americans to Civil War and 'Genocide' in Nigeria, 1967-1970 -- SECTION III Trauma and Memory -- 15 Women and the Nigeria-Biafra War -- 16 'Biafra of the Mind': MASSOB and the Mobilization of History -- 17 Memory as Social Burden: Collective Remembrance of the Biafran War and Imaginations of Socio-Political Marginalization in Contemporary Nigeria -- 18 The Asaba Massacre and the Nigerian Civil War: Reclaiming Hidden History -- 19 Imagined Nations and Imaginary Nigeria: Chinua Achebe's Quest for a Country -- Index
Download or read book When History Repeats Itself A Story Of A Civil War written by Udeoji Chukwuma Godfrey and published by BookRix. This book was released on 2020-06-07 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nigerian civil war known as Nigeria-Biafra War and its untold History was a civil war in Nigeria from 6 July 1967 to 15 January 1970.During the two and half years of the war, there were about 1000,000 overall military casualties, while between 500,000 and 3 million Biafran civilians died of starvation.
Download or read book Biafra written by Kelly Mass and published by Efalon Acies. This book was released on 2023-12-01 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biafra, known officially as the Republic of Biafra, emerged as a separatist state in West Africa, enduring from May 1967 to January 1970 when it seceded from Nigeria. Its territory encompassed the former eastern region of Nigeria, predominantly inhabited by the Igbo population, now divided into the present south-south and southeastern regions of Africa. Founded by Igbo nationalists, Biafra arose in response to a series of ethnic hostilities that erupted immediately after Nigeria gained independence in 1960, culminating in the 1966 massacres of Igbos and other southern ethnic groups residing in northern Nigeria. Following Biafra's declaration of independence in 1967, Nigeria's military initiated an attack on the country, sparking the Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Nigerian-Biafran War. Gabon, Haiti, the Ivory Coast, Tanzania, and Zambia have all officially acknowledged Biafra. France, Spain, Portugal, Norway, Rhodesia, South Africa, and the Vatican City were among the countries that withheld recognition from Biafra but provided support and assistance. Biafra received aid from non-state entities such as Joint Church Aid, foreign mercenaries, the Holy Ghost Fathers of Ireland, and Caritas International under their guidance, as well as the United States Catholic Relief Services. In response to the suffering, Médecins Sans Frontières was founded.
Download or read book Biafra Genocide written by Al J. Venter and published by Casemate Publishers. This book was released on 2018-08-30 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the great tragedies of Africa is not only the fact that a million people mostly civilians and a large proportion of them children died in one of Africas first post-independence wars, but that until it happened the world thought Nigeria was immune from the wasting disease of tribalism. It certainly was not because the Biafran War is still the most expansive tribal conflagration that the continent has experienced barring perhaps the ongoing Great Lakes conflict involving the forces of East and West, only this time, with the British siding with the Soviets.Worse, some of the religious differences that emerged before and after that dreadful carnage are still with us today. During the course of hostilities that lasted almost four years, a lot of other shortcomings surfaced in Africas most populous nation, including the kind of corruption that, until then, had always been linked to countries rich in oil. Disunity, incompetence and instability from which Nigeria never really recovered also emerged. Two bloody army coups followed after the rebels capitulated, together with an appalling series of massacres, mostly of southern Christians by Muslim northerners. Half a century later the slaughter continues.
