Download or read book Hindu arabic Numerals written by Smith David Eugene and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Man of Numbers written by Keith Devlin and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2011-11-07 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1202, a 32-year old Italian finished one of the most influential books of all time, which introduced modern arithmetic to Western Europe. Devised in India in the seventh and eighth centuries and brought to North Africa by Muslim traders, the Hindu-Arabic system helped transform the West into the dominant force in science, technology, and commerce, leaving behind Muslim cultures which had long known it but had failed to see its potential. The young Italian, Leonardo of Pisa (better known today as Fibonacci), had learned the Hindu number system when he traveled to North Africa with his father, a customs agent. The book he created was Liber abbaci, the 'Book of Calculation', and the revolution that followed its publication was enormous. Arithmetic made it possible for ordinary people to buy and sell goods, convert currencies, and keep accurate records of possessions more readily than ever before. Liber abbaci's publication led directly to large-scale international commerce and the scientific revolution of the Renaissance. Yet despite the ubiquity of his discoveries, Leonardo of Pisa remains an enigma. His name is best known today in association with an exercise in Liber abbaci whose solution gives rise to a sequence of numbers - the Fibonacci sequence - used by some to predict the rise and fall of financial markets, and evident in myriad biological structures. In The Man of Numbers, Keith Devlin recreates the life and enduring legacy of an overlooked genius, and in the process makes clear how central numbers and mathematics are to our daily lives.
Download or read book Fibonacci s Liber Abaci written by Laurence Sigler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1202, Fibonacci’s Liber Abaci was one of the most important books on mathematics in the Middle Ages, introducing Arabic numerals and methods throughout Europe. This is the first translation into a modern European language, of interest not only to historians of science but also to all mathematicians and mathematics teachers interested in the origins of their methods.
Download or read book The Hindu Arabic Numerals written by David Eugene Smith and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Story of Our Numbers written by Zelda King and published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains the history of written numbers, from ancient Roman numerals to the invention of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system and the spread of the Arabic numeral system around the world.
Download or read book Math in Society written by David Lippman and published by . This book was released on 2012-09-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Math in Society is a survey of contemporary mathematical topics, appropriate for a college-level topics course for liberal arts major, or as a general quantitative reasoning course.This book is an open textbook; it can be read free online at http://www.opentextbookstore.com/mathinsociety/. Editable versions of the chapters are available as well.
Download or read book The Hindu Arabic Numerals written by Louis Charles Karpinski and published by Library of Alexandria. This book was released on 1911-01-01 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Hindu Arabic Numerals written by David Eugene Smith and published by Hardpress Publishing. This book was released on 2012-08-01 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.
Download or read book The Hindu arabic Numerals written by David Eugene Smith and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-07-06 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PREFACE So familiar are we with the numerals that bear the misleading name of Arabic, and so extensive is their use in Europe and the Americas, that it is difficult for us to realize that their general acceptance in the transactions of commerce is a matter of only the last four centuries, and that they are unknown to a very large part of the human race to-day. It seems strange that such a labor-saving device should have struggled for nearly a thousand years after its system of place value was perfected before it replaced such crude notations as the one that the Roman conqueror made substantially universal in Europe. Such, however, is the case, and there is probably no one who has not at least some slight passing interest in the story of this struggle. To the mathematician and the student of civilization the interest is generally a deep one; to the teacher of the elements of knowledge the interest may be less marked, but nevertheless it is real; and even the business man who makes daily use of the curious symbols by which we express the numbers of commerce, cannot fail to have some appreciation for the story of the rise and progress of these tools of his trade. This story has often been told in part, but it is a long time since any effort has been made to bring together the fragmentary narrations and to set forth the general problem of the origin and development of these numerals. In this little work we have attempted to state the history of these forms in small compass, to place before the student materials for the investigation of the problems involved, and to express as clearly as possible the results of the labors of scholars who have studied the subject in different parts of the world. We have had no theory to exploit, for the history of mathematics has seen too much of this tendency already, but as far as possible we have weighed the testimony and have set forth what seem to be the reasonable conclusions from the evidence at hand. To facilitate the work of students an index has been prepared which we hope may be serviceable. In this the names of authors appear only when some use has been made of their opinions or when their works are first mentioned in full in a footnote. If this work shall show more clearly the value of our number system, and shall make the study of mathematics seem more real to the teacher and student, and shall offer material for interesting some pupil more fully in his work with numbers, the authors will feel that the considerable labor involved in its preparation has not been in vain. We desire to acknowledge our especial indebtedness to Professor Alexander Ziwet for reading all the proof, as well as for the digest of a Russian work, to Professor Clarence L. Meader for Sanskrit transliterations, and to Mr. Steven T. Byington for Arabic transliterations and the scheme of pronunciation of Oriental names, and also our indebtedness to other scholars in Oriental learning for information. DAVID EUGENE SMITH LOUIS CHARLES KARPINSKI PRONUNCIATION OF ORIENTAL NAMES I. EARLY IDEAS OF THEIR ORIGIN II. EARLY HINDU FORMS WITH NO PLACE VALUE III. LATER HINDU FORMS, WITH A PLACE VALUE IV. THE SYMBOL ZERO V. THE QUESTION OF THE INTRODUCTION OF THE NUMERALS INTO EUROPE BY BOETHIUS VI. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NUMERALS AMONG THE ARABS VII. THE DEFINITE INTRODUCTION OF THE NUMERALS INTO EUROPE VIII. THE SPREAD OF THE NUMERALS IN EUROPE INDEX CHAPTER I EARLY IDEAS OF THEIR ORIGIN It has long been recognized that the common numerals used in daily life are of comparatively recent origin. The number of systems of notation employed before the Christian era was about the same as the number of written languages, and in some cases a single language had several systems. The Egyptians, for example, had three systems of writing, with a numerical notation for each; the Greeks had two well-defined sets of numerals, and the Roman symbols for number changed more or less from century to century. Even to-day the number
Download or read book The Hindu Arabic Numerals written by David Eugene Smith and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hindu-Arabic Numerals are the foundation of modern mathematics and scientific notation. In this comprehensive volume, David Eugene Smith and Louis Charles Karpinski trace the history and development of these numerals from ancient India to their adoption in Europe. With engaging illustrations and accessible explanations, The Hindu-Arabic Numerals is an essential resource for anyone interested in the history of mathematics. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book The Hindu Arabic Numerals written by David Eugene Smith and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-10-03 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: So familiar are we with the numerals that bear the misleading name of Arabic, and so extensive is their use in Europe and the Americas, that it is difficult for us to realize that their general acceptance in the transactions of commerce is a matter of only the last four centuries, and that they are unknown to a very large part of the human race to-day. It seems strange that such a labor-saving device should have struggled for nearly a thousand years after its system of place value was perfected before it replaced such crude notations as the one that the Roman conqueror made substantially universal in Europe. Such, however, is the case, and there is probably no one who has not at least some slight passing interest in the story of this struggle. To the mathematician and the student of civilization the interest is generally a deep one; to the teacher of the elements of knowledge the interest may be less marked, but nevertheless it is real; and even the business man who makes daily use of the curious symbols by which we express the numbers of commerce, cannot fail to have some appreciation for the story of the rise and progress of these tools of his trade.
Download or read book The Hindu Arabic Numerals written by Edward Raymond Turner and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci written by L. E. Sigler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Book of Squares by Fibonacci is a gem in the mathematical literature and one of the most important mathematical treatises written in the Middle Ages. It is a collection of theorems on indeterminate analysis and equations of second degree which yield, among other results, a solution to a problem proposed by Master John of Palermo to Leonardo at the Court of Frederick II. The book was dedicated and presented to the Emperor at Pisa in 1225. Dating back to the 13th century the book exhibits the early and continued fascination of men with our number system and the relationship among numbers with special properties such as prime numbers, squares, and odd numbers. The faithful translation into modern English and the commentary by the translator make this book accessible to professional mathematicians and amateurs who have always been intrigued by the lure of our number system.
Download or read book Can You Count in Greek written by Judy Leimbach and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-05-31 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discovering the way people in ancient cultures conducted their lives is fascinating for young people, and learning how these people counted and calculated is a part of understanding these cultures. This book offers a concise, but thorough, introduction to ancient number systems. Students won't just learn to count like the ancient Greeks; they'll learn about the number systems of the Mayans, Babylonians, Egyptians, and Romans, as well as learning Hindu-Arabic cultures and quinary and binary systems. Symbols and rules regarding the use of the symbols in each number system are introduced and demonstrated with examples. Activity pages provide problems for the students to apply their understanding of each system. Can You Count in Greek? is a great resource for math, as well as a supplement for social studies units on ancient civilizations. This valuable resource builds understanding of place value, number theory, and reasoning. It includes everything you need to easily incorporate these units in math or social studies classes. Whether you use all of the units or a select few, your students will gain a better understanding and appreciation of our number system. Grades 5-8
Download or read book Numbers written by Graham Flegg and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Readable, jargon-free book examines the earliest endeavors to count and record numbers, initial attempts to solve problems by using equations, and origins of infinite cardinal arithmetic. "Surprisingly exciting." — Choice.
Download or read book The Hindu Arabic Numerals written by David Eugene 1860-1944 Smith and published by Wentworth Press. This book was released on 2016-08-26 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book The Hindu Arabic Numerals written by Louis Charles Karpinski and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-06-02 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of literature attempts to compile many of the classic, timeless works that have stood the test of time and offer them at a reduced, affordable price, in an attractive volume so that everyone can enjoy them.
